estern Europe Since the End of II in 1945
hat do you consider the biggest changes to have taken place in estern Europe after 1945? After orld ar II, Europe became divided into two blocs: the East and the est. This division was caused by the rapid spread of Communism in Eurasia or Eastern Europe propagated by the Soviet Union. hile the Eastern Europe was converted into becoming a Communist-Socialist society, estern Europe was given foreign aid by the United States through the European Recovery Program. The ERP is part of the U.S.-led Marshall Plan for the European and Asian regions, in its attempt to regain control over other countries and curb the growing influence of Communism in the said regions. Because the Eastern Europe was already influenced by Communism, Eastern Europe, although it remained susceptible to Communist influence, gained from the ERP and was able to economically recover and…...

mla

What were the origins of the Cold War? Could it have been avoided? How has the end of Cold War affected global politics? The origins of the Cold War dates back as early as the pre-WWII period, wherein Soviet Union and the U.S. are already showing an antagonistic relationship. It was only during the WWII that they were compelled to become allies, with the objective that they will seek dominant control and power over all nations of the world after the war. Thus, the Cold War was an inevitable event, since it was based on the conflict between two superpowers during the time. Although the end of the Cold War also marked the downfall and failure of the Communist experiment in the Soviet Union, the Cold War instilled in the minds of the people that the prevailing ideologies that are capitalism and democracy can be challenged and changed.

Why was the revolution of 1989 in Eastern Europe a relatively peaceful one? The Revolution of 1989 manifested the eventual fall-out of Eastern European countries with Soviet Union and Communism. This revolution was a relatively peaceful one because these countries adopted liberal democracy and the free market and trade model of the U.S. Thus, the revolution was not so much a "revolution" but a change from being a Communist-Socialist to a Capitalist-Democratic society.

What are the main problems facing the European Union in the next five years? The main problem that the EU will be facing in the next five years is the issue of widening its membership and ensuring the success of the euro, the region's single currency program that aims to promote and spur European economic growth and stability.

(allerstein 2002, p. 51).
Russia suffered many of the problems that were prevalent in other cultures where capitalism could have beenimagined to develop. Like Japan, Russia had a centralized government that controlled society and eliminated any chance of private enterprise and limited the ownership of land. It was not until the Revolution of 1905 that the serfs attained true freedom. (Figes 2002, p. 331). Afterwards, the nation was dominated by Marxist policies that purposely conflicted with capitalist ideology. Before all this, despite the efforts of Peter the Great, Russia remained beholden to its traditional mode of thinking. This was a type of thought that avoided competition and encouraged the growth of prominent families who most often had connections with the nation's elite.

In Latin America capitalism was stifled by many of the familiar reasons. hile the est was endowed with a capitalist spirit, one which could be connected to a protestant…...

mla

Works Cited

Banaji, Jairus. (2007). Islam, The Mediterannean and the Rise of Capitalism. Historical Materialism. 15 (1), 51

De Soto, Hernando (2003). The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else. New York: Basic Books. 208.

Figes, Orlando (2002). Natasha's Dance. New York: Metropolitan Books. 331.

Huntington, Samuel (2002). The Clash of Civilizations. London: Simon & Schusrer. 21.

United States & United Kingdom
Western Europe Politics

International Relations:

The United States & United Kingdom

The purpose of this paper is to examine the close relationship between the United States and United Kingdom and attempt to determine the roots of these strong bonds from a time when the U.S. was still a ritish Colony to present day. Further this work will explain why this bond in essence forces the ritish to go along with the U.S. On International issues and endeavors and to determine if this bond will break considering the aftermath of the war with Iraq and the criticism both nations have been in receipt of for basically going at it alone in the war against Iraq.

Introduction:

The United States and the United Kingdom have a long-running history between the two countries and in the present sense the United Kingdom is the largest customer that the United States has and the United States…...

mla

Bibliography:

"U.S. -- U.K. Appear Split on Iraq Body Power" United Press International

Hore, Peter (2003) "U.S. -- U.K. Tie Will Endure but With a Chill. Newsday Report 11-30-2003

Lister, Richard (2001) U.S. And the U.K: Special Relationship? BBC News [Online] at:  http://bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1185177.htm 

'U.S. -- U.K. Alliance Shows Strain (2003) United Press International Analysis 3-31-2003

darkest periods in European history, the fourteenth century was marked by a number of catastrophes that contributed to extreme warring and economic hardship. The fourteenth century marked many of Europe's worst crises, among them were: the Hundred Years ar, the Black Death, and mass social crisis and revolt due to a plunging economy.
The Hundred Years war occurred between 1337 and the 1400s (Fourteenth Century). The conflict consumed many nations, but most notably England and France. Both European powers were vying for control over parts of the European mainland. The outbreak of the war was not sudden, but rather resulted from a number of smaller conflicts, and a rise in tensions between the two nations. English kings and nobles controlled large portions of land within French territory, and were vying for influence within the country. The French, however, were not willing to grant the English land owners the autonomy they…...

mla

Works Cited

Cantor, Norman. In the Wake of the Plague. New York: Free Press. 2001.

The Fourteenth Century." (Electronic Version). Accessed 6/1/2003.   Years War1108http://www.saradouglass.com/14th.html#TheHundred 

[15] The United States saw that this must be prevented at all costs due to Greece's connection to the economies of estern European and
United States. Furthermore, with Greece's strategic position in the
Mediterranean region and proximity to the Middle East, it and Turkey could
be vital allies in the future of global politics.[16]
Greece, Turkey, and Iran were part of the so-called Northern
Tier which was a buffer zone designed to stop the USSR from getting to the
Middle Eastern oil reserves and the Persian Gulf. Some have suggested that
these nations were used as pawns in a much larger political game. Since
those nations needed assistance, they were given it, but with certain
expectations about their future allegiances. This was certainly what
Truman with his famous doctrine was expected to have happen in this region
of the world.[17]
The aid package that Truman proposed and that was approved on May 22,
1947, by the U.S. Congress was valued at $400 million. Some…...

mla

Works Cited

Bernaris, Anthony. "Oral History Interview with Anthony Bernaris" By

Philip C.

Brooks. Truman Presidential Museum and Library. 30 April 1964. 19

January

2007.  

Clogg, Richard. A Concise History of Greece. New York: Cambridge

University Press,

1992.http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/bernaris.htm#10 

World War II ended, significant efforts were made by the allies to implement democracy in West Germany and Japan. The transition from authoritarianism to democracy would not be an easy task to complete efficiently (Katz). In time both of these countries were transformed from militarist regimes with weak democratic cultures into models of democracy (nterline and Greig). In their foreign policy analysis, Andrew J. nterline and J. Michael Greig have stated that the following:
West Germany and Japan were critical to the functioning, and ultimate success, of the Western security system during the Cold War, and served as beacons of democracy, economic prosperity, and peaceful foreign relations in regions notable for authoritarian regimes, state controlled economics, domestic turmoil, and interstate conflict.

In 2003, after entering Baghdad, the senior U.S. staff officer found himself and his division in a similar situation of turmoil. There were given no instructions or orders regarding what…...

mla

Enterline, Andrew J., and J. Michael Greig. "Against All Odds? The History of Imposed Democracy and the Future of Iraq and Afghanistan." Foreign Policy Analysis 4 (2008): 321-347. Wiley Online. Web. 21 Apr. 2011.

Michael, McFaul. "Democracy Promotion as a World Value." The Washington Quarterly 28.1 (2004): 147-163. Project Muse. Web. 21 Apr. 2011.

Katz, Stanley N. "Gun Barrel Democracy? Democratic Constitutionalism Following Military Occupation: Reflections on the U.S. Experience in Japan, Germany, and Afghanistan and Iraq." Princeton Law & Public Affairs Paper No. 04-010. Web. 21 Apr. 2011.

The 1956 Suez Canal Crisis caused an indirect confrontation when America's allies France, Britain, and Israel made an unsuccessful military attempt to take over the Suez Canal from the Soviet Union's ally Egypt. After the U.S.S.. threatened to become militarily involved in the crisis, the U.S. forced its allies to concede defeat.
The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis occurred after the U.S. discovered that the U.S.S.. had secretly supplied Cuba with nuclear-armed missiles. This discovery was especially alarming because now the U.S.S.. could militarily subdue its rival by easily launching missiles against it. After a naval blockade around Cuba and intense negotiations the U.S.S.. was finally made to remove the missiles in exchange for the U.S. pledge not to overthrow Cuba's Communist regime.

eferences

The Cold War." (N.D) in the Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard 2005 CD....

mla

References

The Cold War." (N.D) in the Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia Standard 2005 CD.

What is usually unconcealed is that much of the machinery and social prototypes which make up what is distinct as modernization were urbanized in the Western worlds. Whether these technical and social prototypes are essentially part of Western civilization is more complicated to respond. Many would dispute that the query cannot be responded by a reply from science and as an alternative is a worth question which should be answered from a respect scheme. However, much of anthropology these days has shown the close connection between the physical surroundings and daily actions and the configuration of a civilization such as the findings of society's ecology with others. In contrast to many other civilizations in the world, western civilizations lean to highlight the individuals. On the other hand, western societies have usually been more communally cooperative by giving a foremost significance to social preponderance civilization or propensities such as mores,…...

mla

Bibliography

Wikipedia. (December 27, 2007) Western Culture. Retrieved on December 30, 2007 at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culture

Imperialism also became a key source of power for European nations. Colonial landholdings by the British, French, Spanish, and Dutch strengthened those nations politically and economically. Power could be substantiated by nationalistic propaganda. After 1870, the balance of power in Europe changed to accommodate for the emergence of two newly unified nations: Germany and Italy. The strategic alliances forged between various nation-states in Europe and the corruption that ensued led to the First and Second World Wars. Those wars in turn altered the balance of power throughout the world, allowing the United States to emerge as a superpower. Thus, nation-states in power, which are headed by elite and powerful social groups, help determine the course of history. Power is influence over a specific geographic region and can possibly translate to power globally.
4. Known as the Iron Chancellor, Otto von Bismark helped unified Germany and effectively consolidated power in a…...

mla

References

Donohue, L. (nd) "Congress of Vienna." Retrieved June 20, 2007 at http://www.cusd.chico.k12.ca.us/~bsilva/projects/congress/vienessy.html

Kishlansky, M., Geary, P., & O'Brien, P. (2007). Civilization in the West. 5th edition. Pearson-Longman. Retrieved June 20, 2007 at  http://wps.ablongman.com/long_kishlansky_cw_5/0,6472,270050-,00.html 

Kreis, S. (2000). "Origins of the French Revolution." The History Guide. Retrieved June 20, 2007 at  http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture11a.html 

Otto von Bismark: The Iron Chancellor of germany." Retrieved June 20, 2007 at  http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/weekly/aa092000a.htm

Western Art and Christianity
During the past millennium, Western art has been heavily influenced by Christianity. Art is an extension of the many complex thoughts and images that swim within an artist's mind. Because many Western artists have traditionally been raised in a Christian environment, it is difficult for their religious beliefs to be fully separated from their artwork, and oftentimes it is embraced in the works, or a patron has requested it be the specific subject matter. Although this heavy Christian influence would see a swift departure during the Renaissance, it would remain engrained in Western culture until the present day.

The Reformation heralded a swift separation between Christians in Europe, as Roman Catholics and Protestants divided roughly along a North to South split. Protestants seemed to dominate the North while the South remained dominated by Catholic countries. While much of the art in Protestant countries retained a secular subject matter…...

) and towards the more practical needs for Aryan survival.
c. hy did a growing number of Germans support Hitler and the Nazi Party in the years leading up to his appointment as chancellor?

There are many arguments to this question, but one that surfaces more often than others focuses on economics and self-preservation. The German people were humiliated by the Treaty of Versailles -- their military and economic system had been stripped away, their debt unbearable, and their economy was being controlled by other countries. The ideas of National Socialism were attractive to many: unification of the German Volk, reestablishing the German lands as a country dedicated to certain ideals, focusing on ethnic and linguistic similarities, the overthrow of Versailles, the idea of German self-determination, lebensraum (room for Germans to live, grow and prosper), and an improvement over the crippling inflation and economic woes of the eimar Government, seen by many…...

mla

Works Cited

Burke, Edmund. Reflections on the Revolution in France. Primary Source

Documents, History 100.

Hitler, a. Mein Kampf. Primary Source Documents, History 100.

Marx, Karl and F. Engels. The Communist Manifesto. Primary Source

(Woyke, 2002, p. 27) From a Turkish perspective membership would allow Turkey fundamentally stronger trade rights and privileges and waiting much longer could allow her to slip into a non-competitive role in the region. The EU is so strong that the development of the region depends on support from ember states. Isolationist arguments on the part of the EU would seem illogical given the nature of the union as well as the diplomatic manner in which it has accepted members and formed cohesive networks. Turkey will likely be accepted into the union at some point, in the near future, and yet it may take a monumental fight for it to occur. The strategic advantages will have to be weighed against monumental opposition to creating an EU that is to vast and diverse to control.
eferences

Clarke, K. (2006). Crossing over? Turkey and the European Union. Harvard International eview, 27(4), 13.

Bache I.…...

mla

References

Clarke, K. (2006). Crossing over? Turkey and the European Union. Harvard International Review, 27(4), 13.

Bache I. And George S., (2006), Politics in the European Union (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press

Nugent N., (2003) (5th ed.), the Government and Politics of the European Union, Houndmils, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan

Peterson J., (1999), Decision-Making in the European Union, London: The MacMillan Press.

The Church also viewed exploration and territorial expansion as a means to spread the doctrine and power of the Church.
3.) Describe the difference between an absolute monarch and an enlightened despot.

The differences between an absolute monarch and an enlightened despot are largely superficial. Both legitimate their power through hereditary lineage and both rule without political opposition or a balance of powers. both are autocrats. No constitution or set of laws are in place to keep the powers of either ruler in check. Both rely on some external sources of support, and it is primarily in those external sources that the absolute monarch and the enlightened despot differ. The enlightened despot is less closely connected to the Church. His political philosophy is heavily influenced by Enlightenment values. Thus, the enlightened monarch supports basic tenets like scientific exploration and a greater degree of social and religious tolerance than the absolute monarch…...

mla

References

Enlightened Despots." Internet Modern History Sourcebook. Retrieved June 1, 2007 at  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook11.html 

Gilbert, W. "Renaissance and Reformation." Retrieved June 1, 2007 at  http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/ 

Rempel, G. "Mercantilism." Retrieved June 1, 2007 at http://mars.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/mercantilism.html

Steingrad, E. "Louis XIV." Retrieved June 1, 2007 at  http://www.louis-xiv.de/index.php?t=start&a=start#2

Jews worship in synagogues, which rarely share common architectural elements in common with one another. ather, the presence of the Arc within a synagogue remains one of the only features present in synagogues around the world. Some of the ultra-liberal synagogues from the eform tradition may not even have an Arc.
Christian churches vary widely, too. Catholic Churches constructed in Europe during the height of the Church's power from the late Middle Ages through the Enlightenment often share some elements in common including cross-shaped floor plan and altar. Mosques may differ widely but most have minarets topped with the symbol of the crescent moon. Unlike Christianity, neither Judaism nor Islam tolerates the presence of any anthropomorphic representations within their holy places. Thus, the interiors of synagogues and mosques contain only geometric and abstract designs in contrast to the prolific imagery of Christ, the apostles, and the saints in Catholic churches.

The…...

mla

References

Rich, T. (2002). "Halakhah: Jewish Law." Judaism 101. Retrieved Aug 7, 2006 at  http://www.jewfaq.org/halakhah.htm 

Hein, A. (2006) "A History of Women's Ordination as Rabbis." Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved Aug 7, 2006 at  http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/femalerabbi.html 

The Islamic Calendar." Calendars through the Ages. Retrieved Aug 7, 2006 at  http://webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-islamic.html 

Kennedy, D.J. (1912; 2003). Sacraments. New Advent Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved Aug 7, 2006 at  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13295a.htm

People accepted science, and so they also accepted the idea that humans were not unique, but were descendents of animals, and products of the natural world. Thus, some people felt the theories of evolution actually eliminated meaning and purpose from the universe, and that man's contribution to the universe was slight at best. It was clear man enjoyed superior intellect to other life forms on Earth, but in the universe, that might not be true, and so humanity's place in the universe seemed to mean less than it did before, which was distressing to many people. People still had faith and beliefs, but scientific reasoning brought much of this into question, and many felt humanity was losing ground to science and scientific thought. It was a time of great change and innovation, and humanity became less important and yet vital at the same time.
eferences

Spielvogel. Jackson J. Western Civilization. St.…...

mla

References

Spielvogel. Jackson J. Western Civilization. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company, 1997.

....

Chivalry refers to a code of conduct that was developed in the latter part of the Middle Ages in various parts of western Europe, most notably in what are parts of modern day France and Britain.  Though it may be referred to a system or the chivalric code, it is not actually a codified system of norms or behaviors, but instead an informal code of moral behavior.  Its origins can be traced back to around 1170, though it draws upon moral codes from earlier times, especially the Carolingian Empire, which featured a similar idolization of the soldier/warrior.

Chivalry is a very....

The Reformation was one of the most significant religious movements in the modern Christian Church.  Also known as the Protestant Reformation, it is most highly associated with Martin Luther, who began the Reformation by publishing the Ninety-five Theses in 1517, which lead to a split between the Catholic Church and Luther in 1521 with the Edict of Worms.  This Edict officially condemned Luther and was aimed at preventing people who were Catholics, which consisted of most of Europe, which was part of the Holy Roman Empire, from supporting or defending Luther’s ideas. 

The....

Title: The Bitter Bean: Core-Periphery Dynamics in the Global Coffee Industry

Introduction:
The global coffee industry vividly exemplifies the core-periphery relationships prevalent in the world economy. Core countries, such as the United States and Western Europe, exhibit economic dominance and control over production and distribution, while peripheral countries in the Global South, where coffee is primarily cultivated, experience exploitation and marginalization. This essay delves into recent news developments in the coffee industry and analyzes how they reflect these core-periphery dynamics.

Coffee Prices and Income Inequality:
Recent reports highlight the widening income gap between coffee producers and corporations. In 2023, the global coffee industry was....