Reasonable Suspicion and 4th Amendment Law in U.S. v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266 (2001)
Title and Citation: U.S. v. Arvizu, 534 U.S. 266 (2001)
Type of Action: Review by the U.S. Supreme Court of a ruling made by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, which held that evidence should be suppressed as a result of a violation of the Fourth Amendment right to privacy and protection from unwarranted and unreasonable search and seizure. The federal government sought to overturn the motion to suppress that was upheld by the Ninth Circuit.
Facts of the Case: On a January afternoon in 1998 Border Patrol agent Clinton Stoddard was manning a checkpoint on U.S. Highway 191, located north of Douglas, Arizona. At approximately 2:15 P.M. A motion sensor was tripped and Stoddard was notified that a vehicle was traversing an infrequently travelled road -- evidence used by Border Patrol agents to detect possible cases of drug or human smuggling from the nearby American/Mexican border. Despite this occurring at the time agents were supposed switch shifts, Stoddard elected to investigate further.
After reaching the vehicle which tripped the sensor, Stoddard discovered it to be a minivan -- yet another indicator of smuggling activity. According to Stoddard's report, the minivan's driver -- Ralph Arvizu -- began acting suspiciously when he saw Stoddard approach, averting eye contact...
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