¶ … 911 tragedy, many politicians and airline industry representatives began to search for improvements to the Airline Traffic Control system, or ATC. These improvements were deigned to increase security and safety for all flight personnel, as well as for all passengers. This paper will outline some of the changes made to the ATC systems, and will discuss the benefits of each new policy or procedure.
One of the most significant changes to ATC has been the implementation of key technology, deployed at the headquarters of NORAD, located in Colorado Springs. This technology, known as Explorer, enables the NORAD team to monitor all commercial aircraft flying across the country at any given time. Previously, the technology had been used solely to monitor for incoming missiles, or military planes (Carr and Cone, 2002). The FAA also added a staff of air traffic controllers to the NORAD base, as well as in many busy sectors across the country, to assist local ATC operators in the event of a hijacking situation (Strohm, 2004).
In an effort to ensure proper handling of airline safety issues, the FAA also separated the responsibility of those dealing with hijack situations. The TSA, or Transportation Security Administration, has been established. In the event of a hijacked flight, the TSA is responsible for all actions while the plane is in the air. When the flight lands, the FBI is responsible (Strohm, 2004).
Additionally, communications between the civilian and air defense crews has also been improved. The FAA has introduced a "domestic events net," known as DEN, which operates 24 hours a day. The purpose of the DEN is to allow air traffic controllers to discuss air emergency issues on a national level, ensuring prompt and equal responses to all types of air traffic issues. The DEN communication system is in operation 24 hours a day, and includes the FAA traffic facilities, NORAD, TSA officers, the Secret Service, the FBI, and Customs officers (Strohm, 2004). If any trends are spotted by any agency, the DEN allows them to communicate those trends to other agencies quickly.
Another communication enhancement has been the addition of enhanced NOTAM processing capabilities. NOTAM, or Notices to Airmen, provide valuable information to pilots and other aircraft personnel. With increases to national airspace restrictions, increasing the capabilities of the NOTAM communications is vital to ensuring proper airspace clearance. Further, the creation of a Flight Service Operations Support Center allows for experts to explain the difficult NAS regulations in place to air traffic controllers and flight crew (FAA, 2002).
Further, the FAA has developed enhanced air traffic control procedures to assist controllers in relaying information through the DEN network. Timely notification between air traffic control and NORAD is now required in the event of a suspicious aircraft. This communication is to occur immediately upon noting a flight path alteration of any commercial flight, which allows NORAD and other federal agencies to assist in determining the issue at hand (Griffith, 2004).
Another enhancement to security in air traffic control in the implementation of airspace changes by the FAA. Air traffic controllers are now able to more easily enact temporary flight restrictions and other airspace control measures. This ability assists controllers in their support of the Department of Defense. In the event that the DoD agency alerts any area of a suspicious flight pattern, air traffic controllers can now close the airspace to any other…
46). To date, though, these reforms have not materialized and the air traffic control system remains mired in the FAA bureaucracy (McDougall & Roberts, 2008). In this regard, Poole (2008) emphasizes that, "[the air traffic control system] is managed by an unwieldy government bureaucracy, micromanaged by Congress, and subjected to the ups and downs of the federal budget process. And as air travel continues to grow, the air traffic
GPS will significantly improve the accuracy of air traffic control, and also provide a platform for the efficient increase of aircraft traffic. It is however somewhat unclear why it has taken so long to implement a technology that has such obvious advantages and that has been in existence for such a long time. Perhaps the time and cost involved was a determining factor. From the current viewpoint, it has
privatization of Air Traffic Control in the U.S. Non-profit privatization of ATC Industry experts position on privatizing the U.S. ATC Improvement in safety and regulation New Public Management Orientation in the U.S. Air Traffic Control Technology up gradation and budgetary constraints State-owned enterprises (SOEs) are organizations owned and operated by governments. There is a growing consensus amongst economists and governments that governments should not operate commercial organizations as it hampers the efficiency and productivity of the
Air traffic has continued to increase and it now constitutes a considerable proportion of the travelling public. The amount of long-hour flights has increased significantly. Based on the International Civil Aviation authority, air traffic can be anticipated to double amid till 2020. Airline travel, especially over longer distances, makes air travelers vulnerable to numerous facets that will impact their health and well-being. Particularly, the speed with which influenza spreads and
Although the causative organism was rapidly identified (salmonella), and its introduction into the food chain proved to be a key factor, the scale of the outbreak was the result of an interaction of other factors. As with a major aircraft accident, none of the factors alone would have caused the near disaster that occurred. (Burslem, Kelly, & Preston, 1990, p. 40) This is a very useful reminder that airline disasters
It may refer matters within its sphere of action to the commission or council. It is responsible for delegating duties to the Council and modifies or revokes the delegated authority. This shows that the Assembly reviews technical, legal, economic, and administrative operations of the organization (Goglia, Halford & Stolzer, 2010). 2. Discuss the ICAO Rulemaking Process including the rule of SARPs, PANS, and SUPPs Three international bodies conduct Rulemaking: the International
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