Each brings the evidence to light by utilizing a different set of sources, one slightly more personal and narrative than the other but both clearly expressive of the expansion of the ideals of America as a "white" masculine society of working class people that needed and obtained voice through ideals that attempted, at least to some degree to skirt the issue of race. Race was represented in both works as something ardently discussed but that went completely unresolved, as the "white" ideology of representation and power dominated the practicality of the day.
This reader was moved by reading both books, a greater understanding of how many times race was set on the backburner, even when it was something many had to look square in the face hundreds of times in a day is essential to a greater understanding of just how complicated tie issue really was and still is in…...
mlaWorks Cited
Ignatiev, Noel. 1995, How the Irish Became White. New York: Routledge.
Roediger, David R. 1999, the Wages of Whiteness. New York: Versio.
orking Class in England
First published in English in 1892, Frederick Engels' The Conditions of the orking-class in England in 1844 was a firsthand account of the everyday conditions of workers in a recently-industrialized England. Engels' book provides an ideal primary source for understanding the effect of the Industrial Revolution on English society, because a Engels is careful to contextualize his discussion of the working-class in 1844 Manchester with a comparison to conditions in rural England, as well as prior to industrialization. Engels begins with the historical and technological developments leading to industrialization, and then moves on to a discussion of the different experiences of industrial workers alongside further information concerning the environment of industrial cities themselves. In all, The Conditions of the orking-class in England offers the student of history a convincing and well-researched examination and critique of a newly industrial England and the social and historical forces that…...
mlaWorks Cited
Engels, Frederick. The Condition of the Working-class in England in 1844. London: Swan
Sonnenschein & Co, 1892.
Working Class
Surname
What was life like in the 19th century for the working class?
The conditions of towns were often very dreadful in the early 19th century. However, there came an improvement. The gaslight saw its first London light in 1807 at Pall Mall. Coming to the 1820s, many towns started introducing gas lighting in streetlights. In the early 19th century, most of the towns were untidy and dirty, overcrowded, and unsanitary. Men started forming groups that they referred to as pavement commissioners or improvement commissioners in the 19th century. They had the power and mandate to light, clean, and even pave the streets. During the same time, England had made divisions, which they named parishes. The power that the commissioners had could only be applied in some areas. In the parishes nearby, houses were built as the towns grew. It was very unfortunate that the commissioners had no power over…...
mlaReferences
Halsall Paul (a). Modern History Sourcebook: Harriet Robinson: Lowell Mill Girls. Fordham University. 1997. Web. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/robinson-lowell.asp
Halsall Paul (b). Modern History Sourcebook: Women Miners in the English Coal Pits. Fordham University. 1998. Web. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1842womenminers.asp
Laura Del Col (a). Chadwick's Report on Sanitary Conditions. The Victorian Web. 2002. Web.
White working class Americans during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries found themselves in a social order that was fundamentally reorganizing itself. The railroads stitched the nation together at the same time as they began to wrench people and communities out of their rural or agrarian ways of life. The abolishment of slavery meant that agriculture needed to be altered within the south, and it drove many Americans to seek out new ways to reassert the racial hierarchies that had so long been the heart of America's social order. Some working class whites looked to new political movements to answer the emerging questions and difficulties of the changing times. Many acted to strengthen the labor movement, but found fierce and violent resistance from businessmen and corporations. Ultimately, it was a difficult and perilous time for the white working class, fraught with numerous failures and some successes. Essentially, the emergence…...
Marxs Dialectical Historical MaterialismMarxs position on dialectical historical materialism and the importance of the economic system was that materiality deserves its primacy of place in the discussion of ideals. Ideals should be connected to materialism and not an independent subject, such as in the Hegelian ideal. Marx (1873) believed that the ideal is nothing else than the material world reflected by the human mind and translated into forms of thought. His view was that all things were connected, in nature, and through materialism, everything integrated and intertwined and thus nothing should understood in isolation: a phenomenon could only be understood and explained if considered in its inseparable connection with surrounding phenomena, as one conditioned by surrounding phenomena (Stalin, 1938). The surrounding phenomena, moreover, are responsible for the constant development and rising into being of things: and the dialectical historical materialism of Marx transposes this view of nature onto society, showing…...
mlaReferences
Eagleton, Terry. 1991. Ideology: An Introduction. London: Verso.
Marx, Karl. 1873. Capital: Afterward. Retrieved Apr. 30, 2018
( https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/p3.htm) .
As such, there are relatively few substitute goods (other types of foods are more expensive and, as a result, cannot be considered as substitute goods), the level of necessity is high (fast food is, for many of the poorer communities, the only source of food and, because of this, people are willing to pay a higher price without changing their volume of consumption), but also because of habits: people who consume fast food will simply grow too attached to it to give it up even if the price is slightly increased.
There is also another important element to be mentioned: the price hikes were reasonably low. For a $5 ig Mac (the price is actually lower, but as a reference), the 3.3% increase in its price represents $0.165. The amount is significantly low, too low to be noticeable by the consumer when completing his individual purchase. Added over time and over…...
mlaBibliography
1. AUSTRALIAN FAIR PAY COMMISSION SUBMISSION -- R&CA 2009. On the Internet at Last retrieved on July 28, 2010http://www.fairpay.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/D222581A-7A06-47C8-8584-6A65198823CB/0/RandCA_submission_2009.pdf.
2. The Allen Consulting Group. August 2007. Evaluation of the Restaurant and Catering Industry Action Agenda.
3. Nijs, Vincent; Pauwels, Koen. 2009. Rational Retail Pricing. Kellog Insight. On the Internet at Last retrieved on July 27, 2010http://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/index.php/Kellogg/article/rational_retail_pricing .
4. Burke, Kelly. February 2009. Poorer pay more for Maccas. The Sydney Morning Herald. On the Internet at Last retrieved on July 27, 2010http://www.smh.com.au/national/poorer-pay-more-for-maccas-20090226-8ikt.html .
SOCIOLOGY - HO ORKING-CLASS PEOPLE EXPERIENCE BOTH STRUCTURAL AND CULTURAL BARRIERS TO UPARD MOBILITY.
The American Dream is a popular cultural fiction that drives many Americans to work hard and persistently for upward mobility. Unfortunately, structural and cultural barriers show that the American Dream is too often a myth for the working class. The works of G. illiam Domhoff and Barbara Ehrenreich give two valuable perspectives on the obstacles that many in the working class cannot overcome in order to have the American Dream.
Structural Barriers to Upward Mobility
The persistent American Dream of upward mobility through hard work and determination has proven to be a cruel myth for working class people. The cruelty, reasons and effects of the myth are revealed by G. illiam Domhoff and Barbara Ehrenreich from two different perspectives. Domhoff approaches the myth as a research professor who studies, interprets and sometimes verifies other research regarding the myth. Ehrenreich…...
mlaWorks Cited
Domhoff, G. W. (2006). The Corporate Community and the Upper Class. In G. W. Dumhoff, Who rules America?: power and politics, and social change, 5th edition (pp. 71-123). Mountainview: Mayfield Publishing.
Ehrenreich, B. (2011). Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting By in America. New York: Picador.
Segregation and the Rise of the hite orking Class
The primary theme of the reading entitled "Segregation and the Rise of the hite orking Class," which is the third chapter in illiam Julius ilson's book The Declining Significance of Race, is the economic reasons for racial subjugation in the United States. The author provides a plethora of evidence that indicates that money and varying economic principles intertwined with class and Marxism were at the heart of the racial issue and antagonism between hites and Blacks within this country. He examines this theme from a pre-Civil ar context in both the North and the South largely viewed through the framework of slavery and its effects in these areas. He also deconstructs this theme after the war in economic and political terms that are largely divided along racial lines.
There are several pieces of evidence that the author uses to marshal this theme. The…...
mlaWorks Cited
Wilson, William Julius. The Declining Significance of Race. Illinois: University of Chicago Press. 2012. Print.
Immigration Versus Class
Today, immigrants comprise a significant proportion of the population of the U.S. and other developed countries. Factors such as globalization and technological advancements have played a crucial role in accelerating this trend. For developed countries, immigration has historically made substantial contributions to economic growth and development -- right from the era of slavery to modern times. Nonetheless, immigration has led to class struggles, creating an ever-widening divide between citizens and immigrants.
According to Buruma (2014), grievances against immigrants have been on the rise over the years in most developed countries. For example, in 2014, epublicans in the U.S. showed immense displeasure with President Obama's offer to allow undocumented immigrants who had lived in the U.S. for several years to apply for citizenship. The discomfort with immigrants in the U.S. has gained further momentum in the wake of President Donald Trump's entry to the White House a few months ago.…...
mlaReferences
Buruma, I. (2014). Immigration and the new class divide. Retrieved from buruma-2014-12https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/anti-immigration-anxiety-by-ian -
Galston, W. (2016). On immigration, the White working class is fearful. Retrieved from working-class-is-fearful/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2016/06/24/on-immigration-the-white -
Kopf, D. (2017). The U.S. has more immigrant inventors than every other country combined. Retrieved from every-other-country-combined/https://qz.com/890943/the-us-has-more-immigrant-inventors-than -
Oppression of Class And Gender
Class and gender are two separate but related concepts in the sociological analysis and understanding of inequality and oppression in society. A definition of class is "A group of individuals ranked together as possessing common characteristics; as, the different classes of society; the educated class; the lower classes." (Definition of class)
According to the sociologist Max Weber class is defined in relation to the way that goods and services are distributed or allocated in a society.
All communities are arranged in a manner that goods, tangible and intangible, symbolic and material are distributed. Such a distribution is always unequal and necessarily involves power. "Classes, status groups and parties are phenomena of the distribution of power within a community."
(MAX WEER: asic Terms)
Class therefore refers to the categories in a society of those who have access to wealth and privilege and those who do not. Class is also linked to…...
mlaBibliography
"Advertising Images of Girls and Women." 1997 Children Now. Retrieved May 12, 2005. ( http://www.childrennow.org/media/medianow/mnfall1997.html )
Chaffins, S., Forbes, M., Fuqua, H.E., & Cangemi, J.P. 1995. "The Glass Ceiling: Are Women Where They Should Be." Education, 115(3), 380+. Retrieved May 12, 2005, from Questia database. ( http://www.questia.com )
Cohen, C.I. 2002. " Economic Grand Rounds: Social Inequality and Health: Will Psychiatry Assume Center Stage? Retrieved May 11, 2005. ( http://ps.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/53/8/937
"Changing Ideal Body Types over the Century." 2002. Retrieved May 12, 2005.
Great Britain has always possessed a rigid class structure with few chances for upward mobility. However, in modern times, class structure has received a new face-lift. Instead of the traditional three tiered social class structure, instead is in place a seven tiered class structure that has various ways to measure class that include social, cultural, and economical. Therefore, class within British society, is not just categorized through how much money a person has, but also how socially and culturally active they are. Still, there is some debate to whether or not class plays an important role in British society as much as it did in the past. Evidence suggest it does and the more money and influence a person has in society, the more likely they will do well and receive more opportunities, therefore removing the notion that class does not have much of an impact on a person's future.
Going…...
mlaReferences
Akinwale, B., Lynch, K., Wiggins, R., Harding, S., Bartley, M. And Blane, D. (2010). Work, permanent sickness and mortality risk: a prospective cohort study of England and Wales, 1971-2006. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 65(9), pp.786-792.
Bianchi, S. And Milkie, M. (2010). Work and Family Research in the First Decade of the 21st Century. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), pp.705-725.
Boliver, V. (2010). Expansion, differentiation, and the persistence of social class inequalities in British higher education. High Educ, 61(3), pp.229-242.
Holden, C., Kilkey, M. And Ramia, G. (2011). Social policy review. Bristol, U.K.: Policy Press.
Thus, these two stories point out a variety of plights for the working person of the modernist time. First, they both suggest that socioeconomic status and occupational status is very closely tied to respect within the community. ithout a good job, both stories imply, it is easy for one to be looked down upon in addition to being chastised. Second, the stories point out that working conditions can be so deplorable that they affect a person's mental and emotional functioning and characteristics. This certainly occurs in Abner's case, as he is driven to a violence that eventually kills him because of the work that he must do, toiling daily for those who have more wealth and power. For Krebs, too, the conditions of fighting as a soldier have so impaired his emotional and psychological faculties that he finds it difficult to assimilate into the society and the family that he…...
mlaWorks Cited
Faulkner, William. "Barn Burning." RajuAbju.com n.d. Rajuabju.com. 30 March 2009.
Hemingway, Ernest. "A Soldier's Home." Department of Interdisciplinary Studies:
Virginia Tech. 1925. Virginia Tech. 30 March 2009.
Working Poor and the Efficacy of the Earned Income Credit and T.A.N.F.
When many Americans think of poverty, they think of people who are not working. Moreover, when they think of social welfare programs, they think of those programs aimed at assisting families without wage earners. However, many of America's poor are the working poor; families with one or two wage earners that are still mired in the depths of poverty. The government has implemented two different programs aimed at providing financial assistance to these Americans: the Earned Income Credit (EIC) is a special income tax rebate for low-income workers which can actually help low-wage workers avoid paying any income taxes and entitle them to a cash rebate beyond any taxes that they have paid; while the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program provides for the direct distribution of cash payments to families struggling with poverty.
These two programs signaled a…...
mlaReferences
Anderson, S.G., Halter, A.P., & Gryzlak, B.M. (2004). Difficulties after leaving TANF: Inner-
city women talk about reasons for returning to welfare. Social Work, 49(2),
185-194.
Cancian, M. & Meyer, D. (2004). Alternative measures of economic success among TANF
orking Poor
In his book, The orking Poor: Invisible in America, David K. Shipler investigates the often-ignored plight of working Americans who struggle with poverty. Shipler describes the combination of low-paying, dead end jobs and a vicious cycle of poverty that work together to stifle any hope of a better life for America's invisible working poor. Poor medical care, housing and education, coupled with child and sexual abuse help to create a cycle of poverty that can only be broken with the creation of a political will aimed to end the plight of the working poor, notes Shipler.
In The orking Poor, Shipler presents a thorough portrait of the lives and circumstances of the 35 million working poor in America. These Americans are those who are caught in relatively low paying, dead-end jobs, and who face enormous struggles in order to better their lot in the word. There jobs often offer little…...
mlaWorks Cited
Shipler, David K. 2004. The Working Poor: Invisible in America, 1st edition. Knopf.
Working Parent
Working full time while being a parent to two children is one of the most challenging positions to be in. According to Barrow (2006), most working parents spend just 19 minutes a day looking after their children. The situation is more intense for working mothers than fathers, as record numbers of women are working full time while also contending with mortgages, household bills, and rising cost of petrol and other expenses.
Mothers like me who have husbands that can watch the children are the lucky ones. Yet it remains a struggle. Although my husband does pick up the kids from school and watches them while I am at work, he still ascribes to traditional gender roles and norms that make my job tougher. In addition to working full time, I also perform the household domestic chores: a form of unpaid labor that must be factored into my daily energy expenditures.…...
mlaReferences
American Association of Law Libraries (2011). "Writing Learning Outcomes." Retrieved online: http://www.aallnet.org/prodev/outcomes.asp
Barrow, B. (2006). 19 minutes - how long working parents give their children. Daily Mail. July 19, 2006. Retrieved online: -- long-working-parents-children.htmlhttp://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-396609/19-minutes
"Learning Outcomes," (n.d.). Retrieved online: http://liad.gbrownc.on.ca/programs/insadult/currlo.htm
Prevor, J. (2007). Pundit's Mailbag -- Wal-Mart's Market Managers. Retrieved online: http://www.perishablepundit.com/index.php?date=03/09/07&pundit=7
Before you can tackle any type of analysis through a specific lens, it is important to make sure that you thoroughly understand that lens. Marxism-Feminism attempts to tackle some of the underlying weaknesses in both Marxist theory and feminist theory, because Marxism fails to address some of the gender issues that impact class and feminist theory fails to address some of the class issues that impact gender. Because of how class and gender intersect in The Handmaid’s Tale, it is a perfect piece for analysis through this particular lens,
The sexism in The....
I. Introduction
A. Definition of social class
B. Importance of understanding social class
C. Thesis statement: This essay explores the concept of social class and its implications in society.
II. Overview of Social Class
A. Different social classes
1. Upper class
2. Middle class
3. Working class
4. Lower class
B. Factors determining social class
1. Income and wealth
2. Occupation and education
3. Lifestyle and social connections
III. Social Mobility and Class Structure
A. Social mobility
1. Definition and types: upward and downward mobility
2. Factors affecting social mobility
B. Class structure and stratification
1. Layers of social hierarchy
2. Role....
1. Explore the theme of power and corruption in Animal Farm.
2. Discuss the significance of the characters Napoleon and Snowball in the novel Animal Farm.
3. Analyze the role of propaganda in Animal Farm and how it is used to manipulate the animals.
4. Investigate the theme of loyalty and betrayal in Animal Farm.
5. Compare and contrast the leaders in Animal Farm with historical figures or political leaders.
6. Examine the role of technology and innovation in Animal Farm and how it contributes to the animals' rebellion.
7. Discuss the role of language and communication in Animal Farm and how it influences the animals'....
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