¶ … Based Learning with Victims of Bulling Behavior" by Kimberly Hall (2006) suggests that in addition to a comprehensive school anti-bullying initiative, the unique concerns of students bullied by other students must be addressed. She advises specific student group therapy sessions, where victims can make use of a technique known as Problem-Based Learning (PBL). In this technique, small groups of victimized middle school students are given a fictional scenario about another, bullied student and attempt to find solutions to his or her problem in an objective manner. This is supposed to help students develop more constructive strategies to adopt when they are being bullied. Hall grants that the study design was problematic in terms of how its efficacy was difficult to measure, given its small size and the subjectivity of its nature -- teachers and counselors would report if students seemed to use more assertive behavior. However, the technique was judged, in general, to be helpful for the students.
Another problem with the method, however, unaddressed by the article (which is generally positive in tone) is that it essentially penalizes the bullied student, by forcing the student to engage in extra counseling sessions, rather than addressing why bullying is supported by the environment of the school or why bullies are engaged in negative behavior. The nature of the endeavor seems to 'blame the victim.' Additionally, it is unclear if Problem-Based Learning might be any more or less effective than, for example, assertiveness training, which would not treat the students as victims, and define their identities as victims of bullying but would provide them with more general strategies for coping with their lives overall in a more empowered fashion. In short, the PBL technique does not seem to provide fully effective counseling for students with low self-esteem, who may or may not be the targets of bullies, and only treats one half of the problem of bullying in school.
Works Cited
Hall, Kimberly. (Feb 2006) "Using Problem-Based Learning with Victims of Bulling
Behavior." ASCA. 9:3
Student Retention and Effective Strategies for Promoting Personal Success Annotated Bibliography Foundations of Problem-Based Learning (Savin-Baden & Major, 2004) This book represents one of the first attempts to compile a comprehensive text that introduces problem-based learning. Problem-based learning can be thought of as a pedagogy that is focused on providing students open-ended problems to solve. This methodology first appeared in medical schools and has since been applied to many disciplines and the academic
Learning a language: Gaining fluency in a language to be free The acquisition of language is never a culturally neutral process. When someone learns his or her first or even a second language, that individual also acquires a status in the eyes of the world, based upon how that language is perceived. The race of the speaker, his or her perceived level of education, gender, and race all interact with the
A dog hits a lever when it sees a light that signifies that it will be shocked. A person takes medicine before having certain foods that he or she knows will cause a stomachache (Sidman, 2006, p. 136). Above, the differences between operant and classical conditioning were noted. However, sometimes the distinction is blurred. In biofeedback, for instance, psychologists feed back information to the patients regarding their physiologic processes, which
Within each of these are discriminatory and generalized patterns of learning; and can be incorporated into learning models. My own learning style is a combination of listening (learning from others) and then doing. It depends on the material; for any tactile operation, I find it easier to understand by touching and manipulating than simply reading in a manual how to perform the task. I believe I make clear use of
Summary/synthesis of what I learned The goal of the probation program is to help offenders to change for the better and to maintain that change. The probation program also works to ensure communities remain safe even while offenders are given a chance to re-integrate. The mission of probation is to ensure public safety through motivating offenders to change and to lead lives that are free of crime. The mission is achieved
learn how the law works by memorizing a set of rules or theorems. A misconception lies in the commonly asked question, "What is the law?" -- since it presupposes that it's all laid out somewhere on great stone tablets. The truth is that the answer often is, "It depends." As you'll soon discover the legal system basically is a method of applying abstract rules or social policy to concrete
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
Get Started Now