Clifford supports his thesis by telling two stories. In the first, he discusses a man who has doubts that his ships is sea worthy, but assumes that it will make the journey because it has done so many times in the past. After the men die at sea because of the poor construction of the ship, Clifford argues that the ship owner is to blame for their deaths. If the ship does not sink and no men die, however, Clifford's position is that the owner is no less guilty. Instead, a wrong has been committed in simply believing that the ship will be sound with no evidence. In the second story, Clifford suggests that some people of power sincerely believe that others are abusing their power in a horrendous way. Because of this, these people make many publications and accusations regarding those who are believed to be abusing their power. Whether these people are found guilty or innocent, though, is not the matter. Since the people who accused them did so before a formal investigation was had, and before evidence was had, they are wrong, whether they have done a public service or not. Thus, Clifford's thesis is that it is always wrong for anyone to believe without evidence. He supports this thesis by two easy to understand stories or parables.
Reading Three
In his...
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