What happened with Watergate was exactly this type of unfortunate substitute of the democratic process with the will of another institution.
The subject of the paper is very important for U.. history exactly because of the implications of what was previously described. It is not a singular case of an American President attempting to substitute himself to the general democratic framework or usual democratic channels.

Andrew Jackson had attempted to decrease the role played by Congress and rule absolutely and despotically. Just in the same manner, the U.. institutions (namely the legislative and judicial branches) joined together in order to ensure that President Nixon could not use his executive prerogatives to bypass some of the usual procedures and means by which things are done, including in issues concerning the national security. Ideally, Watergate should have also emphasized the idea according to which nobody is above the law. Because of the reasons…...

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Sources:

1) www.watergate.info.com

This source gives the historical and political context of Watergate, brief biography of Richard Nixon. Also gives a detailed study of Nixon's resignation speech on August 8, 1974. There is also a brief timeline of events. Also gives a transcript of the Smoking Gun tape, June 23, 1972. Also included are detailed information about the impeachment and Judiciary Committee Hearings.

2) www.americanhistory.about.com/watergate

This source gives a word-for-word account of President Ford's pardon of Richard Nixon, September 8, 1974. It also gives a brief response from Nixon himself. Also describes the aftermath of Watergate and the subsequent events. This article answers many of the questions people had in regards to Watergate; example what was CREEP?, who was Deep Throat? Etc.

..certain common elements of religious orientation that the great majority of Americans share....and [these still] provide a religious dimension for the whole fabric of American life, including the political sphere
The inauguration of a President is an important ceremonial event in this religion. It reaffirms, among other things, the religious legitimation of the highest political authority." (Bellah, p.3-4) Relevant examples in this regard can include the speeches that Nixon held in order to justify the situation, the entire ceremony of the hearings and even the forgiveness that President Ford granted to the "guilty party." Again, an action that is largely based on feelings which at its turn, stirs up feelings. It seems that D'Souza is right and that the connection between feeling and morality in the American society is very strong and makes itself present at every social level. The American society listens to the ideal of authenticity that Rousseau spoke…...

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Works Cited

Alexander, J., "Watergate and the Durkhemian Sociology"

Bellah, R., "Civil Religion in America" in "The Broken covenant: Civil Religion in time of trial," Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1967

Durkheim, Emile, "The concept of the state," in Anthony Giddens, ed. Durkheim on Politics and the State, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1986

D. D'Souza, "What's So Great About America," New

Watergate Affair
The term "Watergate" is generally used to explain an intricate maze of political scandals that popped up between 1972 and 1974. The word refers to the Watergate Hotel in Washington D.C. In particular. In fact, the Watergate is a series of scandals that involve the government of President ichard M. Nixon and more distinctively includes the robbing of the Watergate apartment complex in Washington, D.C. that was the national headquarters of the Democratic Party (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom & Armitage, 2009).

In June 1972, 5 men were taken into custody by the police due to their attempts to burglarize and wiretap the offices of the Democratic Party offices. In Jan., 1973, these men were put on trial and found guilty along with two other co-conspirators. It was found that all the 7 convicted men were the employees of the reelection committee of President Nixon. This fact led a lot of people…...

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References

Faragher, J.M., Buhle, M.J., Czitrom, D., & Armitage, S.H. (2009). "Out of Many: A History of the American People." Volume II (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Print.

Nixon, Richard Milhous. (2012). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). Retrieved January 4, 2013, from  http://www.questia.com/read/1E1-Nixon-Ri/nixon-richard-milhous 

Watergate Affair. (2012). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). Retrieved January 4, 2013, from  http://www.questia.com/read/1E1-Watergat/watergate-affair

Watergate scandal was a political scandal that took place in the United States in the 1970s due to a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters situated at Watergate office complex in Washington D.C. The Nixon administration attempted covering up its involvement in 1972.the whole affair began when five men were caught breaking in and entering into the Democratic National Committee headquarters within the Watergate complex. This took place in June 1972 .the FBI established a connection between the cash that was found on the burglars to a slush fund that had ben used by the committee behind president Nixon's reelection.in 1973 there was mounting evidence against president Nixon's staff which included testimonies provided by former members of staff (Gill, 2010).
The evidence surfaced during an investigation that was carried out by senate Watergate committee. There was tape recording system in President Nixon's office that had caught in tape many conversations.…...

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References

Gill, K.(2010). What Was The Watergate Scandal? Retrieved October 11, 2013 from  http://uspolitics.about.com/od/presidenc1/a/what_watergate.htm 

Watergate.info. (1995). Watergate: The Scandal That Brought Down Richard Nixon. Retrieved October 11, 2013 from  http://watergate.info/ 

Wiegand, S. (2010). President Richard Nixon and the Watergate Scandal. Retrieved October 11, 2013 from  http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/president-richard-nixon-and-the-watergate-scandal.html

R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst. In his speech, President Nixon said of the Watergate break-in that he was "appalled... and... shocked to learn that employees of the Re-Election Committee were apparently among those guilty." He then claimed that "there had been an effort to conceal the facts both from the public, from you, and from me." In his speech he said though he had been told about the personnel involved, he had not taken any action because he didn't want to do anything that would reflect badly on innocent people and that he wanted to be fair. "ut I knew that in the final analysis, the integrity of this office -- public faith in the integrity of this office -- would have to take priority over all personal considerations." He then announced the resignations of H.R. Haldeman, John Ehrlichman and Attorney General Richard Kleindienst and the…...

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Bibliography

Bernstein, Carl and Woodward, Bob. All the President's Men. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.

Carter, Jimmy. Our Endangered Values. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.

Dean, John. Conservatives Without Conscience. New York: Viking, 2006.

Emery, Fred. Watergate. Chicago: Touchstone, 1995.

467). While Woodward and Bernstein got the credit for first bringing the story to light, as media reports increased, later research showed that much of what newspapers, radio and television reported to the public had already been discovered by investigative agencies such as the FBI (Feldstein,-PAGE), which suggests that perhaps the famous informer who met periodically with Woodward might have been someone from inside the FBI.
Eventually, money paid to two of the burglars, James McCord and G. Gordon LIddy, were traced to the Committee to e-Elect the President ((Staff writers, p. 467). However, that did not implicate President Nixon. Jeb Magruder, Deputy Director for the Committee to e-Elect the President (Emery, p. xvii), had begun the initial cover-up activities. Eventually, however, White House Counsel John Dean took over the task of coordinating the cover-up. When called before a Congressional committee, Dean spoke the truth and reported extensive White House…...

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Rosen, James S. 1997. "Anniversary gate: twenty-five years later, the Watergate scandal continues to unfold. National Review, July 14.

Staff writers. "Watergate Affair." Encyclopedia Americana, International Edition. Vol. 28, pp. 467-469. Danbury, CT: 1999.

Washington Post Staff. The Fall of a President. New York: Delacourte Press, 1974.

The four men involved fired their attorney and changed their pleas to "guilty." (Bernstein and oodward, p.233). The judge clearly did not believe that they had not been bribed or that they did not know the source of the money they received. (Bernstein and oodward, p. 233-235).
Even though there is still a considerable amount of mystery regarding atergate and the surrounding events, what is certain is the impact that the atergate scandal had on the face of American politics. All presidencies following Nixon's have been tainted by the lingering impact of atergate. The direct result of Nixon's actions was that "presidents not only would be subject to doubt and second guessing, they would be suspected of outright criminality. Nixon's tapes of his office and telephone conversations left an irrefutable historical record that the president abused government power for political purposes, obstructed justice, and ordered his aides to do so…...

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Works Cited

Apple, R.W. "In 2 Years, Watergate Scandal Brought Down President Who Had Wide Mandate;

At End, Nixon Had Lost Confidence of the People Felled by Watergate Scandal the Fielding Break in." The New York Times. 9 Aug. 1974. NYTimes.com. 2 Sept. 2008  http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20E15FB35581A7493CBA91783D85F408785F9 .

Bernstein, Carl and Bob Woodward. All the President's Men. New York: Simon and Schuster,

Clymer, Adam. "National Archives has Given up on Filling the Nixon Tape Gap." The New

Although government decisions and operations at all levels in the United States continue to be hampered by the lack of effective leadership as well as ethical standards, the Watergate Scandal has had some positive impacts on government. For instance, the scandal became a huge factor in passing the Freedom of Information Act in 1986, as well as laws requiring new financial disclosures by key government officials. Passed in 1974, the Freedom of Information Act has been hailed as one of our greatest democratic reforms because it allows ordinary citizens to hold the government accountable by requesting and scrutinizing public documents and records (Rosen, 2002). The Ethics in Government Act of 1978, amended by the Ethics in Government Act of 1989, subjected senior executives and other high-ranking officials to financial disclosure as part of post-Watergate ethics reforms. Its rules were designed to reduce corruption and prevent the improper use of knowledge…...

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Bibliography

Ethics in Government Act.  http://www.answers.com/topic/ethics-in-government-act 

Genovese, M.A. (1999). The Watergate crisis. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Kenslea, M. How Watergate changed what people do. Columbia Scholastic Press Association.  http://cspa.columbia.edu/docs/spr/2007-03/03-Alicia-Shepherd-Watergate/index.html 

Rosen, R. (2002, January 7). The day Ashcroft censored freedom of information. San Francisco Chronicle.  http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0108-04.htm

atergate Crisis
The atergate scandal began with some confidential papers, bungling burglars, a preeminent hotel complex in ashington, D.C., and a trail of fraud leading directly to the Committee to Re-Elect President Richard M. Nixon. The scandal didn't stop at inept hite House staffers, but went all the way to the Oval Office and the president himself. atergate was the ultimate political crisis brought about by one man's ruthlessness and paranoia. In the end, Richard M. Nixon's own worst enemy was himself.

hen former defense analyst for the Rand Corporation, Daniel Ellsberg, leaked the Defense Department's secret history of the Vietnam ar to The New York Times, Nixon wanted information to discredit Ellsberg. Nixon aide, G. Gordon Liddy, a former FBI agent, and E. Howard Hunt, a shadowy figure rumored to be a CIA agent, agreed to place a wiretap on the telephone line of Ellsberg's Beverly Hills psychiatrist, Dr. Lewis…...

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Works Cited

Carlson, Margaret, "Watergate Revisited: Notes from Underground," Time, June 17, 1991.

Garment, Leonard, "In Search of Deep Throat," Basic Books, New York, New York, 2000.

Kissinger, Henry, "Years of Renewal," Simon and Schuster, New York, New York, 1999.

Liddy, G. Gordon, "Will, The Autobiography of G. Gordon Liddy," Dell/St. Martin Press, New York, New York, 1980.

1972 Watergate Break in
Nixon's Connection to the Watergate Break In

ichard Nixon (the 37th president of the United States), in 1974, went into America's books of history as the first and the only president to resign from office. Nixon would evidently enjoy a successful political career, dating back to 1946, when he first got elected to congress. According to Kutler (2010), many viewed Nixon as "an ongoing presence in American politics" (p.1). Promises to bring unity, peace, and prosperity to the American electorate would see him amass support; sufficient enough to enable him ascend to the presidency in 1968. In November 1972, Nixon got re-elected, amidst the discovery of evidence by reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, linking the Committee to e-Elect the President and some White House officials to a number of illegal activities, including the Watergate burglary.

With the presidential election only four months away, Geis (2011) points out that…...

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Reference List

Duignan, B. (2010). The Executive Branch of the Federal Government: Purpose, Process and People. New York: Rosen Publishing Group.

Geis, G. (2011). White Collar and Corporate Crime. California: ABC-CLIO.

Klein, W. (2008). All the Presidents Spokesmen: Spinning the News, White House Press Secretaries from Franklin D. Roosevelt to George W. Bush. Westport CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Kutler, I.S. (2010). Watergate: A brief History with Documents (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: John Wiley and Sons

Kennedy won the election by a very narrow margin, 120,000 votes or 0.2% of the electorate. Most historians believe that the primary reason John F. Kennedy won the Presidential Election was because of the non-verbal "poor body language" on the television debate with ichard Nixon in 1960 -- especially valid since radio audiences overwhelmingly voted that Nixon had won the debate. Nixon's body language was furtive, he was perspiring, he looked unshaven, and he did not look at the camera -- Kennedy, on the other hand, was jovial, looked at the camera just as if it were a real person, making the home audience trust and feel like he was talking directly to them (Kennedy - Nixon Debate 2001). Nixon supporters unsuccessfully challenged the votes in Texas, Illinois and 9 others, but after the initial Court battles Nixon conceded in order to avoid a Constitutional Crisis. He and Kennedy…...

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REFERENCES

A Hold is Broken 1957, viewed August 2010,  http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,865640,00.html .

Ambrose, S 1988, Nixon: The Education of a Politician, Simon and Schuster, New York.

Bernstein and Woodward 1976, The Final Days, Simnon & Schuster, New York.

Black, C 2007, Richard M. Nixon: A Life in Full, Public Affairs Books, New York.

The Watergate Scandal Introduction
While the Watergate Scandal in American government erupted in June of 1972 when five men connected to President Nixon were arrested for breaking and entering the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) in the Watergate building in D.C., the real scandal encompassed many more months and years that those of the summer of 1972. Indeed, Nixon’s presidency eventually became synonymous with Watergate, as the public began to view him with ever-increasing skepticism and scorn—scorn for a president who represented the abuses of power that the public was tired of seeing—abuses that had led to more and more American casualties in Vietnam, more and more lies told to the American public over popular media, more and more cover-ups of the truth and governmental conniption fits when the truth (such as the Pentagon Papers leaked by Daniel Ellsberg) came to light (Schulzinger, 1997). This paper will describe the Watergate…...

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References

Barone, M. (2018). Obama’s spying scandal is starting to look a lot like Watergate. Retrieved from

Dean, J. (2014). The Nixon defense: What he knew and when he knew it. NY: Viking.

Hougan, J. (1984). Secret Agenda. NY: Random House.

Nixon, R. (1974). Resignation speech. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/spc/character/links/nixon_speech.html

Schulzinger, R. (1997). A Time for War: The United States and Vietnam, 1941-1975. Oxford University Press.

https://nypost.com/2018/05/27/obamas-spying-scandal-is-starting-to-look-a-lot-like-watergate/

Executive Privilege
After Vietnam and atergate, the issue of executive privilege had not registered much of a blip on the radar. However, the recent Enron scandal has allowed Congress to question the validity of the executive privilege argument. In January 2002, Comptroller General David alker, head of the non-partisan Government Accounting Office, announced that he would sue Vice President Dick Cheney in order to obtain information about the National Energy Policy Development Group that Cheney chaired last year. alter contended that the unprecedented lawsuit was made necessary by Cheney's refusal to cooperate voluntarily.

President George . Bush has not claimed an "executive privilege" in connection with the GAO's information requests. However, it is likely that the Administration will assert such a privilege as the case proceeds. Certainly that is the tenor of public statements by the Vice President and the hite House. According to the Administration, GAO is an arm of Congress…...

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Works Cited

Amar, Akil Reed. "Cheney, Enron, and the Constitution." Time Magazine. Retrieved 8/05/02 at  http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,198829,00.html 

Dorf, Michael C. "A Brief History Of Executive Privilege, From George Washington Through Dick Cheney." Retrieved 8/05/02 at  http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dorf/20020206.html 

Holt, Pat M. "Steady the Privilege Pendulum." Retrieved 8/05/02 at  http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0404/p13s01-coop.html 

Marshall, Joshua Micah. "Bush's Executive-Privilege Two-Step." Retrieved 8/05/02 at  http://www.salon.com/politics/feature/2002/02/07/bush_records/index.html

Review/Analysis of Watergate: The Presidential Scandal that Shook AmericaOlson begins his tale of Watergate by noting that Richard M. Nixon intended to shape national policies according to his political agenda and his personal likes and dislikes (5). The main theme here is that Nixon did not serve the interests of the American people but rather his own interests. The Watergate scandal revealed the reality of this situation to the nation, and the nation pushed backincluding members of his own political partyso that he ended up resigning from office. That is the theme that Olson focuses on in his book Watergate: The Presidential Scandal that Shook America. However, politics being complicated, and the US government having a vast treasure trove of secrets, can one really rest easy in adopting such a simple view of the Watergate episode? Perhaps there was more going on than Nixons own personal interests. Perhaps Nixon was…...

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Works Cited

Olson, Keith. Watergate: The Presidential Scandal that Shook America. University Press of Kansas, 2003.

Talbot, David. Brothers. Free Press, 2007.

Modern-Day Corruption and Graft
The Watergate incident that occurred in President Nixon's Administration is exemplary of modern day corruption. Here, the government under Nixon's presidency was recognized to have sanctioned a sequence of confidential monitoring operations conducted by highly-trained agents that was financed by illegal campaign contributions. The seriousness of the incident was such that ichard Nixon had to resign his presidency.

Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois offered differing philosophies, strategies, and tactics for African-Americans following econstruction. In your opinion, which of these leaders gave the best advice for their times? Why do you feel this way?

Booker T. Washington primarily believed that the approach to deal with the African-Americans after the econstruction was tolerance, adaptation, and self-assistance with maximum attention on the provision of job opportunities for possible advancement of the community W.E.B. Dubois, on the other hand, asserted that the best methodology was the use of campaigning disapproval of…...

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References

Brunner, B. (2011a). Civil Rights Timeline. Accessed 29-12-11 from:  http://www.infoplease.com/spot/civilrightstimeline1.html 

Brunner, B. (2011b). Heroes of Civil Rights Movement. Accessed 29-12-11 from:  http://www.infoplease.com/spot/bhmheroes1.html 

Digital History. (2011). Hypertext History: Our Online American History Textbook -- Interactive Timelines. Accessed 25-12-11 from: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/hyper_titles.cfm

Digital History. (2011b). Guided Readings: America in Ferment: The Tumultuous 1960s. Accessed 29-12-11 from: http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/subtitles.cfm?titleID=65

Integrity: The Bedrock of Presidential Leadership

In the intricate tapestry of presidential leadership, a myriad of qualities and attributes are woven together, each contributing to the effectiveness and legacy of the individual who occupies the Oval Office. Yet, amidst this kaleidoscope of virtues, integrity stands as the cornerstone, the immutable foundation upon which all other traits must rest.

Integrity, as a multifaceted concept, encompasses honesty, trustworthiness, and a steadfast adherence to moral principles. It is the unwavering commitment to do what is right, even when faced with adversity or personal gain. It is the backbone of trust, the sine qua non of....

One real-life example of corruption that resulted in significant consequences is the Watergate scandal in the United States. In this case, President Richard Nixon and his administration were found to have engaged in various corrupt activities, including attempting to cover up their involvement in a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington, D.C. The scandal eventually led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the only U.S. president to have resigned from office. The Watergate scandal had far-reaching consequences, including a loss of trust in the government, changes to campaign finance laws, and increased....