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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Case Study

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cyanotic & Barrel-Chested: Cyanosis is a discoloration of the lips, nail bed, eyes, and/or palms (Potter, Perry, 1997). During the nursing assessment, the nurse inspects the patient according to the assessment chart, which includes the category of 'color'. Cyanosis is the appearance of a bluish discoloration (Potter, Perry, 1997) effecting the aforementioned parts of the body. The condition of barrel chested appearance is often a sign of emphysema in its later stages (Rosenow, 2010). The significance of these conditions indicates a circulation problem, certainly affecting the extremities including the phalanges.

Sputum Production, Cough, & Dyspnea: Sputum production as well as the coughing indicates mucus production and the practice of clearing the throat of excessive sputum production (Potter, Perry, 1997) Dyspnea is a clinician's term for hypoxia (Potter, Perry, 1997). Dyspnea is a sign that correlates to the diagnosis of an upper/lower respiratory disorder.

Bronchitis: The symptoms displayed indicate chronic bronchitis...

The blue lips from the cyanosis along with the sputum and cough are collectively symptomatic of COPD.
Respiratory Rate: The typical respiratory rate for an adult suffering from COPD is 12-20 bpm (Respiratory Assessment, pg. 10, 2011) very rather high respiratory rate of 25 bpm indicates a value outside of the aforementioned range. The tidal volume of 400ml is rather low or is 80% of the normal 500ml value (Potter, Perry, 1997). This indicates decreased diaphragm and lung activity. [1: http://www.scribd.com/doc/19239715/Respiratory-Assessment]

Vital Capacity: The patient's capacity of 80% indicates an average flow value of air measured in volume to be 3840ml after a maximal inhalation (Potter, Perry, 1997). This is a sign of a decrease in respiratory muscle strength (Potter, Perry, 1997), as a function of aging (Potter, Perry, 1997).

FEV1: A value of 60% normal indicates a mild obstruction (Bass, 2009) in the maximal volume of air forcefully exhaled in one second (Bass,…

Sources used in this document:
References

Bass, P. Forced Expiratory Volume-What Is Forced Expiratory Volume? 2009 http://asthma.about.com/od/glossary/g/def_fev1.htm

Leader, D. Arterial Blood Gases. Illustrated Guide to Diagnostic Tests. Springhouse Corporation. 1998. http://copd.about.com/od/glossaryofcopdterms/g/abgs.htm

Potter P., Perry AG. Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts, Process, and Practice. Fourth Edition. 1997. Mosby-Year Book, Inc.

Respiratory Assessment. http://www.scribd.com/doc/19239715/Respiratory-Assessment
Rosenow MD. EC. What causes barrel chest? August 7, 2010. © 1998-2011 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/barrel-chest/AN00359
Yip R. Significance of an abnormally low or high hemoglobin concentration during pregnancy: special consideration of iron nutrition. 2000 http://www.ajcn.org/content/72/1/272S.full
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