If the society puts the power to make laws in the hands of one man, then it is a monarchy. A mixed government combines forms of any of the described governments. 4. According to Locke, what is the 'social contract'?

The social contract refers to the idea that people in a state of nature will willingly come together to form a state. People form a state to provide a neutral magistrate that can protect the lives, liberty, and property of the people of the state. Moreover, the power of the legislators are limited in the social contract, because their laws are only legitimate if they achieve a common good.

1. Read Federalist Papers #10, 51, and 78. Prepare a short summary of what they said.

Federalist paper #10 addressed the issue of faction. In it, Madison (the assumed author) suggested two ways to limit faction: removing the causes of faction or controlling its impact. Because it would impair liberty to remove the causes of faction, Madison believed that one could not remove the causes of faction in a free society. Therefore, Madison believed that one could only limit the impact of factions. He believed that factions were only dangerous when they were minority factions because minority factions could never gain power. Because it is impossible to prevent a...

Federalist # 51 was also presumably written by Madison. In it he discusses the separation of powers and a system of checks and balances to ensure that no branch of government can grow more powerful than any other branch. Federalist # 78 discusses the role of the judiciary under a government with separate powers. He believes that the judiciary was the weakest of the three branches, which would make it unlikely that the judiciary could overpower the other three branches, and that judges should therefore have life-long terms.
2. How might the anti-Federalists have responded?

The anti-Federalists might have responded to No. 10 by suggesting that members in a republic had to have the same interests in order to survive and that the vast size of territory involved as well as the diverse interests of the various states made a republican form of government impossible. The anti-Federalists might have responded to No. 51 by suggesting that three branches of government would create mutually independent sovereign agents, which