¶ … Trumpets
In the appendix to his book Certain Trumpets, author Garry Wills states, "I was not looking for the greatest or best leaders but those who can be seen, at some point in their career, exemplifying a distinctive kind of leadership," (271). For each of the sixteen leadership styles Wills outlines, he puts forth one notable human figure who he feels most aptly demonstrates through their life the essential features of that kind of leader. What each of these disparate leaders demonstrates, in spite of their differences, is a sphere of influence specific to their lifestyles, cultural context, personality, and talents. Each of these leaders was successful in leaving an impact on the world even though their approaches to leadership differed greatly. Eleanor Roosevelt, an almost reluctant leader who walked solidly between the two poles of radicalism and conservatism, exemplified the ability to execute reform in American political and social realities. Her Victorian upbringing and values prevented her from becoming a dynamic, charismatic leader, but her dedication and solid rationality made her extremely successful in affecting change. Roosevelt deftly used her position as First Lady to accomplish her goals, which ranged from feminist causes to helping the poor. Ironically, her dispassionate personal life and her initial dependence on men were precisely what make Eleanor Roosevelt a true reformist, for she affirmed the need not for radical breaks from the past but rather for grounded, steady progress. Both Mary Baker Eddy and Dorothy Day had a wilder streak and applied this fervent spirit to their life's work. Eddy and Day, unlike Roosevelt, rooted their actions in an almost mystical, visionary spirituality that Roosevelt would have thought to be too radical. Eddy and Day also employed tactics in their leadership that Roosevelt might have frowned upon, for the First Lady "would not break the law" as Day did nor would she have retreated to a spiritualist inner world as Eddy had (63). However, all three of these American women share several features in common, having made deep impacts on the worlds of politics, women's lives, and socio-cultural realities in spite of personal hardships and the essential struggle of being a woman in a male-dominated society.
Eleanor Roosevelt, unlike Dorothy Day or Mary Baker Eddy, grew up a woman of privilege and lived largely in the lap of luxury throughout her life. As Wills notes, "She did not renounce wealth or position but used both to good purpose," (54). Capitalizing further on her White House connections, Eleanor Roosevelt has made for herself a name and legacy that few people cannot admire. While Dorothy Day and Mary Baker Eddy were not destitute, they did not experience the level of economic or political power that Roosevelt did. Moreover, both Mary Baker Eddy and Dorothy Day created enough controversy in their lives to warrant significant criticism from various camps. While Wills admits that Roosevelt too did and still does have critics on both the right and the left, the First Lady did and still does command respect. Eleanor Roosevelt, unlike Dorothy Day especially, was essentially asexual and prudish, probably due to her Victorian upbringing. However, these three women were nearly contemporaries and none of them would have experienced the full brunt of women's sexual liberation that occurred more than halfway through the twentieth century. In fact, all three of them struggled with their roles as women, as wives, and as mothers. Roosevelt married early and resented her dependency on her husband's family. She felt uncomfortable and inadequate as a mother too, for her children were in large part usurped by her in-laws, molded by them and cared for by strangers. Wills states that she felt "uneasy" as a mother, even as a "failure" in that role (57). Similarly, Eddy must have been supremely uneasy in the maternal role, as she gave up her only child for adoption when he was six years old. Dorothy Day also had a tumultuous time as a mother, being forced to leave the father of her child because he refused to marry her and the church refused to Baptize her unwed. Unlike Eddy or Roosevelt, Day had several affairs and numerous pregnancies including at least one abortion; yet like Roosevelt, she too was not completely liberated and disdained lesbian behavior, which she witnessed while in jail. None of these women found comfort or solace in traditional female roles as wives or mothers, yet each channeled their maternal energies into their respective projects.
Like Eleanor Roosevelt, Mary Baker Eddy was caught at the crossroads of Victorianism and modernity....
Leaders How did these eight leaders (George Washington, Socrates, Mary Baker, Carl Stotz, Martha Graham, Martin Luther King Jr., Cesare Borgia and Dorothy Day) challenge, shape, and/or change history All of these leaders played an important part in changing and shaping history. George Washington, Socrates and Martin Luther King Jr. all transformed the way nations as well people looked at themselves. This was achieved by each of these men standing up for
If management tries to deal with excessive control, hoping that it could gain the returns from efficiency, it, however, looses the gains of group interactions and feelings. In other words, too much control may lead to the group dysfunction. On the other hand, too much concern for harmony or closeness leads to groupthink or the inability of group members to think critically and vocalize disagreements with others (Wills, 69-71).
More recently two schools of military history have developed that attempt to consider its object from a more eclectic, objective perspective, dubbed the "New Military History" and "War and Society" history. New Military History "refers to a partial turning away from the great captains, and from weapons, tactics, and operations as the main concerns of the historical study of war," and instead focusing on "the interaction of war with society,
This is not really a typical swing rhythm, however. Jazz musicians almost always play eighth notes straighter than that, except perhaps in the style known as the shuffle. A correct ratio for swing cannot be given precisely. Different musicians tend to interpret swing in different ways. Earlier jazz musicians tended to play with a more exaggerated swing. Some styles of jazz - especially hybrids of jazz with other forms
Fantasia 1940 1.5 James Algar Samuel Armstrong, Fantasia (1940), Walt Disney Pictures, 120 min. -- ALS • symphony- an extended composition of a full orchestra, with several movements that are distinct from one another. A number of classical musicians composed symphonies (Webster's New World Dictionary, 1977, p. 1287) • melody -- a sequence of single tones to produce a rhythmic whole (Webster's New World Dictionary, 1977, p. 885). Melodies are oftentimes the
Drums, piano, and bass all remain strictly rhythmic elements of this piece, though the latter two also provide melodic and harmonic support to this smooth yet snappy piece that is not quite a ballad yet is not nearly up-tempo enough to be considered be-bop. Johnson drives with his sticks on the drums with some liberal symbol use, and Brown keeps a steady bass line moving underneath the melody and
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