The two more prominent types were breast and colon cancer. Even though medical community considers a patients with family history of breast or colon cancer high risk, there is a common tendency to not focus too much on hereditary aspect. While this may have opened new avenues of research, this has also stifled the research in the field of cancer genetics as Lynch felt back in 1960s.
"Henry T. Lynch thought that he had discovered the existence of hereditary cancers among Nebraskan families in the 1960s, his hope was that it would lead to more effective means of cancer control. Lynch argued that the identification of such cancers offered tremendous opportunities for improving detection and treatment. If cancer ran in families, he claimed, the discovery of a hereditary cancer in one family member should be an alert to the possibility of cancer in others, and so prompt careful scrutiny for any signs that might indicate the presence of the disease in "healthy" individuals. However, in the 1960s and 1970s & #8230;cancer experts doubted his claim to have identified hereditary cancers, and ACS education efforts routinely stated that cancer was not a hereditary disease. Thus, Lynch's scheme for improving cancer detection and treatment seemed to falter almost before it began." (Cantor, 2006)
Following Lynch's research however, more people entered the field and began investigating the connection between cancer and heredity. Knudson in his research found that gene mutation plays a key role. He found that while people with positive family history are at a great risk of developing some types of cancers, almost equal number of people with apparent lack of family history of cancer can develop the same type. He consulted many researches and discovered that the reason behind this was bilaterally affected parents. The children of such parents were equally at risk even if there was no family history of cancer. However children of unilaterally affected parents with no family history had a very low risk of developing certain type of cancer. He also then explained how gene mutation differed in hereditary and non-hereditary types of cancer.
Discussing the case of retinoblastoma, Knudson explained that this is one type of cancer which has often been connected with genes. But...
Common approaches to further exploring the anxiety experienced by adolescent daughters of cancer patients have commonly included qualitative measures. Spira and Kenemore (2004) small vignettes of actual interviews are presented as to give further insight to the anxious tendencies regarding changes in familial roles and the relationship with their mother. This approach has several cons, including the in-depth exposition of intimate fears regarding such changes and loses. It can also
HuGE Cancer Epidemiology HuGE Study Masson, L. Sharp, S.C. Cotton and J. Little. Cytochrome P-450 1A1 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Breast Cancer: A HuGE Review. Am. J. Epidemiol. (15 May 2005) 161 (10): 901-915. Category of HuGE Information The types of information available from the article: Prevalence of gene variant Gene-disease association Gene-environment interaction Gene-gene interaction Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A1 plays a key role in phase I metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and in estrogen metabolism. It is
Breast Cancer in Malaysia Breast cancer has turned out to be one of the most common cancers in women in almost every part of the world. Nonetheless, there is a noticeable geographical difference in the incidence and also the stage of presentation. It has ben documented to be uppermost in North Europe and North America, in-between in Mediterranean nations and South America, and not high at all in Asia and Africa
Breast Cancer Pathophysiology Breast Cancer Advanced Pathophysiology Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. There are three general determinants associated with the cause of the disease: heredity factors, environmental factors, and hormonal factors. The risk of developing breast cancer increases with age, as 78% of cases are diagnosed in women ages 50 and older. Risk factors are distinguished by their respective etiological influences, such as family history, lifestyle, and
women living in Western society will develop breast cancer during her lifetime. Germline mutations in BRCA1, a breast cancer tumor suppressor gene, are responsible for 50% of inherited breast cancers and 90% of combined inherited breast and ovarian cancers. The BRCA1 protein, BRCA1p, is involved in many important cellular pathways, including regulation of the cell cycle, DNA repair, transcription, and cell proliferation. It has been shown to bind over
cancer genes that are associated with breast cancer. Scientists have known for years that the most common breast cancer genes are BRCA1 AND BRCA2, but there are many more than those two genes that scientists now much cope with. Another aspect of the focus is on whether or not to tell a woman that she has genes that might lead to breast cancer; the ethical questions are serious and
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