Ancient Greece developed eastern side Mediterranean a series loosely connected City-States. Here seeds modern science. Greek philosophers / scientists, Plato Aristotle (Hellenic Era) wealth devote time study natural phenomena, abstract ideas mathematics, astronomy..ID
Ancient Greece: Overview
Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of civilization because the city-states of Greece, most notably Athens, gave birth to concepts that still inform modern life, such as the significance of empirical, rationalist science and the importance of democracy. In contrast to the hereditary monarchy of Egypt, which exercised considerable centralized control over the entire empire of the Pharaoh, Greece was organized into a series of disparate city-states. Athens was run as a democracy of free-born men, who voted by majority rules on the decisions of the city. "Although there were exceptions, many of the city-states operated on the principle that rulers served the people and did not necessarily rule for life, but could be removed. Thus, the Greek lifestyle ran strongly counter to the oppressive, dominant government/religions that had ruled other wealthy societies" (Greece and the birth of science, 2012, University of Arizona)
"The goal of education in Sparta, an authoritarian, military city-state, was to produce soldier-citizens who were a well-drilled, well-disciplined marching army. Spartans believed in a life of discipline, self-denial, and simplicity" (Greek Culture, n.d, Ancient Civilizations). The Spartans took great pride in their rigid military system, just as the Athenians took pride in the intellectual ferment their democratic civilization fostered. When the Greeks defeated the Persians, this was portrayed in Athenian history as a victory of Greek superiority over the dictatorial barbarians.
Science was an important part of Greek life, and many of the early concepts of Greek science continue to inform our thought today. The concept of atoms was generated by the philosopher Epicurus and the Greeks began the first system of classification of plants, animals, and the known universe that was based upon observed similarities vs. fears and folk wisdom (Greece and the birth of science, 2012, University of Arizona). While the Egyptians tended to see the natural world as the result of the arbitrary acts of the gods, the…
