Vladimir Putin's Life
Vladimir Putin was born in Leningrad (now known as St. Petersburg) in October 1952, had a heavy involvement in sports as a young man, and graduated with a law degree from Leningrad University (with honors) in 1975. He worked for the KGB, became involved in government as an aide to the mayor of Leningrad, and eventually became a deputy on President Yeltsin's staff, and from there was groomed as Yeltsin's successor.

Vladimir Putin, His Presidency, and the Russian Economy

hen Yeltsin resigned and turned over the reins to Putin December 31, 1999, Putin's "initial act as president" (415) was very controversial in that he agreed to sign "a decree granting retiring President Yeltsin and his family a series of benefits and privileges."

Those privileges included "immunity from criminal investigation or prosecution," according to the book by David MacKenzie and Michael Curran.

In fact, it looked to observers like the free pass for…...

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Works Cited

MacKenzie, David, & Curran, Michael W. Russia & the U.S.S.R. In the 20th Century.

Greensboro, N.C.: Wadsworth Group, 2002.

Shevtsova, Lilia. Putin's Russia. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International

Peace, 2003.

18). Author Brenda Lange explains that "Putin did well" in high school and that in fact School 281 was for "the city's brightest students" (Shields, 2007, 2007, p. 33). Putin was drawn to literature, history, and art.
It seems the response to the Erickson's 12 to 18 years-of-age format in this context is that Putin in high school had no role confusion and did not have a weak sense of him. At School 281 the teachers handed out "the underground samizdat" (materials that questioned whether or not the Soviet state was "realistic"), which was a stealth strategy in literature class, that Putin may have found to be fascinating (knowing he would pursue a career as a spy later) (Shields, p. 33). "… Classmates and teachers remembered him as a top student who was self-confident," Shields writes. One day when the teacher wasn't watching a boy kicked Putin from behind; Putin…...

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Works Cited

About.com. (2008). Psychology / Erikson's Psychosocial Stage Summary Chart. Retrieved March 31, 2011, from http://psychology.about.com/library/bi_psychosocial_summary.htm.

Blazer, Harley. "Vladimir Putin's Academic Writings and Russian Natural Resource Policy."

Problems of Post-Communism, 55.1, (2006): 48-54.

Encyclopedia of World Biography. "Vladimir Putin Biography." Retrieved March 31, 2011,

Terrorism in ussia on an International Level
[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]

Terrorism in ussia has existed since the ussian Empire. Its long history has brought violence against countless civilians in order to accomplish ideological or political objectives through the generation of fear and panic. Tactics so often seen in terrorism such as hostage taking saw extensive use in Soviet secret agencies. The greatest example of this was during the Great and ed Terror campaigns against their own countrymen as stated by historians like Karl Kautsky. As the end of the 20th century approached, major terrorist activity took place in the capital of ussia, Moscow. These events involved the Moscow theater hostage crisis as well as apartment bombings. Aside from Moscow, Dagestan, Chechnya, and other areas of the nation experienced terrorism. The worst part of it all is that scholars and journalists believe some of these events have…...

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References

Cavaliero,, C. (2011). PROTECTING ITS OWN: SUPPORT FOR RUSSIA'S FEDERAL LAW ON THE COUNTERACTION OF TERRORISM. George Washington International Law Review, 43(4), 663. Retrieved from  http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/77480580/protecting-own-support-russias-federal-law-counteraction-terrorism 

Cohen, A. (2002). Russia, Islam, and the War on Terrorism: An Uneasy Future.Demokratizatsiya, 10(4), 556.

Cross, S. (2006). Russia's Relationship with the United States/NATO in the U.S.-led Global War on Terrorism. The Journal Of Slavic Military Studies, 19(2), 175-192.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518040600697738 

Omelicheva, M. (2010). Russia's Counterterrorism Policy: Variations on an Imperial Theme. Perspectives On Terrorism, 3(1). Retrieved from  http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/61/html

communism," "vodka," may be "Vladimir Putin." But everyone who would be asked about Russia would also say "Russian mafia" who are very cruel and dangerous gangs from Russia and who wouldn't stop behind anything in achieving their dirty plans.
The term and the phenomenon of Russian mafia are pretty young if compared to well-known mafia of Sicily, Italy, Latin American cartels. The first news and rumors about Russian mafia in the United stated appeared in 1980 ies, when a massive immigration of predominantly Russian Jews started from the Soviet Union. Russian mafia had penetrated into the infrastructure of the main business centers of the U.S.A.: New York, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Boston. They spread their influence over the successful immigrants from Russia, who have to pay for their "protection" or who have to allow mafia representatives participate in running businesses.

If to look on the nature of relations of Russian immigrants…...

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3. Hoffmann, D. "Fragile Foundation," The Washington Post, December 26, 1996

4. Mafia invades New York, Article BBC NEWS available on web:  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/03/98/russian_mafia/70485.stm 

5. Khonanikhin, A. Mafiocracy in Russia, Article available on web: http://konanykhin.com/press/wp1.htm

The read on him is that he can be "volatile" and "difficult to manage," but that he is an intelligent, effective leader. The general read is that Saakashvili attacked South Ossetia first, and Putin responded with massive overkill.
There have been numerous charges tossed about that George ush somehow triggered the Georgia-Russia crisis for many different reasons. Most of these charges have come repeatedly from Vladimir Putin. No independent, objective analysis of the crisis has found any evidence of the truth of those charges. (Zunes, 2008) a lame-duck president with most of his troops fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan, George ush warned, threatened, cajoled, negotiated and sent aid. U.S. Secretary of Defense, Robert Gates, held countless phone calls with Georgia and Russia asking them to back off. They didn't.

Aftermath - Solutions?

Russia currently has approximately 7600 "peacekeeping" troops stationed in South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and a few Georgian locations. There is also…...

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Bibliography

BBC news. (2008, August 21). Day-by-day: Georgia-Russia crisis. Retrieved November 19, 2008, from BBC news: Europe: day-by-day:

 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7551576.stm 

Drive, D. (2006, November). Blogs about: Georgia Russia crisis. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from WordPress.com:  http://wordpress.com/tag/georgia-russia-crisis/ 

International Crisis Group. (2008, November 10). Russia-Georgia: the aftermath. Retrieved November 21, 2008, from International crisis group:  http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=5772

Worst of all, according to aker and Glasser, Russians seemed willing to trade their political freedom for greater order, security, and financial prosperity. However, the authors regard this as a kind of devil's bargain, calling Putin's managed democracy merely another form of dictatorship that will inevitably result in bloody repression. Moreover, they point to the fact that things are not all sunny in post-Soviet Russia -- the numbers of the population affected with AIDS, the inhumane conditions in the army, and other institutionalized failures to deal with the problems of modernity are still rife. Their book begins and ends with the story of a woman who left her provincial home to come to Moscow. She is doing better financially, but her family back home, like so many Russians, not part of the relatively narrow sector enjoying Putin prosperity and is still living under relatively similar conditions as in the…...

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Baker, Peter & Susan Glasser. Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution. Scribner, 2005.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Empire, despite Russia's long-standing totalitarian past, hopes were high that the new government would be democratic in nature. Today, the headlines are gripped with the realities of Russia, that Putin has a stronghold on power, dissent is stifled, and yet the Russian, capitalist leader seems to be wildly popular amongst his people. Peter Baker and Susan Glasser, authors of Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution, explicitly call Putin a threat to future democracy in the region, and express their frustrations with the failure of democracy to take hold in modern Russia, despite the fact that the economy has prospered after the death of communism.

Baker and Glasser admit that during Yeltsin's more open reign, the post-communist economy was in chaos. Then, Yeltsin appointed the former KGB official as his successor, and Vladimir Putin began to consolidate his hold upon power with a ruthlessness that befitted his earlier position. Putin got rid of Russia's only real national television station, ruthlessly dispatched the Chechnya separatists, and after a terrorist attack in 2004 Putin justified as a "counter-terrorist" measure necessary for national security the cancellation of elections and fully proportional parliamentary representation. Worst of all, according to Baker and Glasser, Russians seemed willing to trade their political freedom for greater order, security, and financial prosperity. However, the authors regard this as a kind of devil's bargain, calling Putin's managed democracy merely another form of dictatorship that will inevitably result in bloody repression. Moreover, they point to the fact that things are not all sunny in post-Soviet Russia -- the numbers of the population affected with AIDS, the inhumane conditions in the army, and other institutionalized failures to deal with the problems of modernity are still rife. Their book begins and ends with the story of a woman who left her provincial home to come to Moscow. She is doing better financially, but her family back home, like so many Russians, not part of the relatively narrow sector enjoying Putin prosperity and is still living under relatively similar conditions as in the late 1990s.

Former Soviet Satellites and the European Union
Recent decades have been decades of great change for the nations and peoples of Europe. The est has witnessed the gradual demise of interstate rivalries, the former system of wholly independent states being replaced by an increasingly close union of partner nations. Meanwhile, in the East, these same years saw nearly the whole of Europe from the Baltic to the Black Sea fall under the domination of the Soviet Union. However, with the collapse of communism in the early 1990s, these former Soviet satellites were transformed, almost overnight, into a collection of fledgling democracies. And though the nations of Eastern Europe, at least ostensibly, now share the same political values as their neighbors to the est, their transformation has not been without its problems. Years of Communist rule, has left these countries economically backward and underdeveloped. Yet each of these former Communist nations is…...

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Works Cited

Grabbe, Heather. "Enlargement, Ready or Not?" Guardian Unlimited. 8 December 2002. URL:  http://politics.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,9115,855941,00.html .

Gorobets, Alexander. "Russia Wants to See Ukraine Rich and Prosperous - President Putin." Pravda. Trans. Dmitry Sudakov. 14 December 2001. URL:  http://english.pravda.ru/cis/2001/12/14/23674.html .

Patten, Chris. "EU's Relations with Ukraine: Overview." Europa, European Commission, European Union in the World. Directorate of International Relations: January, 2002. URL: http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/ukraine/intro/index.htm#top.

Prodi, Romano. "The Final Lap." Commission Press Room, European Parliament. Brussels, 9 October 2002. URL: http://europa.eu.int/rapid/start/cgi/guesten.ksh-p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=SPEECH/02/463|0|RAPID&lg=EN&display=.

The Events Leading up to and including the 2022 ussian Invasion of UkraineThe 2022 ussian invasion of Ukraine can be traced back to a series of events beginning with Putins rise to power in ussia and the plot to overthrow pro-ussian leaders in Ukraine by Boris Berezovsky and other anti-Putin oligarchs (Mohiuddin 2007, 681). Among the most notable individuals and states involved in these circumstances were ussia under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin, Ukraine, NATO, and the United States, as well as non-state actors such as separatists in Eastern Ukraine.The groundwork for this conflict was laid with the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991, which left a power vacuum in the region and altered geopolitical landscapes. ussia faced a diminished global influence, saw NATO\\\'s eastward expansion, and eventually Ukraine\\\'s intention to join the alliance, as a threat to its national security and sphere of influence (Karabeshkin and Spechler…...

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ReferencesBritannica. “The Orange Revolution and the Yushchenko presidency.” 2023.   Leonid A., and Dina R. Spechler. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"EU and NATO enlargement: Russia\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s expectations, responses and options for the future.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" European Security 16, no. 3-4 (2007): 307-328.Mohiuddin, Yasmeen. \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Boris Berezovsky: Russia\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s first billionaire and political maverick still has it in for Vladimir Putin.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\" International Journal 62, no. 3 (2007): 681-688.https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/The-Maidan-protest-movement Karabeshkin,

This similarly encourages modest investment in ussia, a market of 150 million, even in the face of continuing economic difficulties and political uncertainty (Saunders, 105).
According to Sunders, the strategy developed to "globalize" ussia was known as "shock therapy." And its implementation began with the January 1, 1992 elimination of price controls on most goods. The objective of "shock therapy" was, in essence, to create a market economy in ussia as quickly as possible. Sunders claim that this was to be achieved by freeing prices and liberalizing trade policies, which would stimulate competition; and by privatization, which would create private property with all its attendant behavioral incentives for enterprises. At the same time, it was essential to make the ruble convertible and ensure that its value remained relatively stable. This meant controlling inflation and, therefore, keeping tight control of currency emissions and government spending.

Consequently, Saunders appreciates that successful economic reform…...

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Reference:

Batygin, G. S. 'The Transfer of Allegiances of the Intellectual Elite'. Studies in East

European Thought 53 (2001)

Boris Yeltsin quoted in Urban, M. Re-mythologizing the Russian State. Euro-Asia Studies

50/6 (1998): 969

134). In addition, ussian authorities have also joined with the international community to protect the lake. In this regard, Hudgins adds that, "Increased awareness of such threats to the unique ecology of Lake Baikal has prompted a number of international organizations -- including the Sierra Club and Baikal Watch in the United States -- to join the ussians in their efforts to protect this natural wonder of the world" (1998, p. 135). According to the Sierra Club, "Lake Baikal, arguably ussia's most significant environmental treasure -- it contains a fifth of the world's unfrozen freshwater and is a UNESCO World Heritage site -- is being polluted by toxic waste from a paper mill that Vladimir Putin ordered reopened for economic reasons" (Pollutin' Putin, 2010, para. 2). In fact, the recently reopened paper mill disposes of toxic wastes directly into Lake Baikal's fragile biological system (Hoare, 2008). While the Sierra…...

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References

Current programs. (2010). Baikal Watch. Retrieved from   / project/campaignPage.cfm?pageID=7&subSiteID=1&CFID=43926225&CFTOKEN=32http://www.earthislandprojects.org 

975106.

Gladkochub, D.P., Donskaya, T.V., Wingate, M.T., Poller, U., Kroner, a., Fedorovsky, V.S.,

Mazukabzov, a.M., Todt, W. & Pisarevsky, S.A. (2008). Petrology, geochronology and tectonic implications of C. 500 Ma metamorphic and igneous rocks along the northern margin of the Central Asian orogen. Journal of the Geological Society, 165, 235-237.

Again, Russia showed it either did not wish to play in the world of globalization, or it just fumbles the ball every time it has an opportunity to score.
Indeed, following the "debacle" that resulted in the imprisonment of Kodorkovsky, "sizable losses" were suffered "for Russian companies' stocks on national and foreign stock exchanges, as well as certain downsizing of foreign direct investments due to high political risks," the Yale writer explains.

Another viewpoint as to why Russia stumbles in the globalization game comes from Alexey Portanskiy, Head of the TO Information office on Russia's accession to the TO; one main reason Russia has not made it into the TO (aside from the general reluctance on the part of Russian society to open up), Portanskiy asserts, is "the resistance of sluggish bureaucracy and lack of political commitment from the top" (Portanskiy, 2005) (orld Trade Organization).

But the Yale article claims that entrance…...

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Works Cited

Portanskiy, Alexey. "Russia's WTO accession negotiations." (2005). World Trade Organization Retrieved 19 Nov. 2006 at  http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/events_e/symp05_e/portanskyi16_e.doc .

Proskuryakova, Liliana N. "Is Putin an Anti-Globalization Hero?" Yale Global Online (2004). Retrieved 18 Nov. 2006 at  http://yaleglobal.yale.edu /display.article?id=4805.

Saunders, Paul J. "Why 'Globalization' didn't Rescue Russia." The Nixon Center. (2001). Retrieved 18 Nov. 2006 at http://www.nixoncenter.org/publications/articles/Russia%20and%20globalization.htm.

The World Factbook. "Russia." Central Intelligence Agency.. (2006). Retrieved 18 Nov. 2006 at  http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/rs.html .

bilateral negotiation is mainly characterized by the fact that there are only two parts trying to reach an agreement. The two sides can either have a conflicting negotiation, where they're disputing a certain aspect (it may be an economic dispute or a political matter, for example), or a constructive negotiation, where they are drawing up a cooperation agreement, for example.
B) Internal negotiations are negotiations that take place inside the negotiating team. In general, these types of negotiations are not recommended in public or during the rounds of negotiations between teams, because it may show the other side that there is a certain lack of consensus on the matter, which may destabilize the negotiating position.

Vertical negotiations are negotiations that take place between members of opposite teams that are on different positions of authority. It may be the case that one of the members of lesser importance of one time has…...

Futures
The Variant Paths of Post-Communist Russia, Poland, and Hungary

The past ten years have seen great changes in the formerly Communist countries of Eastern Europe. Bound together for years under the Soviet yoke, these nations have now embarked upon their own individual paths as sovereign states. Representative of these emerging one-time Eastern Bloc nations are Russia, Poland, and Hungary. All three once shared a common form of government and a single social system. In each of these cases, Communism overlay a pre-existing civilization and set of traditions. This relatively brief interlude of Marxism, Leninism, and Stalinism was thus, a veneer, a covering over, if you will, of far older patterns of behavior and ways of thinking. It was these underlying cultural and historical characteristics that, combined with the shared history of Soviet rule, produced the countries we know today. Three distinct nations were put together into the crucible of the…...

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Works Cited

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?action=openPageViewer&docId=5000774203 

Allison, Graham. "Deepening Russian democracy: progress and pitfalls in Putin's Government." Harvard International Review 24.2 (2002): 62+. Questia. 2 May 2003  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?action=openPageViewer&docId=5000089175 

Aslund, Anders. "RUSSIA." Foreign Policy July 2001.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?action=openPageViewer&docId=5000689067 

Dougherty, Carter. "Warsaw near goal of bid to join EU." The Washington Times 26 Jan. 2002.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?action=openPageViewer&docId=5000091568

ussia has accused Georgia of allowing Chechen rebels to move freely and providing safe haven to them for launching terrorist attacks from across the border.
elations with Neighboring Countries

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was formed by 12 of the 15 former Soviet epublics after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 to preserve some of the political and economic ties. ussia's relations with the CIS countries have, however, been dogged by mutual distrust. Sources of tension between ussia and CIS members include the issue of claim over military assets belonging to the Soviet Union and the status of ussians settled in the former Soviet republics. Most of the disputes about assets have now been settled but such disputes have left a bad taste in the mouth and the initial optimism about the CIS becoming even a loose confederation has not been realized. ("ussia: Foreign elations," 2005)

ussia's relations with…...

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References

Politics: Recent Political Events," (2004) Country Profile Russia 2004 Main Report

Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). Retrieved on February 16, 2005 from Economist.com

Russia at a Glance (2005-2006)." (2005). Country Report Russia January 2005 Updater. Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). Retrieved on February 16, 2005 from Economist.com

Russia: Foreign Relations." (2005) Political Overview Section from Countrywatch. Retrieved on February 16, 2005 at  http://www.countrywatch.com/cw_country.asp?vCOUNTRY=142

Public Policy:
President Obama's foreign policy towards Russia has attracted huge concern among policymakers and the public in light of recent events in Ukraine. Russia's aggression has challenged the administration's foreign policy since it is in the process of gulping up the Ukraine one step at a time with very minimal cost and less risk. Obama's foreign policy towards Russia has been accused of enabling the gradual acquisition of Ukraine rather than hindering it. This article focuses on examining this policy and demonstrating why it is largely ineffective, especially in light of President Obama's plans to promote a policy for a globalized 21st Century. In addition to assessing the ineffectiveness of this foreign policy, the article also proposes some of the changes that could be made to promote and enhance its effectiveness.

Russia's aggression that has enabled the country to slowly acquire Ukraine is an issue that has generated huge global concern…...

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Works Cited:

Gaouette, Nicole. "Russia's Aggression Challenges Obama's Foreign Policy." Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg L.P., 26 May 2014. Web. 07 June 2014. .

Maroscher, Gerhard. "VIEWPOINT: Our Foreign Policy toward Russia Is Ineffective." Circleville Today. Circleville Herald, 9 May 2014. Web. 07 June 2014. .

Impact of Ukraine Invasion on Russia-West Relations

Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, has had a profound impact on its relations with Western countries. These relations have deteriorated sharply, leading to unprecedented sanctions, diplomatic isolation, and a heightened level of geopolitical tension.

Economic Sanctions:

Western countries, led by the United States and the European Union, have imposed unprecedented economic sanctions on Russia. These sanctions target Russia's financial system, key industries, and individuals close to President Vladimir Putin. The sanctions have frozen Russian assets, restricted access to global financial markets, and disrupted trade. They aim to cripple the Russian economy and....

Evolution of the Cold War into the Second Cold War
The Cold War, a period of geopolitical tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, experienced a resurgence in the 21st century, giving rise to the "Second Cold War." This new phase involves escalating tensions between the United States and the Russian Federation, which succeeded the Soviet Union.
Factors Contributing to the Second Cold War
Russia's Resurgence Under Putin: Vladimir Putin's rise to power in Russia marked the beginning of a more assertive foreign policy, with Russia seeking to regain its status as a global....