S. history, algebra, or life science" (Echevarria & Short 5). Students receive academic support in abstract-level reasoning as well as instruction in ESL. SIOP classrooms are extremely individuated, to take advantage of different levels of academic as well as linguistic proficiency.
Perhaps the most valuable insight of the BICS/CALS model is that it highlights how "problems arise when teachers and administrators think that a child is proficient in a language when they demonstrate good social English" (Hayes 2004, cited by Hernandez). For example, the child of Cambodian immigrants might have great experience in interpreting for their parents, and know how to speak English at a high level to order in a restaurant or to talk to customers at their parent's store, but they may have had little education in conventional academic subjects. In contrast, some ESL students have "strong academic backgrounds before they came to the U.S." And are even above equivalent grade levels in the school's curricula, in math and science" (Echevarria & Short 3). They are comfortable with abstract thinking, even if their English may be weak on a spoken level -- perhaps even weaker than students whose grammar and academic education needs far more substantial support.
Other students "arrive at our schoolhouse doors with very limited formal schooling -- perhaps due to war in their native countries or the remote, rural location of their home. These students are not literate in their native languages" and have little experience with formal schooling (Echevarria & Short 3-4). These...
These people are also, reportedly, more creative, and also excellent at problem solving. One Moroccan individual was injured in an accident, she was a bi-lingual, and she could speak both French and Arabic before the accident. During her recovery, she found to her amazement, tat she could speak French one day but not Arabic, and one day, Arabic and not French. After three months, she could speak both fluently. Today,
Applying a Literacy Framework to Career Decisions Based on Language Development. PROPOSAL SECTION 1: BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT For a while now, a new outlook on literacy, as well as learning processes using which literacy may be acquired, is seen to be emerging. A broad range of educational disciplines has influenced this latest outlook on literacy and its instruction. The perspective is not a collection of old ideas presented under a different name,
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