Police Roles and Functions: Similar to the teaching and medicine field, policing is a field that has close or intimate connections with social life, change, and progress. Police agencies are part of the complex network of law enforcement in the United States. While these agencies are distributed across the local, state, and federal governmental levels, they have varying degrees of specialty. Despite of these differing degrees of specialty across the police agencies, they work closely with each other and other elements of the criminal justice system. In the United States, police agencies have a variety of functions that range from protecting the society to intercepting the transportation of illegal drugs. However, the role and function of a specific police agency is basically dependent on its location and jurisdiction in law enforcement. Nonetheless, policing and police agencies generally originated as a means of social control, especially to respond to the need for crime prevention.

Functions of a Police Agency:

Since police officers and agencies are integral parts of the criminal justice system, these agencies have various functions that are broadly classified into patrol, community, investigative, and crime fighting categories. Under the patrol category, these agencies are responsible for preventive perambulation activities that are geared towards identifying law-breaking conditions and identification of threats to public safety. During their patrolling duties, the police officers are required to impose all applicable regulations and identify and arrest individuals who breach these laws. Through random or routine patrols,...

During this process, the agency develops and maintains the sources of intelligent information that are related to a specific criminal activity or issue. The investigations are opened after criminal activities are reviewed and related information is collected. The investigations help in processing arrested individuals, preparing written reports and documenting evidence that could assist in prosecution.
The community and crime fighting functions of police agencies entail conducting community projects aimed at enhancing security and safety and conducting crime prevention initiatives respectively. Crime fighting also involves enforcement of law and order throughout the entire community.

Local, State, and Federal Police Agencies:

As previously mentioned, police agencies basically differ at the local, state, and federal governments. The difference in the levels of government determines the functions and jurisdictions of the specific police agency. The difference in police agencies in each of these governmental levels is also evident in the different structures of these agencies. However, these agencies work at all levels to maintain order and protect citizens through enforcement of the law.

The functions of the local police agencies fall under the patrolling…