What are the disadvantages to the classic experiment?
The primary disadvantage of an experiment is that the controls imposed by a researcher to control for rival causation may create artificial conditions that alter the ability for the results of the study to be generalized to other populations. This is known as artificiality. Other disadvantages include difficulty in mimicking real-life situations in experimental situations, difficulty in retaining subjects, increased ethical considerations, researcher bias, higher risks to internal and external validity, and more difficult generalization of findings.
Differentiate between probability sampling and non-probability sampling.
Probability sampling refers to samples that permit estimation of the likelihood of each element of the population being selected in the sample. These include simple random samples, where each element has an equal likelihood of being placed in each group, stratified random samples, which include placement in a group based on a single demographic characteristic with all other variables as random and equal, cluster sampling, or grouping based on clusters, rather than random assignment, systematic sampling, or the sampling of a specific single occurrence within a group, such as using every eighth soil sample, and multi-stage sampling, or a combination of the above methods. Non-probability samples refer to any sample that violates the concept of equal likelihood of placement. These include quota samples, or stratified samples for a single purpose, accidental samples, such as 'person on the street' sampling, and purposive samples, or samples chosen for a specific variable.
What is the purpose of probability sampling?
Probability sampling provides ways to select samples in which every unit in the test population has an equal chance of appearing in a single sample. This is necessary, since random sampling, and equality of sampling is needed in order to generalize findings to the wider population. By using probability samples, researchers are ensuring a random selection of the population, helping to raise confidence limits, so degree of error is smaller.
Differentiate between the types of probability sampling...
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