World Bank-ole in Avoiding Economic Crisis
World Bank and Economic Crisis

World Bank: How necessary is World Bank in avoiding an economic crisis?

Increased capital flows and economic crisis

Leveraging the liquidity of developed countries

Global Financial Development eport 2013 (GFD)

World Bank: How necessary is World Bank in avoiding an economic crisis?

As a result of Bretton Woods's conference, the World Bank (WB) was created in 1944. The most influential role in the establishment of WB was played by the U.S. And United Kingdom. This transnational institution comprises of two main institutions named as International Development Association (IDA) and International Bank for econstruction and Development (IBD). The main objective of this establishment is to provide loans to the under-developed and developing countries. Poverty alleviation and promotion of equitable economic growth are also amongst main objectives of this bank. The outcome of WB loans and funding is aimed to be the promotion and strengthening of international free…...

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References

Bretton Woods Project. (2013). Avoiding crashes on the financial 'Highway'? Retrieved from:  http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/art-571190 

GFDR. (2013). Global Financial Development Report. The World Bank. Retrieved from: http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTGLOBALFINREPORT/0,,contentMDK:23267383~pagePK:64168182~piPK:64168060~theSitePK:8816097,00.html

Ibrelji?, I., & Kozari?, A. (2009). The role of the international monetary fund and world bank in solving global financial crisis. Facta universitatis-series: Economics and Organization, 6(2), 161-176.

Lane, P.R. (2012). The European sovereign debt crisis. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 26(3), 49-67.

World Bank was established in 1944 with its headquarters at Washington, DC. It was formed as a single organization that later expanded to a group of five strongly connected development institutions. The five members of the World Bank Group include the International Bank for econstruction and Development (IBD), the International Development Association, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). The main reason behind its inception was to smooth the progress of post-war reconstruction and reorganization. However in the present times, its main objective is to alleviate worldwide poverty. It also focuses on:
the sustainable growth in the most underprivileged countries, helping weak states y providing solutions to the special confrontations, providing capital and investment for middle-income countries, global problems and disasters such as hazardous diseases, trade and climatic changes

Arab world as there are innumerable opportunities for development…...

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References

"About Us - History." World Bank Group. The World Bank Group, n.d. Web. 7 Sept. 2011.

French, Hilary F. . "The World Bank: Now Fifty, but How Fit?."World Watch Jul-Aug. 1994: 10+. Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning.. Web. 7 Sept. 2011.

Danaher, Kevin, ed. 50 Years Is Enough: The Case against the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Boston: South End Press, 1996. 146-47. Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. Web. 7 Sept. 2011.

World ank
Over the last several years, the World ank has played an important part in helping to ensure continuous economic growth throughout East Asia. As, the have worked with a number of different countries to improve their standards of living and in addressing a variety of lingering issues that have been impacting these areas. In the case of Hong Kong and Singapore, they have begun to experience above average growth during the 1980's and the 1990's. As, both countries began to see their GDP rise by 5% or more on yearly basis. (Wen, 2010) This is significant, because it allowed a number of businesses to begin developing their own markets to address the underlying demands of customers. To fully understand what is taking place in both situations requires: examining the two methods that have been utilized, the techniques that should be embraced by businesses and the rationale for these choices.…...

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Bibliography

Corniuk, C. (2011). Economic Growth Strategies for Hong Kong and Singapore. Cameron Coriuk. Retreived from:  http://cameroncorniuk.hubpages.com/hub/Economic-Growth-Strategies-for-Hong-Kong-Singapore 

Crook, C. (2002). Third World Economic Development. Econlib. Retrieved from:  http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/ThirdWorldEconomicDevelopment.html 

Wen, C. (2010). A Study on Technological Progress. HKU. Retrieved from: http://www0.hku.hk/hkcsp/ccex/ehkcss01/a_pdf2.htm

One way to reform the Bank would be to make it more accountable to an outside body of independent examiners, so that information it generates is not so self-serving and internally generated. In addition, since there have been so many charges of corruption and mismanagement, it is clear divisions such as the "anti-corruption" division are not working, and these areas need to undergo major reform. Perhaps a total reorganization of the Bank is in order, with a goal of replacing long-term Bank staff with new members, and undergoing serious organizational training and goals. If the Bank cannot remain corruption free, how can they possibly expect member nations and projects to maintain anti-corruption in their own areas? The Bank needs to take a hard look at itself and its goals, assess where it is meeting them, and where it is not, and make those changes, accordingly. They have enacted at…...

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References

Defending the World Bank. (2006, June 20). The Washington Times, p. A18.

Editors. (2008.) About us. Retrieved 6 June 2008 from the World Bank Web site: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/0,pagePK:50004410~piPK:36602~theSitePK:29708,00.html.

Editors. (2008). Accountability at the World Bank. Retrieved 6 June 2008 from the BICUSA Web site:  http://www.bicusa.org/en/Issue.25.aspx .

Editors. (2007). World Bank: Resigned Wolfowitz cites accomplishments. Retrieved 6 June 2008 from the Global Security Web site:  http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2007/05/mil-070519-rferl01.htm .

Perhaps as a reflection that the orld Bank had maintained more relevance over the past decade than the IMF, the G20 did not expand its role as significantly. There were, however, changes made to the orld Bank. The first step was to lessen the influence of the United States on the institution, which had been dominated by the Americans since its inception. More power was given to emerging economies such as China with respect to how the orld Bank is governed. The Bank was given $250 billion to help provide trade finance and additional development funding (Miller & Kennedy, 2009).

Of interesting note is the potential for dramatic shift in the role of the orld Bank. Traditionally run by Americans along American fundamental principles, the latest developments are pushing the orld Bank to become a more globally-minded entity. The increasing power handed to the world's emerging economies signals a fundamental shift…...

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Works Cited:

Reform of the IMF and World Bank: Where do Things Stand-Anthony Elson. World Economics. Henley-on-Thames: Apr-Jun 2007. Vol. 8, Iss. 2; pg. 65

No author. (2004). International Monetary Fund: The Role of the IMF and IMF History. CFTech. Retrieved April 17, 2009 from  http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/IMFHistory.html 

Kapur, Davesh; Lewis, John Prior; Webb, Richard Charles. (1997). The World Bank: History. Retrieved April 17, 2009 from  http://books.google.com/books?id=mtBFK_ACbv8C&printsec=frontcover 

No author. (2007). Finance and Economics: Sister-Talk; the World Bank and the IMF. The Economist. Mar 3, 2007. Vol. 382, Iss. 8518; pg. 87

22 (United States Census Bureau). Finally, Best Market esearch surveyed a disproportionate amount of those with incomes under $20,000 per year (United States Census Bureau), sample issues that most likely arose from the media of the survey, a survey. In addition to these severe sample discrepancies, the fact that the data was collected significantly earlier than the implementation date of the project is a serious time fallacy. Additionally, the statistical data only collected survey data from customers who logged onto the U.S.A. World Bank's web site. This limits the types of persons questioned to either customers of USA World Bank, those who are interested in USA World Bank, and those who accidentally stumbled onto the bank's web site. Thus, the population will not be random because it includes mostly those who already have a preference toward banking with USA World Bank, making the question regarding changing banks nearly meaningless.
Best Market…...

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References

Arsham, Hossein. (2008). Statistical Thinking for Managerial Decisions. Retrieved October 5, 2008, from the University of Baltimore.

Web Site:  http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbarsh/Business-stat/opre504.htm#rrstatthink 

News You Watch Says a Lot About How You'll Vote." (2008). Retrieved October 5, 2008 at  http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/election_20082/2008_presidential_election/news_you_watch_says_a_lot_about_how_you_ll_vote 

United States Census Bureau. (2008). Retrieved October 5, 2008, from the United States

The growing need for interdisciplinary education in the sciences has been recognized, as well, since students have often limited themselves to a specialized field without gaining the required skill sets to undertake broader issues.
As the world becomes more complex, technology faster and business increasingly competitive, organizations are going to need "enaissance people" who have a broad background in different areas, so they can clearly see the gestalt of a situation. When they are too pigeonholed, they will have more difficulty recognizing other avenues, making changes on a regular basis, or assume other roles when needed.

Within North America, traditional corporate structure used to be tightly hierarchal and segregated. Decisions were made by a very few individuals on top of the organizational pyramid. Today, organizations that are made up of narrow functional middle managers working within vertical and functional aligned departments are changing their structure or dying out. These layered firms…...

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References

Ethics in Practice (Hardcover)

Andrews, Kenneth. Ethics in Practice. Cambridge: Harvard Business School Press, 1989.

Folson, Burton Entrepreneurs vs. The State: A New Look at the Rise of Big Business in America, 1840 -- 1920. Herndon, VA: Young America's Foundation, (1987).

Glatthorn, a. Developing a quality curriculum. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1994.

China has been a strong driver of growth since 1980, and South Korea has contributed. The wealthy city-states of Hong Kong and Singapore may be among the richest countries in the Pacific im, but their overall economies remain small compared with the big three. The other nations in Asia that were charted -- Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam all were noted as being minor economies. They may have seen growth in fifty years, but they remain small economies with relatively low GDP per capita rates. As a result, the conclusion that can be drawn from the data is that Japan remains the most sophisticated economy in the Pacific im, with South Korea and China making some contributions to the region's economic relevance. The city-states are valuable contributors, albeit with small economies, and other nations remain peripheral to Asia's economic success story.
There has not been any noted dropoff in any…...

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References:

All statistics derive from the World Bank:  http://databank.worldbank.org 

Exhibit A: GDP in Constant 2000 USD 1960-2010 for Selected Asian Nations

Exhibit B:

Exhibit C

Poverty has always been the bane of society.
In modern-day times, with the easy spread of information, poverty is even more magnified. People in wealthy areas and situations are aware of exactly how poor people are wretched areas, and, more critically, people in wretched areas are entirely aware how wealthy people in more fortunate areas. Civilizations have always had vast discrepancies of wealth -- as is indicated by every GINI study -- but today, the knowledge of that discrepancy has become an even more viable and potent cause for violent action.

The events of September 11th were engendered by religious differences, yes, but the root cause is indisputably economic inequalities. The poor not only are poor, they now have access -- through technology -- to information like televisions which portray lives of opulence in other lands, and to weapons of mass danger. The vast majority of the world's poor are just that…...

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Works Cited and Consulted

Altman, D. "As Global Lenders Refocus, A Needy World

Waits." New York Times, March 25, 2002.

Einhorn, Jessica. "The World Bank's Mission Creep."

Foreign Affairs, Volume 80 Number 5.

Financial eports
The role of the state is subject to considerable debate, with respect to the forces of globalization. Some feel that the state will become obsolete. Certainly, the role of the state has evolved over time -- identities and the idea of sovereignty are subject to this evolution (Mozaffari, 2001). Stiglitz (2007) has argued that the expansion of globalization has outpaced this evolution of the nation-state. There is a good case to be made for this, certainly at present. Large-scale trade agreements are enforced through tribunals that are superordinated to national government justice systems, but that also lack transparency. Such tribunals are a recent development in globalization, but they have the power to render judgements to which a state is bound. Investor-state dispute settlement mechanisms (ISDS), as these extra-judicial bodies are known, essentially place corporate entities as the legal equivalent of a state, and given that the panels lack…...

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References

Baker, B. (2012). Leaked TPP investment chapter presents a grave threat to access to medicines. Northeastern University School of Law Research Paper No. 121-2012.

Chowla, P. (2012). The World Bank: A glimmer of a possibility of change. The Guardian. Retrieved January 9, 2016 from  https://www.globalpolicy.org/social-and-economic-policy/the-three-sisters-and-other-institutions/the-world-bank/51510-the-world-bank-a-glimmer-of-a-possibility-of-change-.html?itemid=id#956 

Easterly, W. (2009). The ideology of development. Foreign Policy. Retrieved January 9, 2016 from  http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/13/the-ideology-of-development/ 

Joshi, D. & O'Dell, R. (2013). Global governance and development ideology: The United Nations and the World Bank on the left-right spectrum. Global Governance. Vol. 19 (2) 249-275.

As they are interested in increasing economic growth at all costs, while ignoring the short- and long-term impacts that their actions could have on the population. This is evidence, of the validity of the criticisms leveled against: the World ank, it policies and its role. Where, they would play a part in helping to support, various activities that are contradictory to their intended purpose. In this aspect the various criticisms are accurate, as they highlight a hypocrisy that exists between: World ank policy and its long-term effects upon a country.
ibliography

About Us, 2009, World ank. Available from: [5 October 2010].

China Overtakes Japan as World's Second Largest Economy, 2010, loomberg. Available from: [5 October 2010].

Fighting Poverty, 2010, World ank. Available from: [5 October 2010].

Global Monitoring Report 2009, 2009, World ank. Available from: [5 October 2010].

Summit on Millennium Development Goals, 2010, UN. Available from: [5 October 2010].

What…...

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Bibliography

About Us, 2009, World Bank. Available from: [5 October 2010].

China Overtakes Japan as World's Second Largest Economy, 2010, Bloomberg. Available from: [5 October 2010].

Fighting Poverty, 2010, World Bank. Available from: [5 October 2010].

Global Monitoring Report 2009, 2009, World Bank. Available from: [5 October 2010].

hile the orld Bank is intended to assist in the development of the world's countries, the IMF's purpose is to keep a balance in the world's economy concerning financial operations between countries.
The effectiveness of the two has often been doubted with several other institutions from countries receiving assistance being able to take advantage of the funds provided by either the orld Bank or the IMF. Another reason for why some condemn the two institutions is the belief that the U.S. had actually created the orld Bank and the IMF in order to gain benefits from the deal.

Both the orld Bank and the IMF would certainly be more effective if their leaders would not give conditioned help and would see that all the people in the world would benefit the systems equally.

orks Cited

Driscoll, David. The IMF and the orld Bank: How Do They Differ?. International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm (accesed 9…...

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Works Cited

Driscoll, David. The IMF and the World Bank: How Do They Differ?. International Monetary Fund.   (accesed 9 December 2008)http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm 

Sustainability in Pharmaceutical Pricing
How Can Pharmaceutical Public-Private Partnerships Help to Achieve the Dissemination of affordable medicines - The Case of Anti Malaria Drugs in Nigeria?

Sustainability Perspective

Many individuals from developing countries who could benefit from pharmaceuticals products do not receive them due to high costs. Antiretroviral therapy's failure in reaching more than scant numbers of individuals in developing nations, suffering from AIDS, has drawn extensive publicity. However, even far cheaper medications that can be delivered easily aren't reaching numerous individuals who require them. Over a fourth of children all over the world and more than half of the children in a few nations do not receive vaccines, which come under the World Health Organization's (WHO's) Expanded Program on Immunization. Even though these vaccines only cost a family under a dollar a dose, they still cannot afford the medicine. The lack of access to beneficial pharmaceutical products and the inability of these…...

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References

AUSPA 2012, Policy & Advocacy, Western Australian Council of Social Service Inc., viewed 10 June 2017,

Buckley, J & Seamus, T 2005, International Pricing and Distribution of Therapeutic Pharmaceuticals: An Ethical Minefield. Business Ethics, pp.127-141.

Hussein, A 2015, The Use of Triangulation in Social Sciences Research: Can Qualitative and Quantitative Methods Be Combined? Journal of Comparative Social Work, vol. 4., no.1.

Lampard, R & Pole, C 2015. Practical social investigation: qualitative and quantitative methods in social research. Routledge: Abingdon, UK.

Economics & Global Health
Economically deprived nations are places where poverty is widespread, and poverty almost always leads to some form of hunger; facts show that people who do not have enough nutrients become ill. This is the deadly cycle that many developing countries face. "Poverty is the principal cause of hunger," according to the UN's Education Service; and the principal underlying cause of " ... poverty and hunger" is poorly administered economic and political systems. Control over those systems is often based on "military, political, and economic power that typically ends up in the hands of a minority"; those in power often live quite well while those at the bottom of the ladder " ... barely survive" (worldhunger.org). This paper delves into the problem of poor economics, poverty, and global health issues.

Hunger: The United Nations / orld Bank Programs

The United Nations and the orld Bank have programs to help the…...

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Works Cited

The World Bank. (2015). Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger by 2015. Retrieved

December 9, 2015, from  http://www.worldbank.org .

World Hunger Education Service. (2015). 2015 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics. Retrieved December 9, 2015, from  http://www.worldhunger.org .

World Trade
Discuss international trade issues and how they impact starting a business in Denmark and how it pursues doing business with other countries

Denmark has been following bilateral trade policy based on free trade. This has helped it penetrate major markets while keeping the balance between import and exports. Denmark has been successful in the policy and has a lot of products exported to the U.S. And these include pharmaceutical products, nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; electrical machinery and equipment, and Denmark also imports from the U.S. The World Bank economic indicators for Denmark for the year 2010 show that the current purchasing power per capita -- PPP is at $40,290. (Panjiva, 2012)

Denmark has expanded its trade relations recently with Canada. They both have identical business strategies. Both are based on the agri-food export sectors. The knowledge industries and the agricultural sector and modern concepts like renewable energy, and…...

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References

Canada International. (2012) "Canada & Denmark trade" Retrieved 24 October 2012 from  http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/denmark-danemark/bilateral_relations_bilaterales/canada_denmark-danemark.aspx?lang=eng&view=d 

Ebay.com. (2012a) "International trading policy" Retrieved 24 October 2012 from  http://pages.ebay.com/help/policies/international-trading.html 

Ebay.com. (2012b) "Welcome to the new ebay" Retrieved 24 October 2012 from http://announcements.ebay.com/2012/10/welcome-to-the-new-ebay/

EconomyWatch. (2010) "Denmark Export, Import and Trade"

According to the World Bank data (2020), Brazil has a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $1.4 trillion, making it the 9th largest economy in the world.
Brazil's wealth is mainly derived from its diverse economy, which includes agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and services. The country is a major exporter of commodities such as soybeans, iron ore, and oil, which contribute significantly to its GDP. Additionally, Brazil has a large domestic market with a population of over 200 million people, providing ample opportunities for businesses to thrive.

However, it is important to note that despite its economic size, Brazil still faces challenges related to....

Globalization and Economic Interconnectedness

Globalization, the interconnectedness of nations and peoples through trade, finance, and communication, has profoundly influenced the economies of the world. It has fostered a complex web of interdependencies, leading to a more interconnected and interdependent global economy.

Trade and Investment

Globalization has broken down trade barriers and reduced transportation costs, leading to a surge in global trade. Multinational corporations have established production facilities and supply chains in multiple countries, creating dense networks of trade flows. Countries have specialized in producing goods and services where they have a comparative advantage, leading to greater efficiency and lower consumer prices. Foreign direct....

Rehabilitating Forestland in Brgy. Ibabang Palale: A Comprehensive Plan
Introduction
Brgy. Ibabang Palale, nestled amidst the picturesque mountains of the Philippines, faces the pressing issue of forestland degradation. Years of deforestation, land conversion, and unsustainable practices have taken a toll on the local ecosystem. Recognizing the urgency of this matter, the community has embarked on a comprehensive plan to effectively rehabilitate their forestland.
Assessment and Planning
1. Baseline Survey: Conduct a thorough survey of the forestland's current condition, including species composition, soil health, and erosion risks.
2. Stakeholder Engagement: Involve local residents, indigenous communities, landowners, and government agencies in the planning process to ensure buy-in....

Factors Hinder Full Implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement
The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), launched in 2018, aims to create a single continental market for goods and services. However, its full implementation faces several challenges:
Infrastructure Deficiencies:
Inadequate transportation networks, poor port facilities, and insufficient energy infrastructure hinder efficient movement of goods and services across borders.
High transportation costs and delays at border crossings increase the cost of doing business.
Regulatory Barriers:
Varying customs procedures, trade regulations, and standards across countries create trade barriers.
Lack of harmonization and coordination among regulatory authorities slows down the flow of goods.
Trade Policy....