Religious Image as Depicted by Three Different Artists:
The Virgin Mary in Renaissance art

Portraits of the Virgin and Christ Child began to proliferate in Florence during the Italian Renaissance. There was "a new demand for devotional images on a domestic scale" (Botticelli, Virgin and Child with an Angel). hile epic religious portraits remained in vogue in some quarters, in others a new vision came to the forefront that stressed the Holy Family as a family, not merely as divine beings. The sense of the human-divine connection being closer than was conceptualized in the Middle Ages was made manifest in art, particularly when showing Christ at his youngest and most vulnerable.

However, the development of the 'religious domestic' took time to fully unfold in the ideology of the era. For example, the early Renaissance artist Masaccio is well-known for his portraits of the Virgin Mary. However, his work is heavily stylized and…...

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Works Cited

Botticelli. Virgin and Child with an Angel. Gardner Museum. 28 Jun 2014.

 http://www.gardnermuseum.org/collection/artwork/3rd_floor/long_gallery/virgin_and_child_with_an_angel?filter=room:1799 

"Early Renaissance Art (Italy) (1400-1490)." Early Renaissance Art History. 28 Jun 2014.

 http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/early-renaissance.htm

This may well have been intentional, because since the statue was moved from its original location, no one knows in what position it was before (Michelangelo pp). The artist might have intentionally deformed it if it was to be housed in a high place in order to balance human sight aberration, yet much of the Madonna's size is concealed in the drapery, thus, the figures look quite natural (Michelangelo pp). Michelangelo limited the marks of the crucifixion to very small nail marks and an indication of the wound in Jesus' side and the imprints of the nails in the feet do not penetrate to the underside of the foot (Michelangelo pp).
Some say that the youthful appearance of the Virgin symbolized purity, which others attribute it to Michelangelo's passion for Dante's Divine Comedy, where in the third cantica, Paradise, in a prayer for the Virgin Mary, St. Bernard says, "Virgin…...

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Works Cited

Johnson, Bruce. "Pope 'tried to sell masterpiece' Michelangelo's Pieta sculpture would have raised money for Third World."

Daily Telegraph (London, England); 2/2/2002; pp.

Olga's Gallery: Michelangelo.  http://www.abcgallery.com/M/michelangelo/michelangelo.html 

Michelangelo: The Pieta is a marble sculpture in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelangelo 's_Pieta

" Patriarchy perpetuates its crimes through "denial, tokenism, obfuscation and reversal" and traps its victims (particularly the women) in the semantic web of lies which, in the words of Daly, "constitutes the reality of the Foreground, and obscures ultimate reality, which is the Background." She advises women to take a leap of faith to break free from the necrophilic embrace of patriarchy to dis-cover their true human potential and "reclaim their primordial power, their gynergy, in order to spin new, gynocentric and biophilic realities."
Utopian Society of the Future:

Another controversial theory advanced by Daly in her book, Quintessence, describes a utopian society of the future, on a continent populated entirely by women, where procreation occurs through parthenogenesis, without the participation of men. She further asserts, "If life is to survive on this planet, there must be a decontamination of the Earth. I think this will be accompanied by an evolutionary process…...

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Reference

Biography of Mary Daly." (n.d.) Radical Elemental Feminist. Retrieved on August 25, 2007 at  http://www.marydaly.net/biography.html 

Bridle, Susan. (1998). "No Man's Land." An Interview with Mary Daly: Enlightened Magazine. Retrieved on August 25, 2007 at  http://www.wie.org/j16/daly.asp 

Daly, Mary. (1985). Beyond God the Father: Toward a Philosophy of Women's Liberation. Beacon Press: Boston, 1985

1968). The Church and the Second Sex. Beacon Press: Boston, 1968.

Art
The shift from Byzantine or Medieval art to the early Renaissance is perfectly demonstrated by examining the change in depictions of the Virgin Mary and the baby Jesus, or Madonna and Child, over time. hat we see is a gradual tendency toward realistic depictions of human form, as a way of making religious art less remote and decorative, and more immediately related to actual human experience.

e can begin with the thirteenth-century Byzantine icon of the Madonna and Child on a Curved Throne. The painting is, in some sense, a highly stylized representation of a familiar image. The figures of mother and child do not really seem to exist in real space: for example, the gold leaf that is used for the flat backdrop behind the Madonna and Child is also used (in a decorative but not particularly realistic fashion) to highlight the folds of the Madonna's garments. here we…...

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Works Cited

Soltes, Ori Z. "A World of Art, Lecture 15: Early Renaissance Painting in Central Italy." Online video. YouTube, 28 February 2014. Web. Accessed at  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IZ5m6rtqWI

One cannot help but see the foreshadowing of Jesus' birth in Ruth's determination to travel to Bethlehem, upon the conviction that it will be blessed by the Lord.
Like Ruth's tale, the story of Esther tells of a woman's strength, conviction, and loyalty to the Jews. Esther's husband Ahasuerus is tangentially involved in a plot to kill the Jews, mirroring the Roman persecution of Jews during Jesus' time. Ruth risks her own life to rescue the Jews, while Mary gives her son for the protection of the Jews. The paper will investigate the significant contrast between the story of Esther and the story of Mary; Esther's protection of the Jews results in the death of thousands of Gentiles, while Mary helps bring a message of peace. The stories also both involve rulers attempting to kill Jews.

The dissertation will also compare Mary to Rebecca. One of Rebecca's remarkable features is that…...

Knowledge comes as Mary Helen becomes aware of the fact that she is unwelcome in certain places, like the local movie theater, because of her race.
Questions about the reading

1. Catholicism plays an important role in the novel. Are people such as the women called "The Three Trinidads" who compete as to who can offer the most prayers to God and Father Muller who hates dancing but loves the beach hypocrites? Does their form of rationalization reflect badly upon the faith? (Compare these images with the author's mother at her young brother's funeral).

2. The story is told through the eyes of a child, but the author is much older. How does Ponce use irony to add humor and also pathos to her tale?

3. Food and cooking play an important role in the tale in its depiction of women What does it mean that the humble but loving Dona Luisa makes…...

This seems to be of approximately the same period with Virgin and Child gazing diametrically away from the viewer seeming to be absorbed in their own thoughts. The same reflective smile plays on Mary's lips, and she is dressed in similar royal garb. This time her hands are peeking out from her cascading robe, her face and figure is fuller, and the Child, still solemn, seems slightly more infant-like. In both pictures, he seems more earnest than the mother. Mary is still erect, though slightly more bent by the shoulders than the other. She has the same regal pose, although this position has been slightly relaxed in both images. The throne in the last image too has been replaced in this one by a bench that is decorated with insignias. The Child, here too is perched on Mary's knee.
Both Infant and mother seem to have their hands extended. The…...

Part 3: The Virgin Mary, Mother of GodIntroductionIn Roman Catholic theology, the Virgin Mary holds a place of distinct honor and reverence as the Mother of God and for being immaculately conceived, i.e., born without Original Sin. She is considered the Mediatrix of all graces, meaning that Gods grace flows to us through her. She is our mother, given to us by Christ Himself on the cross when He said, Woman, behold your son; son, behold your mother (John 19:2-27). This essay examines the dogma and doctrine regarding the Virgin Mary, Mother of Godand our mother by extension, since we are inheritors of the Kingdom of God, brothers of Christ, and sons of the Father through the Faith and our baptism.Theological FoundationsThe title \\\"Mother of God\\\" (Theotokos) was solemnly defined at the Council of Ephesus in 431 AD, affirming Mary\\\'s role in the mystery of the Incarnation. This dogma is…...

Women's choice lead a celebate life, remain a virgin, a rejection societal expectations? A conclusion drawn thesis question. I attaching suggested books citation. Essay 12 pages length counting citations bibliography.
Was a Women's choice to lead a celibate life or remain a virgin a rejection of societal expectations?

The role of women in the society has been widely debated throughout the history of both philosophical thought and social sciences. Women have a particular place in society since ancient times and there are clear indications, in the religious literature, that women have had specific views and opinions regarding their own place in the society. In this context, the current research discusses the choice of women to lead a celibate life or keep herself a virgin and whether this choice was a reaction to societal expectations and social pressures. The perspective of the research analysis is focused on Christian traditions from the Apostles…...

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Kung, 2001, p22-3

Karant-Nun, 2003, p10

idem, p11

Memling's Annunciation
BIOGRAPHY -- Hans Memling

Hans Memling was probably born between 1430 and 1440 in the Main region of Seligenstadt, Germany, even though he is usually said to be from Finland. Historians But in all honesty, little seems known about his early years. Some stories suggest that he was injured in a military conflict associated with Charles the Bold, with the result that he was admitted to a religious care setting. In the hospital, it is said that he received extraordinary care that both enlightened his spiritually and invested in him a desire to use his talents to return thanks to those who saved his life. While newer evidence suggests these stories are mostly just self-serving for the organizations themselves, they likely came about because they allowed his caregivers to associate themselves with the artist who would eventually be tagged "the best in Christendom" because of his portrait and theological works.…...

Christian
This course changed my concept of what it meant to be a Christian in three fundamental ways, all focused on what it means to me to be a Christian in modern society, rather than on the theological underpinnings of Christianity. This course helped me realize that Christianity is not merely a system of belief, which is how many people conceive of religion. Instead, Christianity must be a combination of action and belief. However, it also made me more committed to some of the fundamental underpinnings of Christian theology, which I had admittedly abandoned in my own desire to equate being a Christian with being a good person and trying to do the right thing. However, reading this book, I came to the realization that I was failing to embrace all of Christianity. Just as it is necessary, but not sufficient, to be a good person in order to honestly…...

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References

Towns, Elmer. (2007). Core Christianity. Chattanooga: AMG Publishers.

Both the statues serve the purpose of transmitting the idea that Virgin Mary and Christ the baby are the owners of absolute wisdom. One however is highly majestic and monumental while the other is simpler. Both of them communicate fundamental Christian values. They both have a similar dark colour which suggests the dark ages in which they were created. In both cases the virgin is depicted as protective. In one case the interaction is very strong between the child and the virgin, while in the other one both figures interact with the viewer through their frontal position.

In both cases virgin Mary acts as a supportive element, whether she is the one who holds the desired answer or the very throne for her son. Both of the statues are conceived in a manner which allows them to be cult objects, subject to processes of devotion.

All in all it can be stated…...

Venus in Art
Introduction to Venus and Aphrodite:

Throughout history, Venus has long been a source of inspiration for artists. Her representation of love and beauty has been captured in various mediums, from the visual arts of paintings and sculpture to music and drama; Venus has served as a universal symbol of beauty and has embodied the secrets of love. Central to understanding how artists have been able to use her as such a representation of love and beauty, is understanding Venus and Aphrodite's roles in history and Greek mythology.

Venus is an ancient Italian goddess closely associated with fields and gardens and later identified by the Romans with the Greek goddess of love, Aphrodite. Although the question as to how Venus came to be identified with so important a deity as Aphrodite remains unanswered, Venus' identification with Aphrodite is certain and because of this is often depicted in art. As a native…...

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Works Cited

Arscptt, C. & Scott, K. (Eds.) (2000). Manifestations of Venus: Art and sexuality. New York: Manchester University Press.

Beckley, B. (ed.) (1998). Uncontrollable Beauty: Toward a new aesthetics. New York: Allworth Press.

Hersey, G. (1996). The evolution of allure: sexual selection from the Medici Venus to the Incredible Hulk. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Goodman, E. (ed.) (2001). Art and Culture in the Eighteenth Century: new dimensions and multiple perspectives. Newark: University of Delaware Press.

For Mary and Colin, Martha is the greatest example of motherhood and helps both of them to live as peaceable as possible in the manor house. There is also Dr. Craven, the brother of Archibald and uncle to Colin, who watches over Colin during his illness and who hopes to inherit the manor if and when Colin dies. Lastly, there is Saidie, Mary's ayah or nursemaid/nanny who abandons Mary to the cholera, hoping that she dies along with her parents. Of course, there are other characters like Mrs. Medlock and Phoebe, but these are only secondary figures that do not play real important roles in Mary's life.
Two of the most important events in the Secret Garden are Mary leaving India and her discovery of robin redbreast and the secret garden. In the first event, when the cholera epidemic breaks out and every member of her family, along with all…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Burnett, Frances Hodgson. The Secret Garden. New York: Penguin Classics, 2002.

"The Secret Garden." Internet. 2009. Accessed September 3, 2009 from http: / / www.

sparknotes.com/lit/secretgarden.

John La Farge is often referred to as one of the most "innovative and versatile American artists of the nineteenth century" and "the most versatile American artist of his time," a true Renaissance spirit that was not afraid to experiment in different areas of paintings and with different techniques. One look at works such as "The Great Statue of Amida uddha at Kamakura, Known as the Daibutsu, from the Priest's Garden," painted during his trip to Japan, will gives us the impression of a personality that transcended boundaries, approached new cultures and civilizations and remained an icon for art in the 19th century.
orn in New York City, in 1835, John La Farge studied with William Morris Hunter at the beginning of his career as a painter. In 1856, he benefited from a trip to France, where he familiarized himself with the most notable artists in art history. Visiting the Louvre,…...

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Bibliography

1. John La Farge. On the Internet at  http://www.metmuseum.org/explore/lafarge/Html/Index.htm 

2. JOHN LA FARGE. On the Internet at http://www.butlerart.com/pc_book/pages/john_la_farge_1835.htm

3. Biography-John La Farge. On the Internet at  http://www.crgalleries.com/lafarge.html 

4. Akiko Mabuchi. Japanese Art and Japonisme Part I: Early English Writings. Ganesha Publishing, 1999