flexneri can often be identified, although additional kits may be required. The simplest way, however, may be the novel approach through multiplex PCR (mRPC). It is possible to identify Shigella species through mPCR techniques by identifying pathogenicity islands associated with Shigella and S. flexneri.
6. How could you create a corn plant that would express the human protein fibrin? (You need to include techniques, steps, enzymes, etc.)
In order to create a corn plant that would express the human protein fibrin, scientists would first need to incorporate the human fibrin gene within the corn plant genome. The incorporated human gene would require regulation and promoter sequences that would function within the plant cell. Proper splicing sequences would also be required or removal of the introns altogether.
The delivery of transgenes into the corn plant could be accomplished through electroporation into corn protoplasts followed by stochastic recombination into the plant genome. Electroporation is thought to generate transient pores within the plasmalemma and facilitate transfer of the DNA inside the plant cell. Integration would subsequently be enriched or selected for in order to identify plants which have successfully incorporated the desired transgene.
7. If you were the lab technician hired by the Jerry Springer show, how could you determine which of the 4 possible men was the baby's biological father? (Include the theory and techniques involved in the identification.)
The identification of the baby's biological father can be accomplished through standard paternity testing. Paternity testing is a "genetic fingerprinting" method that involves PCR amplification of specific regions of the father's and child's DNA, followed by restriction enzyme digestion. Since all humans possess polymorphisms, they thus have restriction fragment length polymorphisms as a result of differing restriction sites within the DNA. Since the fragment lengths of the digested DNA is extremely variable depending on the individual restriction sites, the likelihood of having similar length fragments amongst individuals is low unless they are blood related. Therefore, half of the fragments of the father will be identical to the child's DNA fragments, since the child will possess half of the father's DNA. The other men will possess restriction fragments of varied lengths that...
Cellular respiration is the process whereby living cells gain energy through the oxidation of organic substances, which maybe, carbohydrates, proteins or fats. The preferred source of nutrient for most cells in the body is glucose. (Russell, 2004) The first step in cellular respiration is glycolysis. The end product in this stage of respiration for cells with mitochondria and an adequate supply of oxygen is Pyruvate. This is a series of ten
Therefore, each hemoglobin molecule can bind four oxygen molecules. In a healthy adult, the concentration of hemoglobin in blood is 150 g/L. Importantly, 1.34 ml of O2 can bind 1 g of hemoglobin. Each liter of blood can therefore carry 3 ml of dissolved CO2 and 201 ml hemoglobin-bound O2. The hemoglobin bound O2 does not contribute to arterial PO2. By contrast, CO2 is transported by the blood in three
animals -- whether they are carnivorous, omnivorous, or herbivorous -- depend upon the mechanisms of photosynthesis as a source of food. Carnivorous and omnivorous animals eat other animals as a source of food, but prey animals such as herbivores consume plants as a source of energy. And oxygen, the by-product of plant photosynthesis, enables all animal life on land and in the water to breathe. The chlorophylls and carotenoids,
Excited electrons are captured by primary electron acceptor of the Photosystem II electron transport chain. This system also splits molecules of water into 1/2 O2, 2H+ and 2 electrons. This process is termed noncyclic because the electrons that pass through here do not return to the original photosystem. Photolysis, an ultraviolet light-mediated nonenzymatic reaction, generates H+ ions replacing those lost in the photosystems. This is explained through the chemiosmosis
Photosynthesis is critical for the survival of all life on earth. The process of photosynthesis within plants consists of two processes, one which begins with energy from the sun in the form of visible light, and another which is light-independent and capture carbon dioxide for glucose production (Audesirk, Audesirk, & Byers, 2008). Plants are green because they absorb the red and blue wavelengths of visible light, thereby reflecting the color green
Heart Disease Relationship between cardiac arrest and coronary cardiac disease The heart is an essential organ in the human body, it keeps the individual alive. Understanding how the heart operates and functions is essential to help protect your heart from heart disease. Cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease are significant heart related illness that has a high mortality rate. It is important for individuals with pre-existing heart disease to understand the symptoms
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