Universal healthcare is certainly an intriguing prospect. There are a number of proponents for this form of healthcare and, within the United States, at least, perhaps an equal (as well as equally vociferous) amount of dissidents. Nonetheless, universal healthcare is a reality throughout Europe. In North America, it has long been implemented in Canada with effective results and little reason for disparagement. hen one considers these two examples, as well as the numerous advantages that universal healthcare presents for the society that implements it, it becomes perfectly clear that universal healthcare should get instituted within the United States, as well.
Perhaps the most cogent reasons for the efficacy and utility of universal healthcare are found when comparing it to the current system of healthcare in the United States. At present, healthcare in America involves individuals paying for nearly every aspect of services related to this industry. Perhaps the lone exception is…...
mlaWorks Cited
Guilford, Dave. "What Can Universal Healthcare Provide." www.livestrong.com 2015. Web. http://www.livestrong.com/article/133038-what-can-universal-health-care-provide/
Ireland, Kay. "Pros & Cons of Free Universal Health Care." www.livestrong.com. 2013. Web. http://www.livestrong.com/article/30692-pros-cons-universal-health/
Matthews, Merrill, Litow, Mark. "ObamaCare's Health-Insurance Sticker Shock." The Wall Street Journal. 2013. Web. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323936804578227890968100984.html
Universal Health Care - Literature Review
Universal Health Care
Universal health care is a hot-button topic for many people, especially since "Obamacare" was passed into law. However, there has been some discussion of a health care bill of some kind for the United States for many years before President Obama took office. The debate is nothing new, but there are two sides to the issue - both of which are very significant in what they have to offer when it comes to making a decision as to what would be best for the American public and the health care that they need both now and in the future.
As far back as 1989, Relman was addressing the issue of universal health insurance. He stated at that time that universal health care was a notion whose time had come, and that something needed to be done to protect the American people from the expense…...
mlaBibliography
Asch, Steven M., Kerr, Eve A., Keesey, Joan, Adams, John L., Setodji, Claude M., Malik, Shaista, & McGlynn, Elizabeth A. "Who is at greatest risk for receiving poor-quality health care?" New England Journal of Medicine, 354 (2006): 1147-1156.
Blendon R.J. & Benson J.M. "Public opinion at the time of the vote on health care reform," New England Journal of Medicine, 362 no. 16 (2010): e55.
Lu, Jui-Fen Rachel & Hsaio, William C. "Does universal health insurance make health care unaffordable? Lessons from Taiwan," Health Affairs, 22 no. 3 (2003): 77-88.
Pauly, M.V. "Blending better ingredients for health reform," Health Affairs, 27 no. 6 (2008): w482-w491.
This drug is far more available in the U.S. Others complain about waiting lists for specialists or refusals by their GPs to see much-needed specialists. Specialists in fields of practice such as mental health and dentistry are often scarce, in certain areas of the country. And because of lower tax revenues due to the recession and rising costs due to the aging of the population, the NHS has placed limits on routine orthopedic surgeries, such as hip and knee replacements, and radically restricted the funding of infertility treatments (Donnelly 2010).
However, despite these admitted problems, the United States spends almost 15% of gross domestic product on health care compared with less than 8% in the United Kingdom and a higher proportion of the British population thinks their system works well. (Hull 2005). When the recent Conservative government was elected to power, it reassured the nation that it would take steps…...
mlaReferences
Donnelly, Laura. (2010, July). Axe falls on NHS Services. Daily Telegraph.
Retrieved June 22, 2011 at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/7908742/Axe-falls-on-NHS-services.html
Ham, Chris. (2005). U.S. And UK health care: a special relationship?
BMJ, 330(7491): 597 -- 599. Retrieved June 22, 2011 at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC554041/
Universal health care system also termed as single-payer system in intended for all individuals irrespective of their financial standing. No procedure is considered perfect for the universal or single healthcare system. Several nations are adopting various procedures for attaining the objective of providing insurance facilities to its individuals. Soviet Union is considered as the premier nation engaged in guaranteeing the system of universal health care to its citizens. After prolonged efforts in the sphere of nationalization of medicines in the recent past, it is evident that no other countries practicing nationalization of medicines have accomplished so much achievement as that of Soviet Union. Several developed countries including Canada and UK have adopted the single universal health care system. (Cherner, 1990)
But in America, health care facilities as a matter of right is not granted to all its citizens and it is the only developed country to do so. (Frenkel, 1998)) Irrespective…...
mlaReferences
Cadette, Walter M. (April, 2004) "Policy Note: Health Care Finance in Need of Rethinking" Retrieved at Accessed on 8 September, 2004http://www.levy.org/docs/pn/00-4.html.
Cherner, LL, (1990) "Universal Health Care Almanac" Silver and Cherner, R-C Publications. Phoenix:AZ
Feinn, Rushi. (2003) "Universal Health Insurance- Let the Debate Resume." Journal of the American Medical Association. Volume: 290; No: 1; pp: 88-98
Frenkel, M. (1998) "Financing Universal Health Care Coverage for America's Children" Journal of Health Care Finance. Volume: 24; No: 1; Winter; pp: 84-86
Some believe that a universal healthcare system would provide fewer incentives for doctors, who would be less likely to perform at their best. Doctors who are not paid based on their quality may be more likely to perform at a lower quality, some hypothesize. This argument is also used to support the fact that having national health insurance may dissuade those who would be good doctors from going into the medical field, as they may opt for better paying positions. Paying doctors, and healthcare workers as a whole, is another major issue that those opposed to universal healthcare site. They wonder how the economy can support such a policy, believing that it will be paid for by a hike in taxes, so that the benefit from universal healthcare will be overshadowed by the literal cost.
John O'Shea, a practicing general surgeon and a prominent conservative, takes this view. He argues…...
mlaWorks Cited
Blumer, Tom. "Boston Globe Story Describes MA's State-Run Health Care as 'Trailblazing' As Its Problems Deepen; Will OBC/ABC Notice?" News Busters. 24 June 2009. 27 June 2009.
3).
In the same Hastings Center eport as the above quoted article, another article reiterates, "One widely accepted way of justifying universal access to health care is to argue that access to health care is necessary to ensure health, which is necessary to provide equality of opportunity, but the evidence on the social determinants of hearth undermines this argument" (Sreenivasan, 2007, pg. 21).
Though the literature offers sound reasons why a move to universal health care is not a welcome one according to many experts, it seems likely that some form of health care reform will take place. This is especially true when observing the number of states that are moving towards implementing such a system.
One writer provides the following information; "When I first heard of the Massachusetts state legislation, two things came to mind. One of them was a piece of Canadian history little known to Americans: universal care in…...
mlaReferences
Callahan, D.; (2006) Universal health care: From the states to the nation?, the Hastings Center Report, Vol. 36, No. 5, pp. 28-29
Daniels, N.; (2007) Rescuing universal health care, the Hastings Center Report, Vol. 37, No. 2, pg. 3
Hanson, S.S.; (2007) Libertarianism and universal health care: It's not what you think it is, Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 486-489
Menzel, P.; Light, D.W.; (2006) a conservative case for universal access to health care, the Hastings Center Report, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 36-45
While all of these elements, working in tandem, are a viable way to overhaul the U.S. Health Care System, there needs to be cooperation in the halls of government and on the streets of the nation if the program is to take root.
Political and Sociological Factors to Enact the Changes
Politically, there needs to be a "crossing of the aisle" for those who are politically opposed to one another in the halls of Congress and Senate if the new system will ever happen because of the Federal role in financing, accounting, and administrating the new system. Perhaps most importantly, what the political officials need to understand is that this is an American, or more precisely human issue, rather than one that is associated with one political party or the other. A healthy population is best for everyone and should not be discarded for the sake of political wrangling, advantage, or the…...
mlaBibliography
Bradley, the Progressive?. (1999, September 27). The Nation, 269, 3.
Dixon, J. & Scheurell, R.P. (Eds.). (2002). The State of Social Welfare: The Twentieth Century in Cross-National Review. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Emanuel, E., & Fuchs, V.R. (2005, June). Solved! It Covers Everyone. It Cuts Costs. It Can Get through Congress. Why Universal Healthcare Vouchers Is the Next Big Idea. Washington Monthly, 37, 20+.
Humanized Healthcare. (2000, February 21). The Nation, 270, 16.
According to Bachman (2012) this is based upon the provision that those who do not purchase health insurance must pay a tax each year. Moreover, they think that this will harm the ability of firms to innovate, reduce competition and increase taxes. (Bachman) (Pipes)
Evidence of this can be seen with Bachman saying, "Obamacare represented the largest expansion of entitlement spending and playground of left-wing social engineering in our country's history. The president's health care plan was a power grab by big-government liberals who do not understand that the answer to rising health care costs is not more bureaucracy and higher taxes." This is illustrating how the Tea Party thinks that this is the equivalent of socialized medicine. To prevent Obamacare from causing long-term damage they are dedicated towards its repeal. (Bachman) (Pipes)
Conclusion: The argument that is most compelling is from the hite House and Democrats. This is because health…...
mlaWorks Cited
"Fact Sheet." The White House, 2012. Web. 6 Nov. 2012 < http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/06/28/fact-sheet-affordable-care-act-secure-health-coverage-middle-class >
"Health Care." Mark Udall, 2012. Web. 6 Nov. 2012
"Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act." WGPO, 2010. Web. 6 Nov. 2012
"Read the Law." Health Care, 2012. Web 6 Nov. 2012
universal health care in the U.S. There are numerous compelling arguments in favor of establishing universal health care access in the U.S.; this essay surveys the literature on this topic and presents these arguments.
Providing universal health care would benefit the country as a whole. According to Reuters, Harvard edical School researchers found that each year nearly 45,000 people, or one every 12 minutes, die because they cannot get medical care (Heavey, 2009). This tragedy happens because Americans lack universal health care.
Access to universal health care should be a right of citizenship, not a privilege reserved for the wealthy and powerful. The U.S. is the only industrialized nation in the world that does not have universal health care. As of 2011, thirty-two of the thirty-three developed nations have universal health care; the U.S. is the only exception (COTO Report, 2011).
A particularly convincing argument in favor of universal healthcare is that…...
mlaMesserli, J. (n.d.). Should the Government Provide Free Universal health Care for Americans? Available at: (Accessed on March 1, 2012).http://www.balancedpolitics.org/universal_health_care.htm
Park, A. (2011). U.S. Life Expectancy Lags, Slips in Women. Time Magazine online, June 5, 2011. Available at: / (Accessed on March 1, 2012).http://healthland.time.com/2011/06/15/u-s-life-expectancy-lags-slips-in-women
Peterson, C.L. And Burton, R. (2007). U.S. Health Care Spending: Comparison with Other OECD Countries. Cornell University. Available at: http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1316&context=key_workplace&sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dus%2520rank%2520in%2520per%2520capita%2520expenditure%2520on%2520health%2520care%26source%3Dweb%26cd%3D8%26ved%3D0CFcQFjAH%26url%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fdigitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farticle%253D1316%2526context%253Dkey_workplace%26ei%3DYOxPT-73DeHYiQKy3vS0Bg%26usg%3DAFQjCNGp3l_Kr17n3xXye3_DQZ5rrLznQg#search=%22us%20rank%20per%20capita%20expenditure%20health%20care%22
Chapter 2: eview of elated Literature
Chapter Introduction
This chapter provides the background and an overview of the debate concerning national health insurance and the issues surrounding the provision of universal health care in the United States. A discussion of the implications of universal health care for private insurance carriers and other stakeholders is followed by a review of the criticisms being directed at current efforts to reform health care in the U.S. A brief summary of the research concludes this chapter which is followed by a more complete description of the study's methodology in chapter three below.
Background and Overview
A strictly literal definition of universal health care would mean that everyone, including illegal aliens, all children irrespective of their financial or legal status, and those with preexisting conditions, for example, would be equally entitled to health care services, a situation that may appear as pie-in-the-sky but which is closer to reality than…...
mlaReferences marked with an asterisk indicate studies included in the meta-analysis. The in-text citations to studies selected for meta-analysis are not preceded by asterisks.
Agrawal, G.B. & Veit, H.R. (2002). Back to the future: The managed care revolution. Law and Contemporary Problems, 65(4), 11-12.
American Psychological Association. (2002). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Baskin, T.W., & Enright, R.D. (2004). Intervention studies on forgiveness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82(1), 79.
IntroductionSaying that COVID-19 has been devastating to nations and their citizens seems to be an understatement. The impact that the virus has had on the wellbeing, livelihoods, as well as lives of people not only in the U.S. but across the world is massive. More than 6 million people have so far lost their lives to COVID-19 across the world. In the United States alone, the death toll from the virus is estimated to be more than 900,000 people. It would be prudent to note that in the midst of all this, the pandemic has uncovered some basic truths about our healthcare system as well as services. This is more so the case in relation to the need to ensure that all citizens have access to the relevant healthcare services if, and when, they need them regardless of their financial position or capabilities. This text assesses the need for universal…...
mlaReferences
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities – CBPP (2022). Tracking the COVID-19 Economy’s Effects on Food, Housing, and Employment Hardships. https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/tracking-the-covid-19-economys-effects-on-food-housing-and
Graves, J.A., Baig, K. & Butin, M. (2021). The Financial Effects and Consequences of COVID-19A Gathering Storm. JAMA, 326(19), 1909-1915.
Gaffney, A., Woolhandler, S. & Himmelstein, D.U. (2022). COVID-19 Testing and Incidence among Uninsured and Insured Individuals in 2020: a National Study. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37, 1344-1347.
Overview
The notion of universal health care in the United States is a decidedly polarizing one, which is why this author chose it. Universal health care is a single payer system in which healthcare is subsidized by the government with equal, free access to all. The audience for this document is the array of health care insurance companies. Many people deride such a notion as a harbinger of socialism, which in itself is merely a precursor to communism.
Barkan, Ross. “Universal Healthcare in America? Not a Taboo Now, Thanks to Bernie Sanders”. www.theguardian.com 2017. Web. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/14/universal-healthcare-america-bernie-sanders
This source highlights the growing popularity of a single-payer, universal healthcare system among numerous democrats. It contextualizes this information around a bill proposed by Bernie Sanders, who gained notoriety for running for president last year.
The strength of this sources is its recentness, as it was published two months ago. It directly informs the issue of universal healthcare…...
Discussion Board 5Question 1: Discuss whether the presence of therapeutic misconceptions impacts the internal validity of a medical research study, that is, the extent to which no other variables other than the ones being studied contributed to the result.Therapeutic misconception could, in basic terms, be conceptualized as patient belief that decisions made in relation to the study in which they participate in are meant to benefit them and are tailored to address their specific concerns, as opposed to the establishment of generalizable knowledge. To a large extent, the presence of therapeutic misconceptions could have a significant impact on medical research study internal validity. This is to say that therapeutic misconceptions could affect our confidence regarding the extent to which other factors are responsible for a medical research studys cause-and-effect relationship. For instance, therapeutic misconception could result in a higher attrition rate or experimental mortality which is in itself a…...
mlaReferences
Laake, P., Benestad, H.B. & Olsen, B.R. (2007). Research Methodology in the Medical and Biological Sciences. Academic Press.
Martin, D., Miller, A.P., Quesnel-Vallee, A., Caron, N.R., Vissandjee, B. & Marchildon, G.P. (2018). Canada\\\\\\'s universal health-care system: achieving its potential. Lancet, 391(10131), 1718-1735.
Roy, A. (2011). Why Switzerland Has the World\\\\\\'s Best Health Care System. https://www.forbes.com/sites/theapothecary/2011/04/29/why-switzerland-has-the-worlds-best-health-care-system/?sh=118d7b4a7d74
Part One
The American healthcare system is in a crisis situation, with exorbitant spending unbalanced by “poor health outcomes, including shorter life expectancy and greater prevalence of chronic conditions” versus high income countries with universal healthcare systems (Squires & Anderson, 2015, p. 1). The Affordable Care Act was an attempt, albeit an incomplete one, to reform the way healthcare is structured and financed. Universal health care is a concept that has gained some traction in the United States, but its thorough implementation is hindered by values, norms, and fears. Overall, the pros of universal healthcare undoubtedly outweigh the cons. The pros of universal healthcare include reductions in wasteful spending, the promotion of social justice and health equity, and the improvement of overall health outcomes in the United States.
The United States already has some limited forms of universal healthcare, addressing the needs of specific patient populations. For example, the American military healthcare…...
At which point, the overall costs of care will be passed on to the tax payer in the form of higher taxes. This leads to a decrease in the overall quality of care and it will not slow the price increases, as the government seeks to restrict access to these services. Then, when the program becomes broken (such as: what is happening to Social Security) removing or reforming the bureaucracy is nearly impossible. (Messerili, 2010)
A second argument that many critics make about universal health care is: it will stifle innovation. Whenever, the government is running any kind of program, they will place a large number of restrictions and regulations on the industry. When this takes place, you are causing some of the best and brightest minds to seek careers in other fields, as the restrictions from the government are too cumbersome. A good example of this would be: the…...
mlaBibliography
Trends in Health Care Costs and Spending. (2006). Retrieved March 13, 2010 from Kaiser Foundation website:
http://www.kff.org/insurance/upload/7692_02.pdf
Andersen, R. (2007). Changing the U.S. Health Care System. Washington D.C: National Academy Press.
Gratzer, D. (2002). Better Medicine. Toronto, on: ECW Press.
1. The impact of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) on access to healthcare in the United States
2. The effectiveness of Medicare and Medicaid in providing affordable healthcare to low-income and elderly populations
3. The future of universal healthcare in the United States
4. The role of pharmaceutical companies in rising healthcare costs
5. The importance of mental health coverage in healthcare policies
6. The debate over the privatization of healthcare services
7. The impact of electronic health records on patient care and privacy
8. The implications of genetic testing and personalized medicine on healthcare policy
9. The role of preventative care and public health initiatives in reducing....
1. The benefits and drawbacks of implementing universal healthcare in the United States
2. The impact of universal healthcare on the economy and healthcare industry
3. Exploring different models of universal healthcare systems around the world
4. The ethical considerations of providing universal healthcare to all citizens
5. The role of the government in ensuring access to healthcare for all individuals
6. The relationship between universal healthcare and social equality
7. Challenges and obstacles to implementing universal healthcare in the United States
8. The potential impact of universal healthcare on preventive medicine and public health
9. The role of technology and....
1. The Ethical Imperative of Universal Healthcare
Explore the moral obligation to provide healthcare to all citizens, regardless of their financial status or social background.
Discuss the consequences of denying healthcare to vulnerable populations and the impact it has on society as a whole.
Examine the ethical principles that should guide the design and implementation of universal healthcare systems.
2. The Economic Benefits of Universal Healthcare
Analyze the potential economic advantages of universal healthcare, such as reduced healthcare costs, increased productivity, and reduced poverty.
Consider the impact of universal healthcare on businesses and the economy at large.
Evaluate the long-term economic....
Persuasive Essay Topic Ideas
Education
The Importance of Early Childhood Education
Should College Education Be Free for All?
Technology's Role in Enhancing Education
The Value of Experiential Learning over Traditional Classrooms
The Impact of Standardized Testing on Student Success
Social Issues
The Necessity of Universal Healthcare
The Right to Bear Arms: A Constitutional Imperative
The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
The Importance of Gun Control Legislation
The Benefits of a Universal Basic Income
Environmentalism
Climate Change: A Call to Action
The Necessity of Renewable Energy Sources
The Role of Individuals in Environmental Protection
The Impact of Deforestation on Biodiversity
The Benefits....
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