Airport Security Design and Implementation
The objective of this work in writing is to devise a plan for setting up a state-of-the-art airport security system. This work will discuss: (1) The security force: selection, organization and training; (2) Airport lay-out: suggest a design which maximizes security management efficiency and passenger flow while minimizing discomfort and delay to air travelers; (3) the screening system step-by-step detailing the process, the equipment used and the function of that equipment; (4) how systems would be integrated for maximum efficiency; and (5) security management of freight air carriers in brief. The design of an airport security plan is complex and inclusive of many considerations to ensure the safety of passengers and employees. The airport security plan serves to increase communication between airport tenants, airport manager and law enforcement as well as serving to identify specific activities to be reported and to increase awareness of airport security issues. The Aviation Security Improvement Act of 1990, Public Law 101-604 provided directions to the FAA to work in cooperation with the aviation industry for the purpose of developing guidelines for "…airport design and construction to allow for maximum-security enhancement." (Transportation Security Administration. 2006 ) The Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001 (ATSA), Public Law 107-71 "established the TSA" which is described as an act that "authorizes increased federal responsibility for all aspects of aviation security, including a federal take-over of passenger and baggage screening." (Transportation Security Administration, 2006 ) The responsibilities of TSA were defined further with the 2002 passage of the Homeland Security Act, Public Law 107-296, which effectively resulted in the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. The Department of Homeland Security is charged with the prevention of terrorist attacks in the United States as well as with reduction of the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism at home, and minimization of the damage and provision of assistance in the recovery from any future attacks. It is reported that there are new technological tools available to assist with vulnerability and risk assessment, flow modeling, and bomb blast protection, all of which serve to "reduce guesswork and minimize certain expenditures in new structures." (Transportation Security Administration, 2006 ) The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is charged with general planning, design, construction and operations requirement of commercial airport establishment and government under airport certification requirements as set out in 14 CFP 139. (Transportation Security Administration, 2006, paraphrased) Planning for security should be a critical aspect of any airport project. Physical security approaches should be on the basis of "…applicable federal, state, and local regulations and policies to ensure the protection of the general public, airport personnel and assets." (Transportation Security Administration, 2006)
Physical Security
Physical security approaches should, at the very least, include the following: A vulnerability assessment to evaluate the security of an existing airport of a comprehensive security prospectus evaluating a new facility or site; Periodic inspections to ascertain whether a security program and its implementation meet pertinent federal, state, and local standards or regulations; A comprehensive and continuing security and threat awareness and education effort to gain the interest, support and participation of employees, contractors, consultants, and visitors; and Implementation of procedures for taking immediate, positive and orderly action to safeguard life and assets during an emergency. (Transportation Security Administration, 2006) Planning of facility protection should include several elements including that of the general security areas and boundaries. The following diagram shows a general depiction of the various areas of a typical commercial airport including the terminal, aircraft apron, runways or taxiways, as well as other components.
(1) Aircraft Operations Area (AOA) -- the area within an aviation facility in which flight-capable aircraft are present for the purposes of loading or unloading of cargo or passengers, refueling, maintenance, parking, storage, etc. (Department of the Interior Aviation Facilities Security Procedures, 2006)
(2) "Aviation Airport Facility" (AAF) means any DOI owned or controlled real property that has been developed or improved for aircraft (landing and takeoff) at which DOI owned or controlled aircraft are regularly or intermittently based. (Department of the Interior Aviation Facilities Security Procedures, 2006)
(3) Control -- used in two contexts. (a) As it relates to aviation facilities, the term "control" refers to the condition existing when a DOI entity has authority to institute, modify or otherwise effect physical security changes at an aviation facility regardless of property ownership; and (b) As it relates to aircraft, the term "control" shall mean "operational control" as defined in Federal Aviation Regulations Part 1.1: "Operational control with respect to a flight means the exercise of authority over initiating, conducting or terminating a flight." This definition is independent of aircraft ownership....
Specifically, current definitions and limitations in the area of profiling make it impossible to implement the types of policies and precautions such as those that have proven successful in Israel. According to acknowledged U.S. (Larsen, 2007) and international experts (Hoffman, 2003) in aviation security, the entire approach of screening passengers (1) randomly and (2) only after they set foot onto airport property is not an effective way of preventing
Given the size of the industry, this would have devastating effects not only upon lives, but also upon the economy of the country. Because of its size, it would be very easy to hold a nuclear bomb in a container. Terrorists have several plausible avenues of obtaining bombs; they could approach Russia or Pakistan, or build their own. 1. Airport operators have a responsibility to maximize the security at their facilities.
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Airport PDA A consistent problem for many of the thousands if not millions of airline passengers that pass through airports every day is keeping track of luggage, and making sure that their baggage remains with them. Once the bags are checked in with the airline, it truly is out of the passengers' hands, and lost or misdirected luggage is still a major problem -- though numbers are down significantly from previous
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