¶ … new reading program on a student's ability to learn to read. Because the program is designed specifically for helping new readers learn basic reading skills the experimenter chooses only beginning first-grade students as the population of interest. Thus, as the subject variable is one that cannot be the target of random assignment (you cannot randomly assigned subjects to the first-grade) a nonequivalent control group pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design is selected as the preferential design (Cozby & Bates, 2012). Moreover, it is often not feasible for programs like this to randomly assign different students within the same classroom to different breeding programs as there is typically only one teacher teaching the first graders and such a design would be cumbersome and most likely the study rejected by the school system. Thus, the incoming first-grade students are given a basic reading pretest at the beginning of the school year, and then one section or one of the first-grade teachers in a school uses the traditional reading instruction for first graders (control group), whereas a different teacher in a different classroom uses the new reading program (treatment group). At...
rather than the reading program (Thompson, Diamond, McWilliam, Snyder, & Snyder, 2005). One way to control for this threat by using a true experiment would be to randomly assign students in each classroom to either the treatment or control condition and then have the teacher teach groups of students differently; however, as discussed above this would be very cumbersome.
2009). The greater the extent to which a young person identified with homeless culture, the more likely he or she was to be an abuser of drugs and alcohol. Although this cultural factor was the strongest correlative factor, the other domains in the study likewise were highly correlated with substance abuse amongst homeless young people. The authors stated that although drug abuse is often seen as a problem by social
Comparing and Contrasting Experimental and Correlational Research DesignsThe two research methods are both quantitative research methods. Experimental research designs are mainly used to investigate causal relationships and studying relationships between one variable and another. Correlational research designs mainly try to establish if there is a relationship between two variables. Correlational research is nonexperimental because the researcher will be measuring two variables and assessing their statistical relationship. While experimental research will
Correlational Design Problems in Correlational Research Design In an attempt to determine how school children develop an interest in science -- more specifically, what factors might work to influence scientific interest in children -- a group of researchers has created and validated a measure of actual scientific interest. Equipped with this means of measuring their dependent variable, the researchers must now go about the task of determining what independent variables should be
Today, social science researchers have a wide range of research methods available for criminology and criminal justice applications, divided generally between quantitative and qualitative methods. Although quantitative and qualitative research methods share some commonalities with respect to their overarching objectives, there are some fundamental differences involved that must be taken into account when selecting an optimal research strategy for a given research enterprise. The purpose of this paper was to
Some descriptive observation can even be unethical, if the subjects are unaware of the fact they are being observed. Historical research is similar to descriptive research in that it cannot, by virtue of its retrospective nature, affect the variables in question under tightly controlled conditions. A historian may examine historical or past trends in a descriptive or comparative way, and test a hypothesis by examining different types of data, like
Psychology Research Methods Imagine studying correlation research. Is there a possibility that this measure can get used in an actual psychology study? What does a positive, negative or zero correlation mean? Can a relationship exist between two variables? One will study in depth correlation through much evaluation and research. The correlational research method is appropriate when an individual wants to study two different variables to see if there is a link between
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