¶ … positive and negative consequences of day care on a child's psychological development.
NEGATIVE OUTCOMES
When the child is enrolled in day care for twenty or more hours a week, parents experience difficulty in handling the children [Belsky et al., p.556-678]. Usually the behavioral problems are related to aggression, or defiance.
If a child is spending the first 3 crucial years at the day care, the parent-child bond is likely to be effected. This can lead to feelings of insecurity, low self-esteem, low self-confidence and inability to form close relationships.
POSITIVE OUTCOMES
The children in day care have the higher levels of verbal and mathematical abilities [Broberg et al., p.62-69]. Thus, children spending a fair amount of time in quality day care before forty months of age have higher cognitive test scores. Their cognitive abilities are reflected by the language development and competence.
The day care quality is also associated with children's socio-emotional development [Peisner-Feinberg and Burchinal, p.451-477]. Children in group day care have greater opportunities to interact with other children of similar age group. They show more interest and participate more frequently in group tasks and are socially competent. And children in day care also experience lower levels of separation anxiety.
CONCLUSION:
Children are affected in many ways by the day care set up they have been enrolled into. Those effects can be positive or negative, depending on the quality of day care, the quality & amount of time a child spends at day care and with parents. The effects are manifested through behavioral problems. And positive effects can be manifested through a child's cognitive and social development. The risks are there when it comes to enrolling the child in a day care. But it has its own benefits as well.
References
Belsky, J., Woodworth, S., & Crnic, K. (1996). Trouble in the second year: Three questions about family interaction. Child Development, 67, 556-578.
Broberg, A., Wessels, H., Lamb, M., & Hwang, C. (1997). Effects of day care on the development of cognitive abilities in 8-year-olds: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 33, 62-69.
Peisner-Feinberg, E. & Burchinal, M. (1997). Relations between preschool children's child-care experiences and concurrent development: The cost, quality, and outcomes study. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 43, 451-477.
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