¶ … Culture and the United States Comparative Analysis of a World Culture and the United States

Comparative Analysis of the United States and China

In 1492, Christopher Columbus explored the area now included in the United States. The chief nations that established their colonies in the present United States were England, Spain, and France. The Spaniard Pedro Menendez de Aviles founded the first permanent settlement in the present America in 1565 whereas it was in 1607 that the first permanent English settlement was made at Jamestown (Virginia). The American Revolution (1775 -- 1783) resulted in the freedom of the Thirteen Colonies and also expanded governmental representation. The Revolution also "advanced the movement for separation of church and state in America, increased opportunities for westward expansion, and brought the abolition of the remnants of feudal land tenure" ("United States," 2009).

The history of China is usually examined as an uninterrupted development with definite monotonous tendencies. The Shang dynasty (c.1523 -- 1027 B.C.) is the first in known Chinese history. Other notable dynasties include Chou dynasty, Confucius, Lao Tzu, Mencius, Tsin, Sui, T'ang, Sung and Ming. The centralized imperial system was first established by the semi-barbarous Ch'in dynasty (221 -- 206 B.C.) during which the construction of The Great Wall began. The period under Han dynasty (202 B.C. -- A.D. 220) is distinguished "for long peaceable rule, expansionist policies, and great artistic achievement" ("China," 2009).

Geography

The contiguous America may be divided into 7 extensive physiographic divisions; "from east to west, the Atlantic -- Gulf Coastal Plain; the Appalachian Highlands; the Interior Plains; the Interior Highlands; the Rocky Mountain System; the Intermontane Region; and the Pacific Mountain System" ("United States," 2009). The Laurentian Uplands, a Canadian Shield part, is considered as the eighth division of the United States ("United States," 2009). The country also has an extensive range of climates. The deserts of the basin and range province are found in the south-western America with the hottest and desiccated spots. The wettest parts of the country are found in the Pacific Northwest ("United States," 2009).

China, on the other hand, may be divided into "the 12,000-ft-high (3,660-m) Tibetan plateau, bounded in the N. By the Kunlun mountain system;...

The China proper is inhabited by 4/5 of the country's population and is divided into three regions; North China, Central China and South China. China is a large country and its climate can be generally depicted as wet in the summer and dry in the wintry weather ("China," 2009).
Government

The Constitution of the United States (adopted by the 1787 Constitutional Convention) supports a federal republic as the government of the United States. The power is divided between the federal government and the state governments. There are 3 branches in the federal government i.e. The executive, the legislative, and the judicial. The President of the country has the executive power and in case of the incapacity of the President, the Vice President has this power. The President (executive authority) carries out the governmental business of the country supported by a cabinet that consists of "the Attorney General and the Secretaries of the Departments of State; Treasury; Defense; Interior; Agriculture; Commerce; Labor; Health and Human Services; Education; Housing and Urban Development; Transportation; Energy; and Veterans' Affairs" ("United States," 2009). The legislative branch of the government i.e. The Congress is bicameral and is consisted of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Supreme Court of the United States heads the judicial branch which is structured by the federal courts ("United States," 2009).

On the other hand, China is a one-party state wherein the genuine authority lies with the Chinese Communist party. The 1982 Constitution is followed in the country. The National People's Congress (NPC) is the unicameral legislature. It consists of deputies who are elected to a period of 5 years indirectly. The National People's Congress has the authority to make decisions related to the national economic strategy. It also holds the power to vote for or confiscate high officeholders. Moreover, the NPC can also change the country's constitution. The President is the head of state and the Premier is the head of government and they are included in the executive branch. The NPC elects the President for a term of 5 years whereas the President nominates the premier who is then approved by…