Yemenite terrorism influences U.S. sentiments as regards terrorism, considering that Americans are greatly affected through knowing that the concept should not necessarily be related to particular countries or motives and that the authorities are virtually helpless in their struggle to eliminate it.
According to experts, Yemen is one of the countries that stand as a safe place for terrorists world-wide. However, experts have failed to observe that a terrorist does not necessarily need to receive training in the Arab Peninsula in order for him or her to represent a real threat to the U.S. One of the best examples regarding this is the fact that most of the terrorists involved in the 9/11 attacks were instructed in Europe and in the U.S. (Katulis, 2010).

Even with the fact that Yemen was not one of the central points in the Arab Peninsula considered to have connections to Al Qaeda, matters gradually changed…...

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Bibliography:

Katulis, Brian. "Terrorism in Yemen Rediscovered." January 6, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2010, from the Center for American Progress Website:  http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2010/01/yemen_rediscovered.html 

Randall, D. Johnson, A. "Yemen, the new crucible of global terrorism." October 31, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2010, from the Independent Website:  http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-the-new-crucible-of-global-terrorism-2121364.html 

Spencer, R. "Flight 253: Shows Utter Failure of U.S. Counterterrorism Efforts." Human Events 4 Jan. 2010: 12.

Thackrah, J.R. (2004). Dictionary of Terrorism. 2nd ed. London: Routledge.

ancient history of Yemen is filled with conflict and countless examples of conflict resolution, some successful but many disastrously unsuccessful. The country has been divided and reformed, the subject of colonization, the victim of several complete governmental takeovers and last but not least the victim of bloody civil war, in both North and South Yemen's as they were then recognized and in a unified Yemen, associated with an Arab League sponsored reunification and peace treaty. In this process of nation building and strife at least since its inception the Arab League, and most notably its moderate modern conception has been a foundational aspect of conflict resolution in Yemen, as well as many other Middle East and North African nations. The conflicts in Yemen, arising from a historically challenged social and political network are frequently addressed by the Arab League in an attempt to make the international community understand the…...

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Bibliography

Cohn, Marjorie. "Understanding, Responding to and Preventing Terrorism." Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) (2002): 25.

Jessup, John. E.An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998.

Fixing Economy Vital to Yemen; Lawlessness, Poverty Help Radicals Recruit." The Washington Times, August 25, 2004, A13.

Ghadbian, Najib. Democratization and the Islamist Challenge in the Arab World. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997.

Middle East/ Africa Security Issue
Introduction

The ends, ways and means strategy is a method of understanding what the objective is for a particular issue (ends), how that objective will be achieved (ways) and what resources will be required to make this happen (means). This methodology is commonly applied in military or international relations, where the issues can be complex, as this method simplifies strategy by focusing on the desired ends (Eikmeier, 2007).

Background on the Issue

There are several issues in the Middle East worthy of attention, one of which is the ongoing conflict in Yemen. While Yemen has commonly been engaged in conflict, this issue has become more pressing in recent months. Houthi rebels were engaged in conflict in the region near the Saudi border, drawing Saudi Arabia into the conflict. This became a front in the Saudi-Iran proxy war, as the Houthi rebels are predominantly Shia. Western powers have traditionally backed…...

U.S. Approach to Terrorism
U.S Approach to Terrorism Post 2001

The incidence of September 11, 2001 led to an anti-terrorism campaign by the government of U.S. And was called the war or terror. Since 2001, U.S. government has taken several steps to maintain security and counter terrorism by implementing certain strategies at national and international level. These approaches and steps, whether useful or not have been discussed in this paper.

President Bush's Justifications For Invading Iraq Post 9/11

After the September 11, attack in 2001, the Bush government declared "war on terror" which was intended to counter terrorism. Bush also declared in his address on 20th September 2001 that, the "war on terror" will begin from dealing with al Qaeda but it will stop only when terrorism is dealt with properly. According to Bush doctrine, whichever country contained weapon of mass destruction (MD) is a threat for U.S. And therefore in order to counter…...

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Works Cited

Chandler, David War without End(s): Grounding the Discourse of 'Global War', 40 Security Dialogue, (2009): 243-244.

Hixson, W.L. The War in Iraq and American Freedom. Arab World Geographer 2003. 6 (1): 27-29.

Huntington, S.P. Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster. (2004): 121-129.

Hastings, Michael. The Drone Wars. Rolling Stone, 0035791X, Issue 1155, (2012): 113-118.

Motivations for Pursuing a Career in Medicine
It is in my opinion that people strive and compensate for what they perceive they do not have: one tries to gain strength to overcome his or her weakness. My motivations for pursuing a career in medicine take root from my experience as a young adult in Yemen, my native country. Being an underdeveloped country, we were literally impoverished and not given the proper and basic social services that people should have, especially the women sector. In a country where female genital mutilation is practiced, I became witness to the harsh realities that women have to go through in their attempt to follow the society's norms and traditions, whether it adversely affects their lives and health or not.

Exposure to the needs of the people, especially those who cannot afford medical services provided for by hospitals in my country, made me realize that if…...

The Egyptian King Faud (1922-36) repeatedly disbanded popularly elected afd governments, despite huge majorities, due to their distinctly nationalist platform. The fickleness of the British position is exemplified by their later coercion of King Farouk (1936-52) to appoint an enfeebled afd government due to their need for a neutral Egypt during the Second orld ar. This intense irony does not detract from the fact that the monarchs in Egypt and Iraq were very powerful political actors but were 'so closely associated with the structures of colonialization that they did not outlast them' (Owen 1992, 19). The British imperialists exploited the constitutional power of the King to dismiss any elected government of nationalists 'that threatened to tear up or amend the arrangements…defining Britain's rights' (Owen 1992, 19). Hence, once again, diminishing the authority of the regime they installed and creating a lack of respect for lawfully elected governments.
Pan-Arabism Causes Conflict…...

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Works Cited

Anderson, L. "The State in the Middle East and North Africa." Comparative Politics 20, no. 1 (1987): 1-18.

Ayubi, N. Over-stating the Arab State. London: Tauris, 1995.

Batutu, H. "Of the Diversity of Iraqis, the Incohesiveness of their Society, and their Progress in the Monarchic Period toward a Consolidated Political Structure." In The Modern Middle East: A Reader, by A. Hourani. London: Tauris, 1993.

Beinin, J, and Z. Lockman. Workers on the Nile. London: Tauris, 1988.

The UAE and IsraelIntroductionIsrael has been, for most of its existence, involved in some form of conflict with the Arab world. However, the Arab world itself is largely conflicted between the Sunni and Shia states. Israels recent pivot toward forming greater relations with the Sunni states has indicated an improvement in relations between Israel and at least part of the Arab world. Yet, making matters more complicated is the fact that Palestine remains largely Sunni, and Palestine has viewed the Sunni states relations with Israel as a betrayal of the Palestinian peoples fight for independence and autonomy. For that reason, Palestine has disapproved the new relations between Israel and the UAE. As a Sunni majority state, the UAE has long sided with the rest of the Sunni Arab world in support of Palestine (Soriano, 2014). But now that has changed to some extent. This paper will discuss why the UAE…...

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ReferencesAlshuwaiter, M. (2020). President Hadi and the future of legitimacy in Yemen. Retrieved from   J. (2020). The Significance of the Israel-UAE Deal. Retrieved from  https://www.csis.org/analysis/significance-israel-uae-deal Arnone, M & Padoan, P. (2007). Anti-Money Laundering by International Institutions: A Preliminary Assessment. CIDEI Working paper No. 74Bahi, R. (2018). Qatar Crisis: A Genuine struggle for power. Retrieved from shorturl.at/xBT89Baker, P., Kershner, I., Kirkpatrick, D. & Bergman, R. (2020). Israel and United Arab Emirates Strike Major Diplomatic Agreement. Retrieved from  https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/us/politics/trump-israel-united-arab-emirates-uae.html BBC. (2017). Qatar crisis: What you need to know. Retrieved from  https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40173757 Belenkaya, M. (2019). Why did UAE foreign minister go to Russia following his meeting with Pompeo? Retrieved from  https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2019/06/russia-uae-us-iran-egypt-peace-plan.html Bowen, J. (2020). Five reasons why Israel\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s peace deals with the UAE and Bahrain matter. Retrieved from  https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-54151712 Khakhar, P., & Rammal, H. G. (2013). Culture and business networks: International business negotiations with Arab managers. International Business Review, 22(3), 578-590.Neuman, S. (2021). Intelligence Chiefs Say China, Russia Are Biggest Threats To U.S. Retrieved from  https://www.npr.org/2021/04/14/987132385/intelligence-chiefs-say-china-russia-are-biggest-threats-to-u-s Ramani, S. (2020). Russian and Chinese views on the Israel-UAE normalization deal. Retrieved from  https://www.mei.edu/publications/russian-and-chinese-views-israel-uae-normalization-deal Reuters Staff. (2020). Israel, U.S. near deal to exclude China from Israeli 5G networks: U.S. official. Retrieved from  https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-usa-5g-china/israel-u-s-near-deal-to-exclude-china-from-israeli-5g-networks-u-s-official-idUSKCN25A2CF Scollon, M. (2015). Who has a stake in Yemen fight? Retrieved from  https://www.rferl.org/a/who-has-a-stake-in-yemen-fight/26925287.html Sly, L. (2018). Princely feuds in the Persian Gulf thwart Trump’s efforts to resolve the Qatar dispute. Retrieved from  https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/princely-feuds-in-the-persian-gulf-thwart-trumps-efforts-to-resolve-the-qatar-dispute/2018/05/13/7853cc88-39cf-11e8-af3c-2123715f78df_story.html?utm_term=.ebe5fd3adafa Soriano, M. A. (2014). United Arab Emirates & Mexico: Do\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s and dont\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s in negotiation strategies,\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" A Mexican perspective\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\". The Business & Management Review, 5(1), 378.Tasmin News. (2020). Envoy: Iran-Russia Military Cooperation to Enter New Level. Retrieved from  https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2020/08/22/2333123/envoy-iran-russia-military-cooperation-to-enter-new-level Weir, D. T. H. (2003). Management development and leadership in the Middle East: An alternative paradigm. Leadership in the Management Theory at Work Series Conference, JuneWilson Center. (2020). Russia in the Middle East: National Security Challenges for the United States and Israel in the Biden Era. Retrieved from  https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/report-russia-middle-east-national-security-challenges-united-states-and-israel-biden Zhenqing, H. (2019). Turkey or generals aid Libya, the dispute over the delimitation of the Eastern Mediterranean has become a regional hot spot. Retrieved from  https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5252577 Zhongming, L. (2020). Professor Liu Zhongmin was interviewed by Shangguan News on the normalization of relations between Israel and the UAE. Retrieved from  http://mideast.shisu.edu.cn/06/8e/c3991a132750/page.htmhttps://www.mei.edu/publications/president-hadi-and-future-legitimacy-yemen Alterman,

The New Cold War: Sunni vs. Shia Muslims and the Proxy War Between Saudi Arabia and IranIntroductionDebates over the rightful succession to Muhammad have spawned centuries of ideological and physical battles between Sunni and Shia Muslims. Although not the only source of conflict in the Middle East and Western Asia, the Sunni/Shia divide has undergirded political turmoil throughout the region. Cleavages between Sunni and Shia parallel other geopolitical problems, both within the same nation-states and between nation-states.A current manifestation of the centuries old clash between Sunni and Shia is the proxy war taking place between Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shia Iran. eferred to as a new Cold War, the proxy wars have tremendous geopolitical implications beyond the immediately affected regions (Saxena & Dews, 2014). As Saxena & Dews (2014) point out, there is a lot more to the proxy wars than just the Sunni-Shia ideological divide. For certain, religious fervor…...

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ReferencesAbdo, Geneive. The New Sectarianism: The Arab Uprisings and the Rebirth of the Shi\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'a-Sunni Divide. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Print.Cotter, Michael W., et al. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The Geopolitics of the Sunni-Shi\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'a Divide in the Middle East.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" American Diplomacy, 2014. Academic OneFile. Accessed 24 March, 2017.Dubowitz, Mark, and Ray Takeyh. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Labeling Iran\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Revolutionary Guard.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Foreign Affairs. 24 June 2017. Web. 24 June 2017.Fraihat, Ibrahim. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Keeping Iran and Saudi Arabia From War.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Foreign Affairs. 16 May 2017. Web. 16 May 2017.Miller, Aaron David, and Jason Brodsky. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Saudi Arabia and Iran\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Forever Fight.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Foreign Affairs. 15 May 2017. Web. 15 May 2017.Nasr, V. R. (2007, January 17). Prepared Testimony before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from relations-0Ostovar, Afshon. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Soldiers of the Revolution.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Foreign Affairs. 24 June 2017. Web. 24 June 2017.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The New Sectarianism: The Arab Uprisings and the Rebirth of the Shi\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'a-Sunni Divide.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Publishers Weekly, 12 Sept. 2016, p. 49. Literature Resource Center. Accessed 24 March, 2017.“What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?” The Economist. 29 May 2013. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.Carpenter, A. C. (2014). Community Resilience to Sectarian Violence in Baghdad. New York, NY: Springer New York.Cotter, Michael W., et al. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The Geopolitics of the Sunni-Shi\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'a Divide in the Middle East.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" American Diplomacy, 2014. Academic OneFile. Accessed 24 March, 2017.Fraihat, Ibrahim. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Keeping Iran and Saudi Arabia From War.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Foreign Affairs. 16 May 2017. Web. 16 May 2017.Khurshid, Tooba. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Tracing Shia-Sunni Conflict Divide in Iraq.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" The Diplomatic Insight, 31 Mar. 2013. Academic OneFile. Accessed 24 March, 2017.Mabon, Simon. “The Battle for Bahrain: Iranian-Saudi Rivalry.” Middle East Policy. 19.2 (Sept. 2012): 84-97. Wiley Online. Web. 18 May, 2017.Malley, R. (2016). The Middle East is nearing an explosion. The Atlantic. Retrieved online:  https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/11/lebanon-saudi-iran-hezbollah/545306/ Mar chal, Brigitte, and Sami Zemni. The dynamics of Sunni-Shia relationships: doctrine, transnationalism, intellectuals and the media. London: Hurst, 2013. Print.Mason, Robert. “Back to Realism for An Enduring U.S.-Saudi Relationship.” Middle East Policy. 21.4 (Winter 2014): 32-44. Wiley Online. Web. 17 May, 2017.Miller, Aaron David, and Jason Brodsky. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Saudi Arabia and Iran\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Forever Fight.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Foreign Affairs. 15 May 2017. Web. 15 May 2017.Nasr, V. R. (2007, January 17). Prepared Testimony before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from relations-0Saxena, E. & Dews, F. (2012). New Middle East “cold war” can’t be explained by Sunni-Shia divide. Brookings. Retrieved online:  https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brookings-now/2014/07/24/new-middle-east-cold-war-cant-be-explained-by-sunni-shia-divide/ \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The New Sectarianism: The Arab Uprisings and the Rebirth of the Shi\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'a-Sunni Divide.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Publishers Weekly, 12 Sept. 2016, p. 49. Literature Resource Center. Accessed 24 March, 2017.Waterbury, John. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The New Sectarianism: The Arab Uprisings and the Rebirth of the Shi\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'a- Sunni Divide.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Foreign Affairs 95.6 (2016): 189. ProQuest. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.Wehrey, Frederic. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Shia Days of Rage.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Foreign Affairs. 11 Dec. 2012. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.“What is the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?” The Economist. 29 May 2013. Web. 24 Apr. 2017.https://www.cfr.org/report/prepared-testimony-senate-committee-foreign-

"Muslims from Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Southeast Asia, and beyond fought side by side, forging relationships and creating a cadre of veterans who shared a powerful life experience, a more global view,..."
Jenkins 3)

This experience was bolstered by the victory over the Soviet Union, which consequently strengthened the organization. However, the Afghan veterans, on returning to their various homes, were viewed with suspicion by the different governments and regimes and were often seen as a political threat. Due to this factor, these veterans were susceptible to new campaigns and ideologies.

Jenkins provides a clear outline of the motivational genesis of Al Qa'ida after the Afghan resistance.

There were ample reasons and opportunities to continue the fight: the Gulf War and the consequent arrival of American troops in Saudi Arabia; the continued repression of Islamic challenges to local regimes; armed struggles in Algeria, Egypt, the newly independent Muslim republics of the former Soviet…...

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Bibliography

Abuza, Zachary. "Funding Terrorism in Southeast Asia: The Financial Network of Al Qaeda and Jemaah Islamiya." Contemporary Southeast Asia 25.2 (2003): 169+. Questia. 1 July 2005  http://www.questia.com/ .

AL QAEDA'S GRAND STRATEGY: SUPERPOWER BAITING. 2004. Accessed June 30, 2005.  http://globalguerrillas.typepad.com/globalguerrillas/2004/05/al_qaedas_grand.html 

AL-QAEDA: SOC. June 30, 2005.  http://www.specialoperations.com/Terrorism/Terrorist_Groups/al_qaeda2.htm 

Al Qa'ida: Terrorism Files. June 29, 2005. http://www.terrorismfiles.org/organisations/al_qaida.html

Shi'ism in the World & the Shiite Islamic Sect in Nigeria
Shi'ism in the World

History, Objectives & General Outlook

Shiite Muslims make up the second biggest denomination of Islam, with the biggest numbers being represented by the Sunnis. The Shiite Muslims form about fifteen percent of Muslims. However, they are dominant in the nations of Iran, Azerbaijan, Iraq and Bahrain. In addition, Muslims have a plurality in Yemen and Lebanon too (Cave, 2006). These two distinct groups within the Islam community first differed and deviated from each other following the death of Prophet Muhammad in 632. The divide arose from the fact that the followers were not able to come to an agreement as to whether it was right to select bloodline successors or able leaders most capable of following and propagating the tenets of the Muslim faith (Fuller and Francke, 2000).

The Shiite community commenced during the 650s, after the son-in-law of…...

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References

Akhavi, S. (1983). The ideology and praxis of Shi'ism in the Iranian revolution. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 25(02), 195-221.

Campbell, J. (2015). "Massacre" of Shia in Northern Nigeria an Opening for Iran. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 5 January 2016 from:  http://blogs.cfr.org/campbell/2015/12/16/massacre-of-shia-in-northern-nigeria-an-opening-for-iran/ 

Cave, D. (2006). Telling Sunni from Shiite. The New York Times. Retrieved 5 January 2016 from:shttp://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/shiite_muslims/index.html

Center for Security Policy. (2014). Will Sunni-Shia tensions spread to Nigeria? Retrieved 5 January 2016 from:  https://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/2014/11/03/will-sunni-shia-tensions-spread-to-nigeria/

Israel and the Arab WorldIntroductionThe history of modern Israel and the Arab world is a history of tension and violence that has gone on for decades. It is a history characterized by numerous wars, accusations of genocide, threats of annihilation, and bitter hostilities punctuated intermittently by peace agreements like the Camp David Accords, signed during the Carter Administration to ease tensions between Israel and Egypt. This paper will describe the history of Israel, the nature of the hostilities between Israel and the Arab World, and relations between the UAE and Israel.History of IsraelFollowing World War 1, England took control of Palestine, known then as the British Mandate. Prior to the war, the Ottoman Empire had controlled the realm. The Zionist Movement, seeking a home for the Jewish people, had sought protection from the Ottoman Empire, which promised nothing of the sort. The English Lord Balfour, in the famous Balfour Declaration…...

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ReferencesBaker, P., Kershner, I., Kirkpatrick, D. & Bergman, R. (2020). Israel and United Arab Emirates Strike Major Diplomatic Agreement. Retrieved from   Declaration. (1917). Retrieved from  https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/text-of-the-balfour-declaration Baroud, R. (2009). My Father Was a Freedom Fighter : Gaza\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Untold Story. Pluto Press.Congressional Research Service. (2019). US foreign aid to Israel. Retrieved from  https://web.archive.org/web/20200115021105/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33222.pdf Gazit, M. (2000). The Genesis of the US–Israeli Military-Strategic Relationship and the Dimona Issue. Journal of Contemporary History, 35(3), 413-422.Hoffman, B. (2011). The rationality of terrorism and other forms of political violence: lessons from the Jewish campaign in Palestine, 1939–1947. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 22(02), 258-272.Hoffman, B. (2020). The bombing of The King David Hotel, July 1946. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 31(3), 594-611.Hughes, G. A. (2014). Syria and the perils of proxy warfare. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 25(3), 522-538.Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2013). 1947: The international community says YES to the establishment of the State of Israel. Retrieved from  https://mfa.gov.il/Jubilee-years/Pages/1947-UN-General-Assembly-Resolution-181-The-international-community-says-Yes-to-the-establishment-of-the-State-of-Israel.aspx#:~:text=Neither%20saw%20fit%20to%20establish,from%20its%20inception%20until%20today .Khalidi, R. (2007). The Iron Cage the Story of the Palestinian Struggle for Statehood / Rashid Khalidi. 1st ed. Boston: Beacon Press.Kurtulus, E. N. (2007). The Notion of a “pre-emptive War:” the Six Day War Revisited. The Middle East Journal, 61(2), 220-238.Neubauer, S. (2017). Israel: A Strategic Partner for the UAE?. IndraStra Global, (11), 3.Popp, R. (2006). Stumbling decidedly into the six-day war. The Middle East Journal, 60(2), 281-309.Salisbury, P. (2015). Yemen and the Saudi–Iranian ‘Cold War’. Research Paper, Middle East and North Africa Programme, Chatham House, the Royal Institute of International Affairs, 11.Ulrichsen, K. C. (2016). Israel and the Arab Gulf States: Drivers and Directions of Change. Retrieved from  https://www.bakerinstitute.org/media/files/research_document/13eaaa71/CME-pub-GCCIsrael-090716.pdf Weinbaum, M. G. (1985). Egypt\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Infitah and the politics of US economic assistance. Middle Eastern Studies, 21(2), 206-222.Yisraeli, D. (1971). The Third Reich and the Transfer Agreement. Journal of Contemporary History, 6(2), 129-148.https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/us/politics/trump-israel-united-arab-emirates-uae.html Balfour

They attempted several times to conquer Egypt and Sicily, among other places. In Yemen, rett describes a situation of internecine warfare between various sectors of Yemeni society. He writes, "Mahdism thus proved unable to transform the society of the Yemen into an enduring new state, as it did the society of ahrayn" (p. 78). Al-Fadl could not make headway with the southern tribesmen and nobility. In the end, Yemen proved too introverted a place to become a unifying imperial power as the community was fragmenting. To make matters worse, the twelfth imam has just disappeared (Mohammad Al-Mahdi in 941). What were they to do? No one knew, they believed, when he would come out of hiding. So there must be waiting and vigilance, and a strict adherence to the imam's religious and judicial authority in the community.
Another Shiite group expecting the Messiah's return was the Fatimids, who traced their…...

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Bibliography

Armstrong, Karen. (2000). Islam: a short history. New York: Modern Library.

Brett, Michael. (2001). The rise of the Fatimids: the world of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the tenth century. CE. Leiden: Brill.

Endress, G. (2002). Islam: an historical introduction. C. Hillenbrand (Trans.). New York: Columbia University.

Goldschmidt, Arthur, & Lawrence Davidson. (2005). A concise history of the middle east (8th Ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

This is a small step towards the improvement of opportunities for women in the Middle East. However, Turkey is considered a "soft" power in the Middle East (Altunisik, 2005), so this small step alone is unlikely to result in immediate sweeping change. However, this does represent a small step and demonstrates that the women's movement is gaining strength.
Middle Eastern culture centers on the village and the local conditions Societies within the Middle East developed in geographically isolated pockets. Historically, these pockets had little contact with each other and developed their own ideologies and traditions that made them unique. Among those traditions is how they define women's roles and treat them in regard to education and career opportunities.

One such example of this distinction due to locality is the case of India. Southern India follows a matrilineal family system, while a patrilineal system is followed in the North (Ghandi, 2003). Despite…...

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References Bureau. Retrieved June 22, 2009 from  http://www.prb.org/Publications/PolicyBriefs/EmpoweringWomenDevelopingSocietyFe 

maleEducationintheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica

.aspx

Zambelis, C. (2005). The Strategic Implications of Political Liberalization and Democratization

in the Middle East. Parameters. 35 (3): 87.

Many of their customs and rituals are too archaic, and many of their beliefs are, as well. It is a land where women are treated as second-class citizens, and that may be one of the biggest reasons Islam and the Arab world may never be completely modern. Belief systems have to change for a country or a religion to modernize. Other religions have done it, and they still remain viable. Other religions, such as the Shakers, have not modernized, and it has decimated and even eliminated their numbers. For example, the Catholic Church is far removed from its roots in many ways, even though it still retains the ritual and many of the belief systems it was founded upon. Catholicism has had to change with the times to remain viable, but sects of Islam still resemble medieval religions, at best.
However, the biggest impediment to change may be the people…...

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References

Brooks, Geraldine. Nine Parts of Desire: The Hidden World of Islamic Women. New York: Anchor Books, 1995.

Horwitz, Tony. Baghdad Without a Map: And Other Misadventures in Arabia. New York: Dutton, 1991.

While on one hand, the Nile gets the highest discharge from rainfall on the highlands of Ethiopia and upland plateau of East Africa, located well outside the Middle East region; on the other hand, discharge points of the other two rivers, Euphrates and Tigris, are positioned well within the Middle East region, prevailing mostly in Turkey, Syria along with Iraq. In other areas, recurrent river systems are restricted to the more northern upland areas of Iran and Turkey, in common with the coastline of Levant (Peter eaumont, Gerald H. lake, J. And Malcolm Wagstaff, 1988).
The conflict in the Future

It is widely believed by many experts that those who control the waters in the Middle East; control the Middle East; and those who control the Middle East; control the oil supply of the world (David M. Hummel, 1995). From the above mentioned facts it is clear that the water resources…...

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Bibliography

Anthony H. Cordesman. Peace is Not Enough: The Arab-Israeli Economic and Demographic Crises. Part Two. Population Growth, Fertility and Population Doubling Rates, Regional Trends, National Trends, and the "Youth Explosion" Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1998.

Adel Darwish. Troubled waters in rivers of blood. Water Issues. 3 December 1992. http://www.mideastnews.com/water004.html

Adel Darwish. Inadequacy of international law. Taken at http://www.mideastnews.com/WaterWars.htm

Ashok Swain. A new challenge: water scarcity in the Arab world. Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ). January, 1998.

Modern Conflicts and the Evolution of War Titles

Modern conflicts have witnessed a significant departure from the conventional titles traditionally bestowed upon wars. These new titles reflect the evolving nature of warfare, the socio-political context in which they occur, and the shifting perceptions of war's causes and consequences.

The Decline of Traditional Titles

In the past, wars were often named after their geographical location (e.g., the Franco-Prussian War) or the specific conflict between two or more belligerents (e.g., the Hundred Years' War). However, such titles have become less common in recent decades. The increasing complexity and interconnectedness of global conflicts has made it....