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Attitude Nature Stats Attitudes Table Data Analysis Chapter

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The result of this all is a relatively high value for the first standard deviation, which corresponds to meaningful Kurtosis but very little skew -- Table 1 reveals less than .01 skewness, which means the results are highly symmetric (Brown, 2008-2012, n.p.). Negative Kurtosis reflects the concentration of data in these shoulders (DeCarlo, 1997, p. 294), which is supported by two modes one either side of the mean-median (Figure 2, Appendix IV shows this bimodality, not revealed in Figure 1). While this indicates less than normality and warns that parametric inferential statistics should be scrutinized carefully and non-parametrics (CHI-Squared; rank-sum; Wilcoxon's, etc.) run for corroboration in case the 100 value turns out to be an outlier, these results show more symmetry than is often encountered, and bode well for the robustness of inferential relationship between "Attitudes" and other variables should any such relationships arise. The grand result is that for this sample, the results are what they are, displayed in Table 2. Once those results are grouped into classes and displayed in a frequency histogram, the resulting concentration around the mean where median and mean are roughly one percent apart, with symmetrical data in the shoulders...

While not perfectly normal, this distribution will return far more results of interest than is often revealed in such samples, where high skew or concentration of data in the tails reduces the ability to generalize to the population.
References

Brown, S. (2008-2012). Measures of shape: Skewness and Kurtosis. Dryden, New York:

Tompkins Cortland Community College. Retrieved from http://www.tc3.edu/instruct/sbrown/stat/shape.htm

DeCarlo, L.T. (1997). On the meaning and use of Kurtosis. Psychological Methods 2(3), 292-

307. Retrieved from www.columbia.edu/~ld208/psymeth97.pdf

APPENDIX I

Table 1

APPENDIX II

Table 2

APPENDIX III

Figure 1

APPENDIX 1V

Figure 2

Sources used in this document:
References

Brown, S. (2008-2012). Measures of shape: Skewness and Kurtosis. Dryden, New York:

Tompkins Cortland Community College. Retrieved from http://www.tc3.edu/instruct/sbrown/stat/shape.htm

DeCarlo, L.T. (1997). On the meaning and use of Kurtosis. Psychological Methods 2(3), 292-

307. Retrieved from www.columbia.edu/~ld208/psymeth97.pdf
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