Verified Document

Declaration Of Independence The Theory Of Government Term Paper

Declaration of Independence The Theory of Government presented in the Declaration

The author of the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson was greatly influenced by the political thoughts of the 17th century English philosopher John Locke and other thinkers of the European Age of Enlightenment. The theory of government presented in the Declaration is largely based on the political philosophy of Natural Rights that maintains that each individual enters a society with certain basic rights that no government can deny. The Declaration terms these Natural Rights as unalienable rights given to them by God, including the right of "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

The document goes on to assert that all men are created equal and in order to acquire and keep these natural rights, they have a right to form a Government that derives its powers only from the consent of the people. It closely reflects John Locke's argument that the government is a contract between the governed and the governing, and its main purpose is to protect every man's inherent right to life, liberty, and property.

The Declaration also proclaims that if a Government fails in its main function, i.e., protection of the life, liberty and happiness of its people, then the people have a right to change the government. It is recognized by the author(s) of the document that such a change is not to be attempted for trivial reasons, but becomes necessary when the government starts to work against the interests of its people and when all possible attempts to rectify the situation have been exhausted.

Grievances against the King

The long list of grievances listed against King George III in the Declaration of Independence can be categorized in different ways, but in my view they are most appropriately divided in the following four categories:

Political: Most of the grievances mentioned in the Declaration are of a political nature. For example, the document accuses the King of not accepting Laws passed by the local governments; of not...

Repeatedly dissolving Representative Houses for opposing him, refusing to let new immigrants become citizens of American states, and coercing judges to do his bidding. Specific examples include the passage of a Declaratory Act in 1766 that asserted the British Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies in all cases.
Economic: One of the major 'economic' grievances against the King was the imposition of taxes without the consent of the people. Examples of such taxes include the 'Stamp Act' passed by the Parliament in 1765 that required the purchase of revenue stamps for legal documents and many other paper products. Another example is the Townshend Acts of 1767, which imposed duties on a variety of items imported by the colonies, especially tea.

Military Coercion: Grievances relating to the military include the presence of a large military force in the colonies, which was not answerable to the local laws, transporting of large armies of foreign mercenaries to fight and oppress the local populations, and encouragement of domestic insurrection. The Quartering Act of 1765, a measure that required the colonies to provide housing and supplies for British troops, is a specific example of such coercion.

Indifference to Pleas: Towards the end of the list of grievances, it is emphasized that repeated petitions were made to the King and the British people for redressing the injustices, but to no avail. For instance, as late as July 1775, the First Continental Congress sent one last plea to the king, often called the "Olive Branch Petition," asking him to repeal the hated laws.

The Response of the British Government to the Grievances

The British government, of course, considered itself fully justified in all its actions taken during the period preceding the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the period following it. It considered all the grievances listed in the Declaration as unjustified and declared…

Sources used in this document:
Bibliography

Gilje, Paul A. "Declaration of Independence." Article in Encyclopedia Encarta, 2002.

Locke, John. (1690). "The Second Treatise of Civil Government." [E-text available online]. Retrieved on October 7, 2002 at http://www.orst.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/locke/locke2/2nd-contents.html

John Locke's "Second Treatise of Civil Government." (1690). Chapter II, Of Natural Rights.

Gilje, Paul A. "Declaration of Independence." Article in Encyclopedia Encarta, 2002.
Cite this Document:
Copy Bibliography Citation

Related Documents

Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson
Words: 468 Length: 2 Document Type: Term Paper

In fact, many of the ideas are taken directly from John Locke's theories, specifically the statement of the right to "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." Specifically, the declaration that "it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume...the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature...entitle them..." is a statement of both republicanism and Natural

Theories Tactics Methods and Techniques
Words: 24173 Length: 76 Document Type: Term Paper

EDSE 600: History and Philosophy of Education / / 3.0 credits The class entitled, History and Philosophy of Education, focused on the origin of education and the "philosophical influences of modern educational theory and practice. Study of: philosophical developments in the Renaissance, Reformation, and revolutionary periods; social, cultural and ideological forces which have shaped educational policies in the United States; current debates on meeting the wide range of educational and social-emotional

The Declaration of Independence Influence on History
Words: 700 Length: 2 Document Type: Essay

The Declaration of Independence was a product of Enlightenment philosophy and specifically of the theories of John Locke. Underlying assumptions of the Declaration include that government is a social contract, only valid with the explicit approval of the people who are governed but not lorded or ruled over. Jefferson recognized also that historical changes enable the emergence of new systems of governance and political culture: “in the course of human

Theory of Punishment
Words: 1536 Length: 5 Document Type: Term Paper

Locke's Theory Of Punishment John Locke was an English philosopher, who is undoubtedly the philosopher of modern times and the originator of concepts like self and identity, human nature and understanding, theory of mind and several other concepts regarding political philosophy and ethics. Born in 1632 and died in 1704, Locke is unanimously termed as the Father of Classical Liberalism since during the enlightenment era; he was amongst the most influential

Declaration of Rights of Man 1789 and
Words: 706 Length: 2 Document Type: Term Paper

Declaration of Rights of Man" (1789) and the "Declaration of Independence" (1776) The Declaration of Independence" by 13 British North American colonies in 1776 and the "Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens" passed by the National Assembly of France in 1789 are two of the most important documents ever written in the history of Western Civilization. Both the documents were greatly influenced by the Age of Enlightenment and the

Theories of John Locke
Words: 1014 Length: 3 Document Type: Term Paper

John Locke Locke's Theories of "Property" & Taxation According to John Locke, the 17th century English political and social philosopher, although the entire earth and all its riches have been gifted by God to all men (and as such are the common property of the entire mankind), every individual has a "property" in his own "person." Thus the origin of all "property" is in each "person" himself. This "property" of the

Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help

Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.

Get Started Now