. Highly shared content in many forms including contracts, product content,
material planning, supply chain, logistics, sales and service information
needs to be centralized as many processes and tasks make use of this
information to complete their tasks. Likewise, key performance
indicators and metrics of performance that apply to processes that in
effect touch every major functional area of the company also need to
specifically be included in a centralized repository.
. Ability to create a single and cohesive Service-Oriented Architecture
(SOA) that specifically is structured to create greater efficiencies in
core business processes and have a single version of the truth to work
from, many organizations are moving back to a centralized architecture
specifically for this reason. Ironically many claim that SOA
architectures make them more responsive and market-driven, yet in initial
phases the SOA architectures are centralizing core functions and
selectively publishing through XML specific data sets and applications
out to distributed locations.
. When organizations have organized teams into specific functional areas,
for example logistics, supply chain planning and execution, marketing or
engineering, a centralized IT structure is typically the best possible IT
infrastructure to support the specific business strategies of these
functional groups. CIOs who have specifically used this approach report
clearer job descriptions and higher levels of morale, as employees are
clear with regard to what is expected of them, according to CIO Magazine
(2001). US Space Alliance's CIO Kathy Tamer reports that the
centralization of strategic planning and integration, platform
engineering and operations, application engineering services, data and
documentation management, IT security, and user support services have
made it possible to trim 17% of total staff levels through...
Conclusion The research showed that today's dominant energy model remains the centralized, large-scale energy production approach that is focused on satisfying increasing demand in an efficient fashion. The research also showed that the move is on to decentralized energy production through smaller production facilities and so-called micro-systems that supplement and even replace traditional sources of energy. Taken together, it is reasonable to conclude that the successor to today's large-scale centralized energy
1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Interrelationships between Organizational Functions and Impact on Organisational Structure Organizational Functions The functions of an organization take into account the different aspects undertaken by the business including production or manufacturing, marketing, sales, accounting as well as research and development. In accordance to Sherman and Thompson (2019), the organizational structure delineates the relationship and interrelations between the functions of a business and ascertains the manner in which the
Outsourcing According to Cusmano, Mancusi and Morrison (2007, p. 5), outsourcing can occur on both the national and international level. Outsourcing, also known as offshoring, has been the target of increasing analytical and policymaking attention, as it is seen as a key driver of change in the competitive market. In technologically advanced regions, outsourcing has been present since the mid 1970s. This trend has grown towards the 1990s, with a general
Fiscal FederalismINTRODUCTIONFiscal federalism is the relationship between different levels of government in a federation with respect to their spending and revenue-raising powers. The three key dimensions of fiscal federalism are vertical fiscal imbalances, horizontal fiscal equalization, and spending assignment.The first use of the term �fiscal federalism� was by German-born�American economist Richard Musgrave in 1959 (Kapucu, 2022). It was used to describe the relationship between the central government and the states.
76). As automation increasingly assumes the more mundane and routine aspects of work of all types, Drucker was visionary in his assessment of how decisions would be made in the years to come. "In the future," said Drucker, "it was possible that all employment would be managerial in nature, and we would then have progressed from a society of labor to a society of management" (Witzel, p. 76). The
(1990) Municipal Government Involvement in Crime Prevention in Canada. This work provides insight into the way that municipal government interacts with the police in the organization of crime prevention structures and the delivery of crime prevention services and activities. (Hastings, 1990, p. 108) The idea of municipal government interaction in crime prevention is shown to have been spurred on in Canada by "....the successes of locally organized and community-based initiatives
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