Biology
Species
Species D
In evolutionary biology, parsimony is similar to the Ockham's razor hypothesis, or that nature will use the simplest method possible to effect change over time.
Phylogenetic systematics is the manner in which biologists reconstruct the pattern of events that have led to evolution and the distribution of unique species. The statement "DNA is the genetic material for all prokaryotes and eukaryotes" implies that DNA is the locus material for evolutionary change.
Assumptions include that there is a strong possibility that some evolutionary changes occur in a regular, clock-like manner. For instance, over millions of years, mutations build up in DNA at a reliable rate, and then are expressed in regular changes.
These assumptions may be violated based on punctuated evolution and/or environmental changes (climate, population, extinctions, or gaps in the ecological system) that change the nature of the timing of mutation expression.
C. Yes, using molecular clocks to estimate divergence of species depends on other methods of dating that are relative. Additionally, MC analysis can be modified to look for chemical changes and reactions within the cellular structure.
Part 6 -- It is virtually impossible for a tetraploid plant to interbreed with diploid individuals due to the number of chromosomes within the process of autopolyploid. Diploids have two sets of chromosomes,...
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