Validity the Types of Reliability Used Consist

¶ … Validity

The types of reliability used consist of test-retest reliability and internal consistency where the types of validity that were used are construct validity and criterion validity (vmiman). The test-retest reliability is an assessment of the similarity of scores on a particular scale over two or more test occasions. The Pearson correlation coefficients are used to quantify the similarity between the scale scores over two or more occasions. Stability coefficients provide an important indicator of a test's likely usefulness of measurement.

Internal consistency is known as scale homogeneity and is an assessment of the ability of the items in a scale to measure the same construct or trait. A parameter can be computed that indexes how well the items in a scale contribute to the overall measurement. A scale is internally consistent if all the constituent item responses are positively associated with their scale score. The most common is Cronbach's Alpha. Reliability is measured first to place an upper limit on validity.

Two key areas of validity are criterion validity and construct validity. Construct validity has two parts. The characteristic is a test measuring the psychologically meaningfulness and consistency with the test definition. The validation investigates the soundness and relevance of a proposed interpretation. Criterion validity involves translating a score into a prediction concerning what could be expected if another variable was observed. It has two forms. Predictive validity assesses the prediction capability where concurrent validity assesses whether the scores can be used in prediction.

Finance and aesthetics coefficients show a good amount reliability being above 0.80. All the other coefficients show a fair amount of reliability being between 0.50 and 0.80. The achievement and infrequency coefficients could be problematic being on the low end of fair reliability at 0.53 and 0.52. The achievement scale may be problematic because it is still in the trial stage and has not been updated. The infrequency scale was unreliable because of abnormal distribution.

Validity shows strengths with the highest correlation with Affection and Affiliation, Traditional and Moral, and Financial Status and Altruism. Acquiescence and Central Tendency showed high correlation, but shared a significant number of items, which can be problematic in measurement. The results showed a fair amount of overlap between constructs that may be problematic in the measurement of individual constructs.

Sample and population size and distribution can influence constructs as males may think differently because of biological and psychological makeup compared to females. Financial status can affect the results depending on financial status of the participants and the mixture of incomes. Gender diversity may also affect the results depending on the proportions of the participants and the other variables that can be affected. With a proper mix of gender, gender diversity can be strength to provide an overall picture of results.