367 Although the incidence of deadly force use has likely remained steady in the first five categories, Russell and Beigel emphasize that based on the increased attention being directed at the "stake-out and drugs" category, these rates are likely much higher today. What quickly emerges from these foregoing trends, though, is just how quickly even innocuous encounters such as stops for traffic offenses with ordinary citizens can escalate to the

Force by Police and Correctional Officers in the United States Today Beginning with the high-profile case of Rodney King in March 1991, the proliferation of cellular telephones equipped with cameras has resulted in an increasing number of video accounts by American citizens concerning the use of force against criminal suspects who are in many cases members of minority groups (Winright, 2007). Not surprisingly, this trend has also prompted calls for

Police Reform in Post-Authoritarian Brazil A majority of new democracies entail an unbelievable illogicality of an immensely feeble citizenship coalesced with a stern description of the constitutional guarantees. In order to explicate this disparity it would be prudent to contemplate the significance of political institutions regarding representation of citizen, which were prevalent subsequent to the military establishments attributed as troublesome and a majority of the new restrictions. A few defined in

Victims of a Meaningless Show of Force Language Analysis: In the article "Victims of a Meaningless Show of Force" the author uses language to express her point that police firing on two polar bears was unacceptable behavior and as the author says "it was illogical, unfair, and a meaningless show of force." While this statement makes her opinion clear, the author also uses language to create the same opinion in the reader. The

Racism and Police ViolenceCan’t you just shoot them? – Former U.S. President Donald J. Trump in response to Black Lives Matter racial justice protesters exercising their lawful First Amendment rights, Summer 2020The epigraph above reflects one prominent, old white man’s longing for the “good old days” when white police officers in the United States could hurt or even kill minority members in general and African Americans in particular with impunity.

SARA Model The Scanning Analysis Response Assessment (SARA) Model of problem-oriented policing is an effective guide that essentially takes the form of "action research" in the sense that police participate in the problem-identifying/problem-solving method of investigation and testing (Center for Problem-Oriented Policing, 2016). SARA can therefore be applied in a realistic setting with positive impact, thus meeting the need for police officers to take a structured approach to problem solving