Ovid, Giovanni Boccaccio, and the authors of One Thousand and One Nights use frame narratives to add continuity and structure to the literary composition. Framing serves several literary functions. For one, framing establishes an independent narrator. The reader comes to trust and relate to this narrator, who is fictional and yet not quite a character of any of the internal narratives. This also allows the authors of their respective stories to remain independent, while still offering a "voice," broad omniscient analysis, or general commentary on the work contained therein. The narrator can therefore be viewed as a surrogate for the author's voice in an attempt to remain external to the work. The frame narrative therefore has a critical role to play in the evolution of fiction, novels, and narrative.
A second important literary function of framing is that it allows the author to string together otherwise disparate stories, linking them together…...

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Works Cited

From Norton Anthology of World Literature:

Ovid" in Volume A, pp. 1073-1076

"Metamorphoses" in Volume A, pp.1076-1088; pp. 1104-1116

"Giovanni Boccaccio" in Volume B, pp. 605-609

Fire: The Medieval Mind and the enaissance - Portrait of an Age by William Manchester. Specifically it briefly addresses Manchester's three main theses and analyze some part of this book in depth. It contains a critical book review that acknowledges the three main theses and addresses one of the theses, or a clearly defined theme, directly. The author's three main theses in the book were these: First, writer William Manchester wanted to show the reader what it was like to really live in medieval times. He wanted them to understand the smells, experiences, home life, and even filth and violence that filled the times. Second, he wanted to illustrate to the reader how the Middle Ages were entirely necessary for the enaissance to occur, and finally, he hoped to show the reader how important Christianity, especially the Catholic Church, was to the time, the people, and the very fabric…...

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References

Manchester, William. A World Lit Only by Fire: The Medieval Mind and the Renaissance - Portrait of an Age. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1993.

hagavad-Gita is a conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna, narrated by the hisma-Parva of the Mahabharata. It is 18 chapters long, totaling 701 Sanskrit verses. Within these verses is found the basis for the path of spiritual enlightenment. It is highly symbolic and much is left to the interpretation of the reader.
The hagavad-Gita was originally written in Sanskrit as early as 200 C. Since then, there have been many translations written in English and many other languages. Translations are subject to the translator's personal experiences and beliefs. It is difficult to determine which translation would be considered authoritative in light of these differences. Word choice in translation may effect the overall nuance or meaning of the piece. For this reason, many authors have included a commentary on their particular translation of the work. This commentary simply explains their perspective on the piece in order to give the reader a…...

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Bibliography

Beck, Sanderson. "Wisdom Bible From Ancient China, India, Greece, the Middle East, and Rome." 2001.   Accessed June 2002.http://san.beck.org/Gita.html .

Sanderson Beck gives a highly symbolic representation of the concepts found in the Bhavagdad-Gita. He considers representation of the earthly elements of earth, fire, water, wind and other earthly things as representative of man and the cosmos as representative of God.

Judge, William Quan. "Essays on the Gita." Theosophical University Press Electronic version.

1969.   Accessed June 2002.http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/gita/bg1.htm .

Dante's Canto VI
In Canto VI, Dante mixes and weaves ancient stories and mythology into his Christian portrayal of afterlife, such as the three-headed dog Cerberus.

However, by placing the pagan gods into the Christian concept of Hell, his intention reflects that he believes Christianity as the supreme moral order and the ultimate authoritative system.

Much like the punishments in the prior circles, here they too are equally grotesque as the sins themselves (Alighieri 1983). Those who lusted pay dearly in Dante's circle of hell for their sins and obsessions of the bodily flesh. Although, he laments for them, Dante's condemnation of the lovers, Paolo and Francesca, are harsh and appear unequal to their sins.

Dante places those who derived excessive pleasure from sex were thrown into the mire of excrement along with the other sinners of gluttony (Alighieri 1983). Those souls, such as Paolo and Francesca, were forced to lie prone in the…...

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Works Cited

Alighieri, Dante. Divine Comedy: The Inferno. Viking Penguin. October 1983.

The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Iliad, and the Bhagavad Gita are three of the most enduring ancient texts in the canon of global literature. All are heroic tales focusing on a strong male warrior protagonist, who endures a series of tests in order to achieve their goals and retain their status as leaders of their community. However, unlike Achilles, the hero of Homer’s Iliad, or Arjuna, hero of the Bhagavad Gita, Gilgamesh was an actual historical figure, evidence by the archaeological record as well as literary correspondences (Hansman). The historicity of its hero is not necessarily the reason to favor one of these epics over the other, but The Epic of Gilgamesh has the edge over its epic counterparts in other ways. For example, Gilgamesh’s character undergoes deep and meaningful transformations in ways that neither Achilles nor Arjuna experience. Both Achilles and Arjuna are thinly drawn, when compared with Gilgamesh.…...

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Works Cited

Beye, Charles Rowan. Ancient Epic Poetry. Wauconda: Bolchazy-Carducci, 2006. The Bhagavad Gita. UK: Penguin, 2014.

Hansman, J. “Gilgamesh, Humbaba and the Land of the Erin-Trees.” Iraq. Vol. 38, Issue 1, Spring 1976, pp. 23-35. Stobaugh, James P. World Literature. Green Forest: Master, 2012.

Tigay, Jeffrey H. The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic. Bolchazy-Carducci, 1982.

Dante's Inferno
The opening section of Dante's poetic series, which he wrote in the 1400s is called The Inferno, which means 'Hell' in Italian. The titles under the series christened the Divine Comedy are Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, and they tell of a voyage through a primitive picture of Hell, a place that Dante portrays as nine rings of torment. The journey of a soul towards God with the identification and impact of iniquity summarizes the tale of The Divine Comedy.

"Vexilla regis produent inferni; the banners of the king go forth, the king of Hell" (Vergani 74).

Transgressors such as Brutus, Cassius and Judas Iscariot are broken into pieces by Lucifer's monstrous jaws. Judas is named as the most gruesome transgressor of all residents of Hell and gets his flesh shredded off his back as his punishment. The style of description of this happening is quite explicit. Dante's Inferno contains many indirect…...

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Works Cited

Alcorn, John. "The Psychology of Emotions in Dante's Inferno." Pedagogy (2013): 77-85.

Bertrand, Jennifer. The Wasteland - Analysis. 26 May 2014. 23 November 2016. .

Chevigny, Paul. "From Betrayal to Violence: Dante's Inferno and the Social Construction of Crime." Law and Social Inquiry (2001): 787-818.

Farahbaksh, Alireza. "The Echoes of Buddhism, Mythology, the New Testament, and Inferno in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) (2013): 1216-1221. Journal.

World Literature. Social Value Topics of Gilgamesh and Odysseus in the World Literature StatesPeople in fiction have had such a significant impact on societies by projecting personal characteristics and lifestyles. They typically depict human traits such as heroism, vengeance, indifference, and so on. Only well literary works in the world literature that heroic project attributes related to diverse and shared values that society endorses are the Gilgamesh and Odyssey Epics. Knowing their diverse champions that come from fiction and applying the topic to both may assist them in comprehending their various talents and patriotic aspirations in their culture. Therefore this paper makes the respective social value topics of Gilgamesh and Odysseus and their comparisons in exploring their commonalities and distinctions.When reading the Odyssey, somebody sees that he\\\'s a hero because of his unadulterated religiosity besides his ability to overcome obstacles. When Odysseus set sail in his tale, he traveled a…...

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ReferencesCalypso. 2019. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"SparkNotes: The Odyssey: Book V.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Sparknotes.com. 2019.   Adams. n.d. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The Odyssey by Homer: Book XXIII.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Www.online-Literature.com. Accessed October 31, 2021.  http://www.online-literature.com/homer/odyssey/23/ .Ian. 2016. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"The Epic of Gilgamesh (2100 BC), Translated by N.K. Sanders (1972).\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" But I Also Have a Day Job. November 11, 2016.  https://butialsohaveadayjob.com/2016/11/11/the-epic-of-gilgamesh-2100-bc-translated-by-n-k-sandars-1972/ .Sandars, Nk. 2017. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Epic of Gilgamesh Translated by Nk Sandars | FreebookSummary.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Study Guides and Book Summaries. June 20, 2017.  https://freebooksummary.com/gilgamesh-7-38831 .Slide, Frank. 2020. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"What Are the Major Themes of the Epic of Gilgamesh? - Frank Slide - Outdoor Blog.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" Outdoor Blog. 2020.  https://www.frankslide.com/what-are-the-major-themes-of-the-epic-of-gilgamesh/ .https://www.sparknotes.com/lit/odyssey/full-text/book-v/ .Henry,

Consumers in Virtual orlds
Literature Review / Theoretical Framework: The article in the journal Marketing Intelligence & Planning points to how marketing research is becoming more pivotal to companies due to increased global competition (globalization). The authors point out that because some firms struggle to re-invent the way they conduct marketing research in the new millennium, they are considered "learning organizations" (Malhotra, et al., 2001, p. 216).

The article presents important practical information about how firms should conduct research. For example, qualitative research should be conducted with a "postmodern" approach, which uses "artistic interpretation" methods and rejects the old way of doing things like sending out surveys to determine what consumers prefer. Updated qualitative research uses computer-assisted data and embraces creative methods. On the quantitative research side, the authors advocate automated "data mining"; new databases should contain unlimited information about foreign product markets (Malhotra, 221).

Key Findings: Conducting surveys is tricky in foreign…...

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Works Cited

Catterall, Miriam, and Maclaran, Pauline. (2001). Research consumers in virtual worlds: A

cyberspace odyssey. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1(3), 228-237.

Malhotra, Naresh K., and Peterson, Mark. (2001). Marketing research in the new millennium:

Emerging issues and trends. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 19(4), 216-235.

WWI and Literature
World War I was certainly one of the most productive periods in literature with millions of poets and authors emerging on the scene and each one contributing tremendously to the growth and progress of literature. It is quite strange that while WWI was a deeply disturbing and a largely horrifying experience for most countries, it inspired writers and poets around the globe and this resulted in significant growth of world literature.

In England alone, more than 2000 poets emerged during this period as Harvey (1993) elaborates: "From the very first week, the 1914-18 war inspired enormous quantities of poetry and fiction. The claim that three million war poems were written in Germany in the first six months of hostilities is difficult to substantiate, but Catherine W. eilly has counted 2,225 English poets of the First World War, of whom 1,808 were civilians. For example, William Watson (then an esteemed…...

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References

A.D. Harvey, First World War literature. Magazine Title: History Today. Volume: 43. Publication Date: November 1993.

Fussell, Paul. The Great War and Modern Memory. New York: Oxford UP, 1975.

Hemingway, Ernest. Complete Poems. Lincoln: U. Of Nebraska, 1983.

Granville Hicks, The Great Tradition: An Interpretation of American Literature since the Civil War. Publisher: Biblo and Tannen. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1967.

Yet Mr. Friedman does not go to this depth of analysis and relies instead of lengthy, conversational passages in the book that could be trimmed and made more potent, relevant and valuable. The concept Mr. Friedman discusses of the Untouchables is altogether too elitist as well, and this chapter of the book is an illusion; there is no job safe in a globalized world. Only those willing to compete at exceptionally high levels and deliver exceptionally high levels of service, value and insight are going to survive. Globalization's safe harbors are exceptional knowledge, talent and intensity of focus. It is not merely due to the fact that someone is from a given nation. This is certainly the case in Saudi Arabia, where the growth of financial services firms from the United Stakes, the United Kingdom and other westernized nations are more dependent than ever on the Saudi economy as…...

World War Turning Point Europe, Significant Change Occurred Emergence Legitimate evolutionary egimes
Self-Determination in Cuba

There are few who would dispute the fact that following the conclusion of World War II and prior to its revolution (which began in 1953 and concluded on January 1 of 1959) Cuba was a prosperous region of the world that was certainly worth fighting for. The country's leader prior to the ascendancy of Fidel Castro, Fulgencio Batista, had cleverly manipulated the assistance of a number of external forces, primarily that of the United States, to assist the country in achieving a degree of economic gain and modernity the likes of which were comparable to, if not surpassing, those of other parts of the world.

Its economic prowess may be demonstrated from the following quotation. "Cuba in 1958, prior to the government of the Communist Fidel Castro, paid its employees an average of $3.00 per hour, which was…...

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References

Epperson, R.A. (1985). The Unseen Hand. Arizona: Publius.

Guevara, C. (2005). Cuba: Historical Exception or Vanguard in the Colonial Struggle? Retrieved from  http://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1961/04/09.htm 

Kapur, T., Smith, A. (2002). "Housing Policy In Castro's Cuba." Retrieved from  http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/education/oustanding_student_papers/kapur_smith_cuba_02.pdf 

Jones, L. (1966). Home. New York: William Morrow and Co.

It is only through occult understanding that the forms and the archetypal images and symbols can be interpreted.
Here we see that the term unconsciousness is very similar to the Platonic ideals and forms. Another aspect that will form part of the theoretical perspective of this study is the concept of transformation. In order to understand the occult and its relationship to the forms, a process of transformation has to take place. In Platonic terms this transformation is a radical change in life, morality and ethics; while for Jung it is transformation in terms of the deeper understanding of the relation of the unconscious to the conscious mind.

Transformation also has related occult meaning and symbols such as fire. Fire is an age-old indication of change of perception and consciousness. This also refers to Jungian concepts such as the shadow. There are many other points of reference and similarity between the…...

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Bibliography

Archetypes as Defined by Carl Jung) October 9, 2004. http://www.acs.appstate.edu/~davisct/nt/jung.html#shadow

Arnzen. M. "The Return of the Uncanny." 1977. University of Oregon. March 17, 2004.  http://paradoxa.com/excerpts/3-3intro.htm 

Boeree, G. Carl Jung. October 11, 2004.  http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/jung.html 

Christian Churches of God) Mysticism Chapter 1 Spreading the Babylonian Mysteries (No. B7_1). October 9, 2004. http://www.holocaustrevealed.org/english/s/B7_1.html

Wilson, a student of public administration, favored more governmental regulation and action during a time when large monopolies still existed. He saw the role of public administration as "government in action; it is the executive, the operative, the most visible side of government, and is of course as old as government itself" (Wilson 235). The pendelum swung, though, and the government was blamed for many of the ills that caused the Great Depression. Franklin oosevelt, despite being called draconian, knew that he had to launch programs that would have a quick effect upon the struggling economy; resulting the New Deal -- a complex, interlocking set of programs designed to produce jobs, economic recovery, and fiscal reform of banking and Wall Street -- exactly what was needed, it seems to turn the Titanic in a new direction (Badger). Then, of course, came the war, which stimulated the economy like nothing…...

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REFERENCES

Badger, A. FDR - The First Hundred Days. New York: Macmillan, 2009.

Cooper, P. Public Law and Public Administration. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Fesler, J. "Public Administration and the Social Sciences: 1946-1969." Mosher, F. American Public Administration: Past, Present, Future. Washington, DC & Birmingham, AL: The University of Alabama Press, 1975. 97-142.

Halberstam, D. The Fifties. New York: Ballantine, 1994.

orld Is Flat: The Impact of Globalization on the United States
In the best-selling book The orld is Flat, Thomas Friedman provides a well-researched series of chapters that detail how globalization and the congruency of cultures is making country-level differentiation more challenging to achieve. His contention is that globalization is being caused by the combination of Internet-based technologies and platforms, combined with low-cost labor and higher educational standards in emerging nations (Leamer, 115). Throughout the book he makes a very convincing argument that the United States has lost the ability to compete with its core strengths of intelligence and industriousness, and has become too complacent to the point of having an entitlement mindset (Harvey, Novicevic, et.al.). There are many implications for the United States throughout this book, with two disused below.

Analysis of Globalization's Impact on the United States

The most ironic and impactful examples Thomas Friedman provides in his book is that…...

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Works Cited

Harvey, Michael G., and Milorad M. Novicevic. "The World is Flat: A Perfect Storm for Global Business?" Organizational dynamics 35.3 (2006): 207-19.

Leamer, Edward E. "A Flat World, a Level Playing Field, a Small World After all, Or None of the Above? A Review of Thomas L. Friedman's the World is Flat." Journal of Economic Literature 45.1 (2007): 1-126.

Conscription

From the beginning of the war, there had been some variation in the Canadian attitude toward the conflict. Canada never questioned the legitimacy of the war and did not question the need for Canadian participation. There were differences of opinion, though, concerning how extensive the Canadian contribution should be. These variations affected the response to calls for enlistment and divided the country as the towns were more willing than the countryside, the prairies more willing than the Atlantic seaboard, and "it was observed that the proportion of enlistments achieved by any social group appeared to vary almost inversely to the length of its connection with Canada. On the one hand, the ritish-born -- the new arrivals with a large proportion of unattached males of military age -- gave the highest percentage of their numbers to the armed services, and, on the other hand, the French Canadians unquestionably gave the lowest…...

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Bibliography

Ameringer, Charles D. Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s: Canada, Latin America, and the West Indie.

Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1992.

Bothwell, Robert. History of Canada since 1867. Washington, D.C.: Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, 1996.

Boudreau, Joseph a. "Canada and the First World War: Essays in Honour of Robert "Canada and Worlod War I," the History of Canada (2007),  http://www.linksnorth.com/canada-history/canadaandworldwar1.html .

Impact of Prison Environment on Inmates' Mental Health and Rehabilitation Outcomes
The prison environment can have a profound impact on the mental health and rehabilitation outcomes of inmates. The conditions within prisons, including overcrowding, lack of privacy, and exposure to violence, can exacerbate existing mental health conditions and lead to the development of new ones. Furthermore, the isolation and stigma associated with incarceration can hinder successful reintegration into society.
Impact on Mental Health
Overcrowding: Prisons are often overcrowded, with many inmates forced to live in cramped and unsanitary conditions. This can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as physical....

- The portrayal of madness in literature
- The role of animals in literature
- Subverting traditional gender roles in literature
- The impact of colonialism and post-colonialism on literature
- The use of unreliable narrators in literature
- The portrayal of disabilities in literature
- The connection between music and literature
- The influence of mythology on contemporary literature
- The representation of environmental issues in literature
- The use of dreams and surrealism in literature.
Some other lesser-known but intriguing essay topics on literature that you may consider exploring could be:
- The depiction of time and temporality in literature
- The concept of liminality and its significance....