Crimes in the U.S. Introduction
Contrary to US civil law, the nation’s criminal law represents a legal system which deals with penalizing those who perpetrate criminal offenses. Among the many criminal laws of the nation is its 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act or, simply, crime bill. The bill’s enactment was, in a number of ways, characteristic of the tough-on-criminals bipartisan campaign of the latter part of the past century. The bill included numerous positive provisions like greater law enforcement accountability and fresh protections for those victimized by perpetrators of sexual abuse/assault and domestic violence; however, it was believed to worsen the racial gap in involvement in the criminal justice arena (Moore, 2017). Hence, this paper attempts at ascertaining the desired impact of the aforementioned crime bill, as well as court interpretation of the act through examining different aspects of the bill.
History of crime bill
The 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law…...

PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENT CRIMESThe Female Gender as Perpetrators of Violent CrimesThis topic has been selected from table 33 from the FBI website on the arrest trends in 2019. According to the FBI report, violent crimes comprise rape, aggravated assault, robbery, and non-negligent manslaughter and murder. According to one report, a total of 62,053 women above 18 years were charged with violent crimes, while 5,572 females below 18 years were charged with the same in 2019.I selected this topic because it is a unique occurrence. For the longest time, the male gender has been perceived to be the perpetrators of violent crimes like murder. Ideally, the female is not built for such crimes. However, statistics have brought out a view contrary to this prior common belief over the last few years.There have been rising cases of women being charged and convicted in some of the crimes mentioned above. Many agree with…...

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Reference

Dekel, B., Abrahams, N., & Andipatin, M. (2019). Exploring the intersection between violence against women and children from the perspective of parents convicted of child homicide. Journal of family violence, 34(1), 9-20.

Logistics in Aviation
Services for the victims for populations that is underserved

Once one recognizes that children, young people and grownup victims of marital violence, relationship violence, sexual misdemeanor as well as stalking living in the countryside have to face certain unique hurdles to receiving help and other challenges which are not so often encountered in urban regions, designing grant funded programs for this underserved population becomes easier. The problem however can be compounded by factors like geographical isolation, economic structure, specifically strong social as well as cultural pressures, and unavailability of available services in the countryside - all of which create major problems for those who want to get assistance as well as services to put an end to the violence affecting them. All these factors also make it hard for the criminal justice system to examine and impeach cases involving domestic violation, relationship violence, sexual misdemeanor, and stalking. Furthermore, socio-cultural,…...

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References

Conyers, J. (2007). The 2005 Reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act. Violence Against Women Volume 13 Number 5.

Division of Criminal Justice Services. (2009). Rural Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault and Stalking Assistance Grant Program Guidelines. State of West Virginia, Department of Military Affairs and Public Safety. www.djcs.wv.gov

Kernic, M.A., Monary-Ernsdorff, D.J., Koepsell, J.K., and Holt, V.L. (2005). Children in the crossfire: child custody determinations among couples with a history of intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women. 11(8):991-1021

Sheeran, M., & Hampton, S. (1999). Supervised Visitation in Cases of Domestic Violence. Juvenile and Family Court Journal 50(2), 13-26.

Implementing a Problem-Oriented Policing Crime Reduction Program in the City of Nashville, Tennessee Statement of the Problem
Law enforcement agencies have made substantial progress in reducing violent crime and property crime rates in many municipalities across the country, and the United States can be regarded as being significantly safer for its citizenry today compared to the alarmingly high crime rates in the 1990s (Gramlich, 2020). Nevertheless, pockets of high crime rates remain firmly in place in some American cities despite ongoing efforts by law enforcement agencies to address these trends. As the research that follows will show, combating property and violent crime is a challenging enterprise at any time, but the devastating effects of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic have adversely affected employment levels in many cities and a growing number of Americans are facing eviction and hunger. It is not surprising, then, that crime rates remain intractable in cities where unemployment rates…...

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References

Boyce, A. (2019). A re-imagining of evaluation as social justice: A discussion of the education justice program. Critical Education, 10, 37-42.

Braga, A. A. (2008). Problem-oriented policing and crime prevention. Munsey, NY: Criminal Justice Press.

Braga, A. A., Weisburd, D. L. & Waring, E. J. (1999). Problem-oriented policing in violent crime places: A randomized controlled experiment. Criminology, 37(3), 541-555.

Crime in Nashville. (2020).  

Crime and violence. (2020). U.S. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved from  https://www.healthypeople.gov/ .

Giwa, S. (2018). Community policing in racialized communities: A potential role for police social work, Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 1-17.

Gramlich, J. (2020, November 20). What the data says (and doesn’t say) about crime in the United States. Pew Research Center. Retrieved from  https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/11/20/facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s/ .

Hinkle, J. C., Weisburd, D. & Telep, C. W. (2020, June 15). Problem?oriented policing for reducing crime and disorder: An updated systematic review and meta?analysis. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 16(2), 37-44.https://www.areavibes.com/nashville-tn/crime/#:~:text=In%20Nashville%2C%20TN%20you%20have,theft%20and%20motor%20vehicle%20theft .

The term signature aspect is used to refer to unique behavior that is exhibited by the criminal that is peculiar to that particular criminal though may not be necessary in committing the crime. One of the most common signature aspects is the calling card, or tattooing of the dead bodies, use of excessive force, leaving notes behind and many more. These are not necessary in killing of victims but are a sign of claiming the crime (John E. Douglas, 2011).

The components of crime classification that I learnt about and are central in the crime classification are finding out the defining characteristics of the crimes and the crime scenes, this will be instrumental in telling the motive behind the crime and in the case of multiple motives, the most outstanding will guide the profiling. The other component is victimology which is the complete history of the victim which will help in…...

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References

Anthony Lantosca, (2006) IAFEI: The truth about Deception Detection. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from  http://www.iafei.com/deception-detection/ 

Encyclopedia of mental Disorders, (2012). Hare Psychopathy Checklist. Retrieved February 11,

2012 from http://www.minddisorders.com/Flu-Inv/Hare-Psychopathy-Checklist.html

Hwakins, (2012). The Baseline Killer. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from  http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/baseline-killer/1.html

Violent Crimes
Criminology

Crime analysis and crime investigation are the methods by which criminologists study and prevent crime. Violent crimes pose multiple dangers to the public. Violent crimes are often complex and require resources to understand how the crime was committed. Criminology studies not only how crimes are committed, but also the study of the criminal behaviors and personalities of the criminals who commit violent crimes. Criminology has been made exceptionally popular in the late 20th century and early 21st century in many television dramas. The increase in attention to criminology and criminologists has influence the interest in criminology as well as influence the development of criminologists' tools and methods. This paper will examine the violent crime of murder briefly and offer insight as to methods by which the crime can be analyzed.

Criminologists studying murders and murderers absolutely use prescriptive interviews. Interviewing murderers has become part and parcel of the analysis…...

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References:

Kiefer, M. (2010, August 4). New 'Baseline Killer' details emerge Tuesday in court testimony. The Arizona Republic. Available from

"The Manson Snyder Interviews." Web. Available from

Crimes are classified as felonies or misdemeanors. Felony refers to serious crimes such as rape, murder, violent robbery, while misdemeanor refers to lesser crimes such as theft, fraud, or unlawful carrying of weapons.
2. eview the crimes of John Wayne Gacy. Classify his crimes and explain the classification. Examine each component of the classification modeling the examples used in the text. Use what you can find in published articles, interviews, and scholarly information on the web. Make sure to reference your sources.

John Wayne Casey was the notorious serial killer who was guilty of murdering at least thirty three young males between 1972 and 1978 in Chicago. His victims were males aged from twelve to their mid-twenties. His court trials began in 1980 after physical evidences pointed to his guilt and he had admitted to killing over thirty persons and burying them under his house. The prosecutors insisted that Gacy was…...

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References

Bell, R., & Bardsley, M. (n.d.) John Wayne Gacy, Jr. TruTV. Retrieved from:  http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/gacy/gacy_1.html 

Crime classifications and definitions (n.d.) Retrieved from: http://public.getlegal.com/legal-info-center/types-of-crimes

Description of sex offender criminal offenses (n.d.) the Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority. Retrieved from:  http://www.icjia.state.il.us/public/index.cfm?metaSection=About&metaPage=sotrcdsoco#cp 

Hawkins, K. (n.d.). The Baseline Killer. TruTV. Retrieved from:

He was looking to face life in prison if he had not committed suicide. One of his many conflagrations was not confined to mere destruction and damage in California's wildlife areas, but actually caused property damage to someone's home. There is no telling how great of a financial burden such damage was to the owner of the home, if he or she happened to have any sort of homeowners insurance specific to fires, and how much of a burden it may have been to finance the deductible if such insurance did indeed belong to the owner. Lastly, it should be noted that arsonists were responsible for $173 million in direct economic damage between 2000 and 2006, which cost tax payers millions more to extinguish. Hough, in keeping with this sort of company by committing similar actions, definitely had a noxious effect upon the property and finances of the residents…...

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Furthermore, while fire starters may actually be innocuous, Hough's deeds were definitely harmful and fairly costly, at that. The final fire that he willfully started on the day of his arrest, the Colby Fire, consumed 168 acres of wildlife, took $1.3 million for the Forest Service to eventually extinguish, and closed down a state highway for three days. The money required to put out that fire is being paid by taxpayers, many of whom are overworked and underpaid. There is no telling how much inconvenience and turmoil the lack of access to state highway 32 may have caused during that three day period, which could have potentially separated people from their jobs or homes, or severely affected their abilities to access both of those important locations. There can be no doubt that Hough's efforts, which he himself could not explain, whimsical as they may have been, caused a considerable amount of pecuniary damage and destruction in general.

Further evidence that confirms the fact that Hough was no mere fire starter and was, in fact, a full-fledged arsonist can be found in the fact that he was arrested as a serial arsonist on what was initially nine felony counts and had bail set at over two thirds of a million dollars. He was looking to face life in prison if he had not committed suicide. One of his many conflagrations was not confined to mere destruction and damage in California's wildlife areas, but actually caused property damage to someone's home. There is no telling how great of a financial burden such damage was to the owner of the home, if he or she happened to have any sort of homeowners insurance specific to fires, and how much of a burden it may have been to finance the deductible if such insurance did indeed belong to the owner. Lastly, it should be noted that arsonists were responsible for $173 million in direct economic damage between 2000 and 2006, which cost tax payers millions more to extinguish. Hough, in keeping with this sort of company by committing similar actions, definitely had a noxious effect upon the property and finances of the residents of the state of California. Due to this effect, there can be little doubt that he was no mere fire starter, but was a serial arsonist whose capture may have prevented untold amounts of further financial and property damage throughout the state.

The vast majority of cases involving arson are classified as property crimes, for the simple fact that arson is one of the most effective means of destruction known to man and that the damage to property that it may cause is oftentimes considerable (as a casual look at Hough's efforts indicates). Furthermore, formal arson is always a felony, typically due to the amounts of property damage that it incurs. There are lesser offenses for fire-related crimes, such as malicious burning. But arson itself is always a felony and usually considered a crime of property damage.

Picking an Investigative Field: Violent Crimes
When it comes to the selection of an investigative field, we all have a wide range of fields to choose from. These include, but they are not limited to, violent crimes, property crimes, sex crimes, narcotics, etc. If I were to pick one of these, I would settle on violent crimes.

Violent crimes are, as elucidated in the UC (Uniform Crime eporting) Program, and as described by the FBI (2015), "are those offenses which involve force or threat of force," and they include sex offenses, suicide, assault and battery, robbery with violence, as well as homicide. As would be the case in any other career field, the relevance of adequate preparations in this particular investigative field cannot be overstated. Personally, I would prepare for this job by, amongst other things, understanding the nature of violent crimes -- i.e. what violent crimes entail. On this front, I…...

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References

FBI. (2015). Violent Crime. Retrieved 18th Feb, 2015 from:  http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/violent-crime

The charts show us why.
2. ape: There were also a huge number of rapes during these 5 years but interestingly rapes actually increased from 644 cases in 1990 to 763 cases in 21995 (1998 and 2001 showed the level to remain approximately consistent and then to drop to 294 cases in 2010). N This may have been due to the case that the Bronx, always a hotbed of violence and unrest had to defuse their energy somewhere. Hence, they turned to rape instead of murder to do so. Nonetheless, the fact that rape did not decrease is interesting

Staten Island 1990-1995

1. Murder -- There were 29 murder cases in 1990 compared to 26 in 1995. The level had dropped but not dramatically. In fact, the decline was an insignificant -- 34.6%. Nonetheless, we see Guilliani's influence here too. (Murder levels greatly decreased in the years following although recently, once again…...

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References:

BJS. Bureau of Justice Statistics

http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/glance/cv2.cfm

Police Department City of New York

NYPD:  http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/crime_prevention/crime_statistics.shtml

Whether it is a matter of terrorism as revealed by the 9/11 attacks or that of the Tamil Tigers, the question remains on the legitimacy of the claims the groups are making. On the one hand, there is the matter of religious claims, which are common depending on the type of religion, and with which its adepts can identify, and on the other there are the ethnic groups, which support the terrorist movements providing them legitimacy. The religious part is most often associated with the Jihad whereas the ethnic nationalist terrorism is associated with groups as mentioned above. However, the ethnic groups tend to provide more legitimacy because they are based on more common history, geography and have more arguments in their favor.
Overall, the issue of terrorism, be it of any nature, is a rather sensitive aspect in the last decades. Ethnic nationalistic terrorism is often associated with a…...

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References

Defining Terrorism: A Principled Approach. (n.d) Accessed 5 April 2013, from  http://lawofwar.org/defining_terrorism.htm 

O'Neill, William. "Concept Paper: Beyond the Slogans: How Can the UN Respond to Terrorism? In Responding to Terrorism: What Role for the United Nations?" International Peace Academy. 2002. Available from www.ciaonet.com

Pickert, Kate. "The Tamil Tigers." Time World. Online edition. 2009. Accessed 5 April 2013 from  http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1869501,00.html 

Townshend, Charles. "Terrorism: in search of the definite article." Open Democracy. 2007. Accessed 5 April 2013, from  http://www.opendemocracy.net/conflicts/democracy_terror/what_is_terrorism

Women and Acts of Violent Crimes in the Year Of
The increased involvement of women involved in violent crimes in the year of 2013 has led to the development of more equitable services in a system primarily created from research based on male adolescent offenders (Sondheimer, 2001). Studying women and violent crimes has been crucial to understanding their acts compared to men. Statistics show that there is a growing amount of violence coming from women in the past two years when compared to women. Since 2012 the amount of female defendants convicted of felonies in State courts has grown at more than 2 times the rate of rise in male defendants. In 2013 an estimated 960,000 women were under the care, control, or custody of correctional agencies & probation or parole organizations verseeing 75% of these offenders in the community. The entire equals a rate of around 1 woman involved with…...

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Reference

Creswell, J.W. (2011). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

Crime eporting
What Do You Think?

Crime eporting: UC and NCVS

The Uniform Crime eport is a compilation of offensives collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from all police stations in the United States. Data collected is divided into two groups, Part I and Part II. Part I data includes violent and property crimes such as aggravated assault, forcible rape, murder, robbery, arson, burglary, larceny-theft, and motor vehicle theft. Part II offenses include simple assault, curfew offenses and loitering, embezzlement, forgery and counterfeiting, disorderly conduct, driving under the influence, drug offenses, fraud, gambling, liquor offenses, offenses against the family, prostitution, public drunkenness, runaways, sex offenses, stolen property, vandalism, vagrancy, and weapons offenses ("Uniform Crime eports.," 2012).

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is conducted by telephone and collects information on nonfatal crimes reported and not reported to the police against persons age twelve and older from a nationally representative sample of U.S.…...

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References

"Crime rates are down." (2012, June 11). Crime in the United States 2011. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved April 21, 2013, from  http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2012/june/crimes_061112/crimes_061112 

Schmalleger, F. (2009). Criminolology today: An integrative introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.

Truman, J.L. & Planty, M. (2012, October). Criminal victimization, 2011. U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved April 21, 2013, from  http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cv11.pdf 

"Uniform crime reports." (2012, October). Crime in the United States 2011. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved April 21, 2013, from  http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/index-page

Crime Detection and Prevention
It is an unfortunate fact of modern society that crime and criminal activity are part of our world today. This is particularly the case in situations that make an easy target for criminals. ape and robbery, for example, tend to be encouraged in environments that appear to be easy targets. All-night convenience stores, for example, may appear to be easy targets because they have low security features and often have only one employee per shift. The specific crime under discussion in this case is therefore the night-time robbery of all-night convenience stores.

When considering the factors in the Problem Analysis Chart offered by Clarke and Eck (p. 29), the environment provides a significant incentive for criminal activity. A convenience store at a remote location, for example, might appear to be an "easy" target for robbery. The problem analysis triangle, or crime trianble, may therefore offer valuable insight ino…...

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References

Center for Problem Oriented Policing. (n.d.). Twenty Five Techniques of Situational Prevention. Retrieved from:  http://www.popcenter.org/library/25%20techniques%20grid.pdf 

Clarke, R.V. And Eck, J.E. (n.d.) Crime Analysis for Problem Solvers in 60 Small Steps. Center for Problem Oriented Policing. Retrieved from:  http://www.popcenter.org/library/reading/PDFs/60steps.pdf 

Crime in America.net (2011, Feb 22). Top 10 Factors Contributing to Violent Crime. Retrieved from: http://www.crimeinamerica.net/2011/02/22/top-10-factors-contributing-to-violent-crime/

Crime
As Schmalleger explains, the American juvenile-justice system was designed a century ago to reform kids found guilty of minor crimes, but more and more, the system has to cope with more violent crimes committed by younger people. The response on the part of lawmakers has been largely to siphon the worst of these young people out of the juvenile system by lowering the age at which juveniles charged with serious crimes can be tried in adult courts, a trend that seems to increase around election time. The underlying philosophy of early juvenile courts was parens patriae, which means that the courts took the role of parent and protected the rights of the child. Shifting the child to adult court reduces his or her rights rather than increasing them and also bring son harsher punishments. As Daniel P. Mears notes, the creators of the juvenile court system thought it would be…...

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Works Cited

Eskridge, Chris W. Criminal Justice, 4th edition. New York: Roxbury, 1993.

Schmalleger, Frank. Criminal Justice Today 8th edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005.

Based on an understanding of the facts about immigration in the modern-day United States, this would be a good topic for a thesis statement on immigration reform: Modern immigration rules and laws favor immigrants from some countries over others and place a significant financial burden on prospective immigrants and on those who would sponsor them; removing some of those financial burdens would incentivize legal immigration and therefore reduce the number of people seeking to enter the country as undocumented immigrants, helping resolve the country’s undocumented immigrant problem.

Before trying to write a thesis statement about immigration reform, it....

1. Should social media platforms be held responsible for monitoring and removing hate speech?
2. Is the death penalty an effective deterrent for violent crime?
3. Should college athletes be paid for their performance?
4. Are stricter gun control laws necessary to reduce gun violence?
5. Should the government provide free healthcare for all citizens?
6. Is climate change a result of human activity?
7. Should the minimum wage be increased to a livable wage?
8. Is affirmative action still necessary in today's society?
9. Should standardized testing be the primary measure of student achievement?
10. Is privacy in the digital age a fundamental human right?
11. Should the use....

Sure, here are a few essay topics on the subject of Pembunuhan (murder):

1. The psychology of a murderer: exploring the mindset and motivations behind committing murder.
2. The impact of media portrayal on public perception of murder cases.
3. The role of gender and society in shaping perceptions of murderers and their crimes.
4. The legal and ethical considerations surrounding the death penalty in murder cases.
5. Investigating the prevalence of serial killers in modern society.
6. The portrayal of murder in literature and its impact on cultural attitudes towards violence.
7. The influence of mental illness and personality disorders on the likelihood of committing murder.
8.....

Gender Equality in Contemporary American Culture: A Historical Perspective

Introduction:
In the tapestry of American culture, gender equality stands as a vibrant thread, woven amidst centuries of societal evolution and sociopolitical struggles. This essay delves into the historical trajectory of gender equality, exploring the shifts, triumphs, and ongoing challenges that have shaped its current status in American society.

Historical Roots:
The seeds of gender equality were sown in the early days of the American republic, with the signing of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and the Constitution (1789). These foundational documents enshrined the principles of liberty and equality, yet they fell short of extending....