Urinary Trait Infection A mother brings her 4-year-old daughter concerned about a possible urinary tract infection. She reports her child has had three prior episodes of urinary tract infection in the last 15 months. The mother states that she had problems when she was a child. Urinary tract infections are generally common among children and can pose severe bacterial infection during childhood (Kaufman, Temple-Smith & Sanci, 2019). Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of the condition is critical to help improve a child’s condition and lessen the significant economic burden it brings to the healthcare system. Diagnosis of this condition entails examining a patient’s family and medical history. Since the mother has indicated she had problems when she was child, the diagnosis would require collecting additional information regarding her family history. This would help establish whether the child’s condition is associated with a genetic predisposition (Leung et al., 2019). It is also…...

Healthcare professionals usually encounter challenges to address the health conditions facing female patients. In light of the changing nature of today’s society, chronic and acute illnesses among women have become more prevalent. The prevalence of such illnesses is attributable to the unique health issues and conditions that women experience in their day-to-day life. While some of these health conditions affect men too, they are more severe among women. Given the unique health conditions, women experience chronic and acute illnesses that affect their overall health and wellbeing. Some of the chronic and acute health conditions affecting women include urinary tract infections and osteoporosis. This paper examines the management of these two conditions through comparison of common and non-traditional treatment modalities. Urinary Tract Infection and Osteoporosis
A urinary tract infection is defined as an infection involving organs that create urine and carry it out of the human body (Harvard Health Publishing, 2017). Some of…...

UTI Case Study
The case of L.J., a 23-year-old woman with no previous history of UTI, is one that represents a case of lower urinary tract infection. The gram negative rods on the gram stain are one of two types of bacteria classified that appear around the world; the gram negative classification is just a way to identify the type of bacteria associated with the infection: the bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan with a cell membrane and porins in the membrane. This is important to know, as the membrane guards the bacteria from various types of antibiotics that might otherwise be used. Knowing that the bacteria is gram negative instead of gram positive allows the health care provider to utilize an appropriate treatment method. This paper will discuss the possible treatment plans for L.J. in order to treat her UTI.

Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of the urinary tract infection is that the pathogen causing…...

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References

Barillo, D., Marx, D. (2014). Silver in medicine: A brief history BC 335 to present.

Burns, 40(S1): 3-8.

Hooton, T. (2012). Clinical practice: Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. New England Journal of Medicine, 366(11): 1028-37.

Lee, H., King, D. (2013). Complementary Therapy Strategies: Myths, Facts, and Lifestyle. Urinary Tract Infection. UK: Springer.

Clinical Practice Problem/EBP/PICOThis report examines the evidence surrounding postoperative urinary retention (POUR) and proposes a practice change recommendation based on current research and clinical guidelines.Part A: Clinical Practice Problem of Urinary Retention After SurgeryImpact of the Clinical Practice ProblemUrinary retention after surgery is a significant clinical problem that can lead to discomfort, pain, and potential complications for the patient (Harland et al., 2023). The inability to void can result in bladder overdistension; it can also lead to increased risk of urinary tract infections and prolonged hospital stays. For the healthcare organization, this can mean increased costs due to extended hospitalization, potential readmissions, or the need for avoidable interventions such as catheterization. One result might a decline in patient satisfaction or even potential legal implications if the problem is not addressed promptly.PICO Components P (Patient/Population/Problem): Patients who have undergone surgery. I (Intervention): Prophylactic strategies or interventions to prevent postoperative urinary retention…...

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References

Harland, N., Walz, S., Eberli, D., Schmid, F. A., Aicher, W. K., Stenzl, A., & Amend, B. (2023).

Stress Urinary Incontinence: An Unsolved Clinical Challenge. Biomedicines, 11(9), 2486.

Hooton, T. M., Bradley, S. F., Cardenas, D. D., Colgan, R., Geerlings, S. E., Rice, J. C., ... &

How Registered Nurses can Help Prevent Urinary Tract Infections Background and Context
Concepts, models and theories
Today, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) remain one of the primary causes of nosocomial infections in the United States. Despite increasingly aggressive efforts to reduce the prevalence of CAUTIs, current estimates indicate that as many as half of all hospitalized patients receiving indwelling catheters do not have the corresponding documentation concerning the application of evidence-based criteria for this clinical decision (Weldon, 2013). The most recent guidelines from the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee stress the need to infection prevention by limiting both the use of catheters wherever possible as well as the duration of use in order to decrease the number of nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Welden, 2013).
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) likewise emphasizes the need for the improved use of indwelling catheters and estimates that acute care hospitals experienced 93,000 UTIs in…...

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References

Benner, P. (1982, Mar). From novice to expert. The American Journal of Nursing, 82(3), 402-407.

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection. (2018, January). U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Device associated module.

Gelinas, L. (2015, March). Enough already! Let\\'s start using ANA\\'s CAUTI tool- now. American Nurse Today, 10(3), 6.

Gould, C. V., Umscheid, C. A., Rajender, K. A. et al. (2017, February 15). Guideline for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee, 2-61.

Ileno, B. A. & Wideman, M. (2013, July/August). The financial and clinical benefits of a hospital-based PhD nurse researcher. Nursing Economics, 31(4), 194-197.

Keeping nursing home residents safe. (2018). PowerPoint presentation.

Knowles, M. S. (1970). Andragogy: An emerging technology for adult learning. The British Library.

Knowles, M. S. (1980). The modern practice of adult education: From andragogy to pedagogy. New York: Follett.

Urinary tract infections can occur in the upper or lower areas of the urinary system. The urinary system includes the bladder and kidneys. Upper urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur in the kidney and often have similar symptoms as lower UTIs that occur in the bladder. Similar symptoms are frequent urination of small volume that is painful and can progress into a fever. A key difference however, is that upper UTIs can result in severe and possibly life-threatening kidney infections and thus people may experience pain in the flank area along with vomiting and nausea (Huether & McCance, ).Maintaining the theme of the urinary system, a male reproductive system disorder that is common is urethritis. Urethritis is an inflammatory process that usually, not always caused by a sexually transmitted organism. Infectious urethritis caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae is often called gonococcal urethritis (Huether & McCance, 2015, p. 855). Additionally, there are nonsexual…...

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References

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2015). Understanding Pathophysiology - E-Book (6th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.

Jayakumar, S., Pringle, K., & Ninan, G. (2014). Steroid Instillation for Idiopathic Urethritis in Children: An 8-Year experience. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 25(02), 212-215. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1368800

Case Study: Urinary Tract Infection CHIEF COMPLAINT: Urination with a burning sensation, pelvic genital pain, frequent and urgent urination, urine which is colored for the past three days and dribbling urination.
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: A patient visits complaining about urination with a burning sensation, pelvic genital pain, frequent and urgent urination, urine which is colored for three days and dribbling urination. He is an African American who is 58 years old. However, he denies having fever.
Assessment
This 58-year-old man describes his symptoms as having urination with a burning sensation, pelvic genital pain, frequent and urgent urination, urine which is colored for three days and dribbling urination. These symptoms show that he has a urinary tract infection commonly known as UTI. This infection has been often diagnosed in older adults. Most of the times, it has been diagnosed in residents with long-term care. This accounts for over a third of all infections associated…...

UTI and AKIUTIs can lead to AKI, especially if the infection progresses to pyelonephritis or sepsis, which can significantly impact kidney function. This risk might be influenced by several factors, including underlying health conditions, the severity of the infection, and timely access to treatment. The study by Ghimire et al. (2020) goes into the examination of these risk factors and what has been found among East Asian women with regard to UTIs, sepsis and AKI. Li et al. (2022) also provide evidence of trends among this demographic showing that signals the effect diet has on the spread of AKI. Li et al. (2022) point out that in East Asia, the trend of the burden of disease is declining due to dietary changes, such as the increased consumption of fruits and vegetables by both adults and children. This is an important point to consider in the problem of UTI and AKI…...

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ReferencesGhimire, M., Vaidya, S., & Upadhyay, H. P. (2020). Clinicodemographic Profile of Kidney Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital of Central Nepal, Chitwan: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA: Journal of the Nepal Medical Association, 58(227), 459.Li, S., Huang, X., Liu, J., Yue, S., Hou, X., Hu, L., & Wu, J. (2022). Trends in the incidence and DALYs of urolithiasis from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 825541.Ligon, M. M., Joshi, C. S., Fashemi, B. E., Salazar, A. M., & Mysorekar, I. U. (2023). Effects of aging on urinary tract epithelial homeostasis and immunity. Developmental biology, 493, 29-39.

Challenges and Opportunities The major challenge is how to keep track of any inserted urinary catheter in a patient. It has been shown that most times physicians and nurses will forget about a urinary catheter, and this is one of the major causes of infections in patients. Therefore, there should be a strategy in place for monitoring any urinary catheter that has been inserted in a patient and ensuring that it is removed when it is no longer needed. Removal of unnecessary catheters ensures that HAIs associated with the catheter is prevented. Another challenge is the time it takes to recognize that a catheter is in place and the physician determines it is no longer needed and issues a removal order. This might take hours or days. According to (Meddings et al., 2014) any delay in removing a catheter increases the patient's risk of infections and catheter-associated complications.
Maintaining awareness of any…...

NUSING AbstractHealthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) are the ones that are caught by the patient when they are at the hospital for the treatment of another medical condition. One of the common infections is urinary tract infection, which majorly affects the urinary tract system and causes pain and distress for the patients for the rest of their lives. If no proper precautions are taken during catheter insertion, which is considered one of the leading causes of UTI, and no timely treatment is given to the patient, consequences could be severe.The current project seeks to employ a quality improvement project by studying a similar retrospective project from literature. With the deployment of a PDSA cycle, need identification is made, and running a literature review and exploring the evidence-based practices for supporting the change. Further, the paper discusses the application of change theory and its various stages, selecting an inter-professional team for reviewing the…...

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ReferencesAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2017, March). Guide to implementing a program to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections in long-term care.   T., Eliakim-Raz, N., Turjeman, A., Pujol, M., Carratala, J., Shaw, E., Grange, A.G., Vuong, C., Addy, I., Wiegand, I., Grier, S., MacGowan, A., Vank, C., Heuvel, L., & Leibovici, L. (2021). Risk factors for hospital re-admission following complicated urinary tract infection. Scientific Reports, 11.  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86246-7 Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015, October 16). Healthcare-associated infections: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection. https://www.cdc.gov/hai/ca_uti/uti.htmlGoldfield, N.I., McCullough, E.C., Hughes, J.S., Tang, A.M., Eastman, B., Rawlins, L.K. & Averill, R.F. (2008). Identifying potentially preventable re-admissions. Healthcare Financing Review, 30(1), 75-91. Hines, S.C. (2014). Strengthening national efforts to reduce healthcare-associated infections. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.  https://www.ahrq.gov/hai/patient-safety-resources/advances-in-hai/hai-article2.html  Huston, K. (2018, April 16). Blame your anatomy: Women are more prone to UTI than men. Norton Healthcare.  https://nortonhealthcare.com/news/uti-ecare/ Magers, T.L. (n.a.). Using evidence-based practice to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Lippincott Nursing Center.  https://www.nursingcenter.com/ce_articleprint?an=00000446-201306000-00027 Manchester, J., Gray-Miceli, D.L., Metcalf, J.A., Paolini, C.A., Napier, A.H., Coogle, C.L. & Owens, M.G. (2014). Facilitating Lewin’s change model with collaborative evaluation in promoting evidence-based practices of health professionals. Available at: Scholars Compass,  http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/vcoa_pubs/3  Manojlovich, M., Martin, S. & Carraway, S. (2017). Breaking down barriers to aseptic catheter insertion [PowerPoint slides]. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, AHRQ.  https://www.ahrq.gov/hai/cauti-tools/archived-webinars/breaking-down-barriers-slides.html Medinngs, J., Rogers, M.A.M., Krein, S.L., Fakih, M.G., Olmsted, R.N. & Saint, S. (2014). Reducing unnecessary urinary catheter use and other strategies to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection: An integrative view. BMJ Quality and Safety Journal, 23(4), 277-289.  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001774 Montalvo, I. (2007). The national database of nursing quality indicators (NDNQI). OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 12(3).  https://doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol12No03Man02 Nicastri, E. & Leone, S. (2021). Guide to infection control in the healthcare setting: healthcare-associated urinary tract infections. International Society for Infectious Diseases.  https://isid.org/guide/hospital/urinary-tract-infections/  Nicolle, L.E. (2008). Healthcare-acquired urinary tract infection: The problem and solutions. Patient Safety Network (PS Net).  https://psnet.ahrq.gov/perspective/health-care-acquired-urinary-tract-infection-problem-and-solutions Pandey, D., Mehta, S., Grover, A., & Goel, N. (2015). Indwelling Catheterization in Caesarean Section: Time To Retire It! Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR, 9(9), QC01–QC4.  https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2015/13495.6415 Raynaldo, M. (2020). Implementing hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) prevention program [Doctoral dissertation, University St. Augustine for Health Sciences]. SOAR.  https://doi.org/10.46409/sr.RIDN4317https://www.ahrq.gov/hai/quality/tools/cauti-ltc/modules/implementation/guide.html#core Babich,

Research Proposal for Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections
Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI) affects timely reimbursement and prolongs patient stays in the healthcare facility. Many hospitals strive for ways to reduce CAUTIs and take specific medical measures to aid patients in recovery from the same and avoid recurrence of the cases of CAUTIs. These deliberate measures ensure so they can have better patient outcomes and improve patient care. This also improves the reimbursement received from insurance providers.

Research question

The research seeks to investigate the effect of frequent CAUTI education, among the in-hospital patients with indwelling urinary catheter, conducted over six months.

Background and Significance of the Problem

It is common medical knowledge that urinary catheters have the potential to cause urinary tract infections, known as catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Indwelling catheters are a part of many plans of care, specifically for emergent and critical care patients within the hospital setting. According to…...

Nurse burnout is a common occurrence. This can exacerbate an ongoing problem that is seen in hospitals, nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections remain prevalent for patients with extended hospital stays like those in intensive care units. An infection that starts roughly 48 hours after admission, those in intensive care units (ICUs) experience a continued rate of infection leading to increase length of stay, mortality, and morbidity. The number of patients that develop a nosocomial infection are from 7 to 10% internationally (Dasgupta, Das, Hazra, & Chawan, 2015). As such, hospitals have decided to classify nosocomial infection sites based on clinical and biological criteria.
esearch has led to the discovery of several bacterial strains that involve the formation of nosocomial or hospital acquired infections. "The agents that are usually involved in hospital-acquired infections include Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp., enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Legionella and Enterobacteriaceae family members, namely,…...

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References

CDC. (n.d.). HAI Data and Statistics. Retrieved from  https://www.cdc.gov/hai/surveillance/ 

Cheng, C., Bartram, T., Karimi, L., & Leggat, S. (2016). Transformational leadership and social identity as predictors of team climate, perceived quality of care, burnout and turnover intention among nurses. Personnel Review, 45(6), 1200-1216. doi:10.1108/pr-05-2015-0118

Cimiotti, J. P., Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., & Wu, E. S. (2012). Nurse staffing, burnout, and health care -- associated infection. American Journal of Infection Control, 40(6), 486-490. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.02.029

Dasgupta, S., Das, S., Hazra, A., & Chawan, N. (2015). Nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit: Incidence, risk factors, outcome and associated pathogens in a public tertiary teaching hospital of Eastern India. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 19(1), 14. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.148633

The condition was shown to be the second-most common cause of older adults being institutionalized because of the inordinately demanding nature of caring for them that is typically beyond the ability of many spouses or other family members. In the final analysis, the chances of older adults suffering from urinary incontinence are fairly high given that the population will increasingly include older adults, many of whom will be among the very old.
eferences

Beling, J. (2004). Impact of service learning on physical therapist students' knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults and on their critical thinking ability. Journal of Physical

Therapy Education, 18(1), 13-14.

Burke, M. & Laramie, J.A. (2000). Primary care of the older adult: A multidisciplinary approach. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Ebersole, P. & Hess, P. (1999). Toward healthy aging: Human needs and nursing response.

St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Fantl, J.A., Newman, D.K., Colling, J. et al. (1996). Managing acute and chronic urinary incontinence.…...

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References

Beling, J. (2004). Impact of service learning on physical therapist students' knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults and on their critical thinking ability. Journal of Physical

Therapy Education, 18(1), 13-14.

Burke, M. & Laramie, J.A. (2000). Primary care of the older adult: A multidisciplinary approach. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Ebersole, P. & Hess, P. (1999). Toward healthy aging: Human needs and nursing response.

In the U.S healthcare environment, the clinical practice guidelines are the effective healthcare protocol to enhance patient’s safety as well as achieving evidence-based practice. The clinical guidelines provide recommendations to the best available practice to assist clinicians and other healthcare professionals to deliver best and quality care. More importantly, the clinical practice guidelines are designed to optimize patients’ care using the systematic assessment and evidence based review to assess pros and cons of the alternative care options. The guidelines serve as the strongest resources to assist the healthcare professionals to make clinical decisions as well as incorporating evidence gained through practice and scientific investigations into patient practice.  Healthcare organizations develop the guidelines in form and policies, which are endorsed across the organization to create a platform that employees will follow and holding employees accountable to achieve a standard of care.  
Clabsi Hospital is one of the best healthcare organizations the…...

Amin, B et al. (2013). Pitfalls of calculating hospital readmission rates based on nonvalidated administrative data sets. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 18(2): 134-138.
This study examines the University of California's Medical Center in San Francisco in order to determine if its all-cause readmission rates accurately reflect the readmission rates for spine injury patients. The secondary purpose of the study is to identify readmission predictors. The researchers collected data from 5780 consecutive patient visits. 5% of the visitors were readmitted within a month of their discharge. The researchers examined variables that led to their readmission and regression analysis was conducted in order to spot predictors. A t-test was also used to see if there was any difference in admission vs. non-readmission incidents. The researchers found that infection was the number one variable leading to readmission, inoperable management the second most common variable, and planned surgery the third most common variable for…...

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Kachalia, A. (2013). Improving patient safety through transparency. New England

Journal of Medicine, 369: 1677-1679.

This study provides a qualitative review of why transparency is helpful in health care. The researcher shows that openness with patients and clinical health care providers is essential to maintaining a relationship of trust, accountability, and of improving patient safety. The more forthcoming with information that health care providers are with patients, the more forthcoming patients are likely to be with their providers. The research indicates that many health care organizations are still behind the curve when it comes to developing a workplace culture that actively promotes and facilitates transparency. The study indicates that a principled and formal approach to addressing errors in disclosure would go a long way in supporting a culture of transparency. This study is helpful in identifying an issue in nursing that requires attention for the good of both patient and practitioner.

I. Introduction

1. Major Diseases affecting the Urinary System

   1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) - Symptoms include frequent urination, pain or burning sensation during urination, cloudy or strong-smelling urine.
   2. Kidney Stones - Symptoms include severe pain in the back, side, lower abdomen or groin, blood in urine, nausea, and vomiting.

2. Chronic Kidney Disease

   1. Fatigue - Feeling tired all the time.
   2. Swelling - Fluid retention leading to swelling in the legs, hands, or face.

II. Body

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

I. Introduction

1. Importance of Urinary System Health
   
   

   1. Role in waste removal
   
   
   2. Regulation of fluid balance

2. Common Urinary System Diseases
   
   

   1. Prevalence and impact
   
   
   2. Symptoms and their significance

II. Body

1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
   
   

   1. Causes (bacteria, fungus, virus)
   
   
   2. Symptoms (painful urination, cloudy urine)

2. Kidney Stones
   
   

   1. Formation and composition
   
   
   2. Symptoms (severe pain, bloody urine)

3. Prostate Enlargement (Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
   
   

   1. Causes and risk factors
   
   
   2. Symptoms (difficulty urinating, frequent urination)

4. Interstitial Cystitis
   
   

   1. Etiology (unknown)
   
   
   2. Symptoms (painful bladder, urinary frequency)

III. Conclusion

1. Importance of Early Detection and Treatment
   
   

   1. Prevention of complications
   
   
   2. Improved quality of life

2. Future Directions in Urinary System....

Genomic Insights into Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriophages Isolated in Ho Chi Minh City: A Comparative Analysis of the Key Lytic Proteins Holin, Spanin, and Endolysin Introduction

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bloodstream infections. The emergence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains has become a major concern in healthcare settings, and there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial strategies.

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect and kill bacteria. They have been used as therapeutic agents for centuries, and have recently gained renewed interest as a potential weapon against antibiotic-resistant....

1. Lifestyle changes, such as improved hygiene habits and increased water intake, can significantly reduce the prevalence of urinary tract infections among college students.

2. The adoption of healthy behaviors, such as avoiding tight clothing and practicing regular urination, can help prevent urinary tract infections in college students.

3. Dietary modifications, like consuming cranberry products and avoiding caffeine and alcohol, can play a crucial role in reducing the risk of urinary tract infections among college students.

4. Regular exercise and stress management techniques can strengthen the immune system and lower the likelihood of developing urinary tract infections in college students.