UAV and High Frequency adio
Unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) have been in use for some 30 years and used for a variety of purposes. Most commonly, these aircraft are used for military or scientific reconnaissance missions, where data is gathered to improve the ability of professionals to perform their duties. There are, however, a variety of challenges that must be met when these aircraft are in use. One of these is the way in which communication and navigation occurs in order to ensure that no accidents or crashes occur. Because there is no visibility at the site of the aircraft's operation, the radio and video signals that are relayed to and from it must be of the highest quality and accuracy. These accuracy requirements present significant challenges for unmanned aerial vehicles, including available radio frequencies and the accuracy and compression of visual data.

Unmanned aircrafts can be referred to as either unmanned…...

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References

Austin, R. (2010). Unmanned Aircraft Systems. John Wiley and Sons. Retrieved from: http://dl.tarahan-co.org/book/Ar/Aircraft/Unmmand%20Aircraft%20System%20By%20Reg%20Austin.pdf

Chen, H.C., Kung, H.T., Vlah, D., Hague, D., Muccio, M. And Poland, B. (2011). Collaborative Compressive Spectrum Sensing in a UAV Environment. Retrieved from:  http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~htk/publication/2011-milcom-chen-kung-vlah-hague-muccio-poland.pdf 

Clot, A.J. (n.d.) Communications Command and Control. Retrieved from: http://ftp.rta.nato.int/public//PubFulltext/RTO/EN/RTO-EN-009///EN-009-02B.pdf

Defense Industry Daily (2011). It's Better to Share: Breaking Down UAV GCS Barriers. Retrieved from:  http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/uav-ground-control-solutions-06175/

Ramifications of UAV TechnologyAbstractUAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), self-driving technology, and supply chain management are all technologies that have the potential to transform the way goods are moved and delivered. UAVs can be used for a variety of supply chain-related tasks, including delivery, inventory management, and monitoring. UAVs can deliver packages and goods quickly and efficiently, reducing the need for ground-based delivery vehicles and providing a faster and more convenient service for customers. They can also be used to survey and monitor inventory levels, reducing the risk of stockouts and overstocking.Combining UAVs and self-driving technology can result in a more efficient and cost-effective supply chain management system. For example, Self-driving trucks can transport goods over long distances while UAVs can be used to make last mile deliveries. Self-driving trucks can also be loaded and unloaded by UAVs, eliminating the need for human labor. However, it is important to note, as this…...

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References

Goh, G. D., Agarwala, S., Goh, G. L., Dikshit, V., Sing, S. L., & Yeong, W. Y. (2017). Additive manufacturing in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): Challenges and potential. Aerospace Science and Technology, 63, 140-151.

Kille, T., Bates, P. R., & Lee, S. Y. (Eds.). (2019). Unmanned aerial vehicles in civilian logistics and supply chain management. IGI global.

Škrinjar, J. P., Škorput, P., & Furdi?, M. (2018, June). Application of unmanned aerial vehicles in logistic processes. In International Conference “New Technologies, Development and Applications” (pp. 359-366). Springer, Cham.

To define the safety objectives of the UAV, it is essential to evaluate the current level of safety necessary for the human-piloted aircrafts. While manned pilot aircrafts consider the safety of the pilots and the people on board to be important, however, the safety of the UAV is considered relatively to the hazard that that it will cost to the community. Thus, the intervention of human related aviation safety is still critical to enhance overall safety of the UAV. Although, the UAV accidents may lead to the zero loss of pilot's life, nevertheless, the financial investments that the governments or private organizations provide for the development of the UAV is huge, and the implementation of maximum safety to realize the objective of UAV is very essential. The human related aviation safety is still essential.
The thesis investigates selected human factors affecting safe operation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. The thesis…...

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References

Dixon, S. & Wickens, C.D.(2003). Imperfect Automation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Control. Technical Report Aviation Human Factors Division Institute of Aviation University of Illinois.

Hou, M. Kobierski, R.D. & Brown.M. (2007). Intelligent Adaptive Interfaces for the Control of Multiple UAVs. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, 1( 3): 327-362

Johnson, C.W. & Shea, C. (2007). The Hidden Human Factors in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow.

Rutley, M. (2010). On Target - Human Factors UAV's. Royal Air Canadian Force. Canada.

This is significant, because it is showing how the best pilots will use the various tools on the aircraft to gain a greater understanding of the situation. (Drury, 2008)
Types of UAVs

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2010), discusses the different kinds of UAVs that the military has been using. The most notable include: the Pioneer, the Tactical UAV, Global Hawk, Predator and Dragon just to name a few. These different aircraft are significant, because they are highlighting some of the various kinds of surveillance purposes that this used for. ("Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," 2010)

As a result, the information from this source is helpful, because it identifies some of the different kinds of aircraft that are being used. When you put these elements together, they are highlighting how this could contribute to pilot error by: illustrating how they may not have the experience in conducting various kinds of surveillance missions. ("Unmanned Aerial Vehicles," 2010)

ecoming…...

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Bibliography

How to Become an Army UAV Pilot. (2011). E How. Retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/how_5810859_become-army-uav-pilot.html

Security Industry. (2011). UPI. Retrieved from:  http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2011/02/24/Air-Force-cadets-get-UAV-pilot-training/UPI-14321298550588/ 

UAV Pilots Stay Clean. (2009). Dark Government. Retrieved from: http://www.darkgovernment.com/news/uav-pilots-stay-clean-and-disconnected/

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. (2010). FAS. Retrieved from:  http://www.fas.org/irp/program/collect/uav.htm

The survey will not take much of your time. It will take approximately 5-10 minutes to complete.
The objective of this study is to determine human factors affecting the safe operation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) at the United States Air Force. The study is a part of research project for a Master's degree program in aviation/aerospace management. The phrase "heavy" aircraft refers to cargo, transport, or refueling aircraft. Aviation incident refers to an incident in which either the military or the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) conducts a safety investigation.

Following is a list of possible attributes of UAV pilots. The scale is rated from 1 to 5; "1" being "not very important" and "5" being "very important."

Please Tick an appropriate answer from 1 to 6.

For a UAV pilot to demonstrate effective aviation safety, he or she should be a:

1. Graduate from Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT)

2. To be under…...

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References

Barribeau, P. Butler, B. Corney, J. et al. (2005). Survey Research. Writing@CSU. Colorado State University Department of English. Retrieved [26 August 2011] from  http://writing.colostate.edu/guides/research/survey/ .

Trochim, W & Donnelly, J.P. (2007). The Research Methods Knowledge Base, (3RD Edition). Atomic Dog Publishing.USA.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Survey of Perceived Characteristics of UAV Pilots

However, this article makes a counter argument against such a use. Instead, it argues that the greatest benefit of unmanned aerial vehicles will come from developing ones not fast and flashy, but instead slow and steady. Instead of remote missions from the United States, according to the article, the operations should be capable of loitering over the same spot for months. In this sense, the unmanned aerial vehicle will act as a low-orbit satellite, or surveillance drone capable of capturing important security information without endangering lives.

"UAVs next step to stem terrorism." USA Today. December, 2003.

This article examines the non-military uses of unmanned aerial vehicles. Its main focus is on the value that unmanned aerial vehicles have for protecting the United States homeland. According to the Deputy Homeland Security Secretary, it is believed that unmanned aerial vehicles will be a primary aid to the department's ongoing efforts to provide port and…...

Table 5: Summary of the Findings of Survey Question 1, 2 and 3

Survey

Survey Questions

Mean

Standard Deviation

% of Important

% Not important

% Not Sure

1

Graduate from Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT

2.914

1.40101

34.29%

45.71%

20

2

Pilot should be Under 40 years old

2.057

1.1099

34.28%

66.72

0

3

Having Minimum of 100 Flying Hours

3.2

1.549

40%

34.29

25.71

Total

Mean %

36.19

48.91

Mean Difference

12.72

Fig 5: Bar Chart Comparing esponses of Survey 1, 2 and 3

Based on the findings in the Fig 5, it is revealed that the second survey, which indicates that a Pilot should be under 40 years to demonstrate the effective aviation safety, supports the first null hypothesis and rejects the first alternative hypothesis. From the bar graph in Fig 5, 66.72% of the respondents agree that to be fewer than 40 is not important to demonstrate the effective aviation safety, and 34.28% of the respondents agree that it is important to be under 40 years to demonstrate the effective aviation safety. From the descriptive in the Table 19, the respondents of the…...

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References

Alexander, P.J. (2007). The impact of computer technology in the clinical setting: a nursing perspective. [Thesis _PhD/Research).

Correa, M.A. Camargo, J.B. Gimenes, R.A.V. et al. (2007). Integrating UAV Into Control Airl Space Using Cooperative Multiagent Negotiation, Journal of the Brazilian air Transportation Research Safety.3(1): 24-36.

Dixon, S. & Wickens.C.D. (2003). Imperfect Automation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Control. Technical Report. Aviation Human Factors Division Institute of Aviation.

Hou, M. Kobierski, R.D. & Brown, M.(2007). Intelligent Adaptive Interfaces for the Control of Multiple UAVs. Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making.1(3): 327 -- 362.

1. Influence of Air Force New Equipment Development on Operation 2. Introduction
Having been incepted in 1947, the United States Air Force (USAF) is effectively the country’s youngest military formation. It is important to note, from the onset, that USAF came to be as a consequence of the need to ensure that the U.S. has a decisive advantage as far as the character of warfare is concerned. This is more so the case in reference to long-range bombing. The USAF has, since then, continued to be seen as the force of the future. It therefore follows that the relevance of modernizing USAF and equipping it with new tools of engagement cannot be overstated as far as the further enhancement of its operational capabilities is concerned.
3. Discussion
3.1. The Relevance of USAF from an Operational Perspective
In basic terms, USAF has immense maneuver advantages as a result of its vertical perch. This is an advantage…...

Unmanned Aircraft Systems and Deconfliction The global aviation community has experienced significant advancements in the recent past. Following these developments, Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have attained a critical mass in this community. Consequently, UAS operations have becomes a critical component and part of today’s global aviation community. According to Fern et al. (2011), UAS is increasingly used in combat zones, which has, in turn, generated mounting pressure and demands on airspace operations. As UAS become more common, their civil and military applications are faced with the need for decreasing levels of human involvement and supervision. This implies that there is an increased need for autonomy of UAS operations. In this regard, deconfliction has emerged as a suitable strategy for promoting the autonomy of UAS. This paper provides an overview of UAS and deconfliction in relation to the growing need for autonomy of UAS operations in civil and military applications.
Overview of UAS
UAS…...

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References

Castillo-Effen, M. & Visnevski, N.A. (2009, March). Analysis of Autonomous Deconfliction in Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Testing and Evaluation. IEEE Aerospace Conference. DOI: 10.1109/AERO.2009.4839599

Congressional Research Service. (2016, June). Unmanned Aircraft Systems Overview – Outlook for the Domestic Drone Industry. Congressional Digest, 95(6), 2-32.

Fern, L., Flaherty, S.R., Shively, R.J. & Turpin, T.S. (2011). Airspace Deconfliction for UAS Operations. 16th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 451-456. Retrieved from  

Gambold, K.A. (2011, November). Unmanned Aircraft System Access to National Airspace. Retrieved December 7, 2020, from  https://www.airpilots.org/file/917/uas-access-to-national-airspace-paper.pdf 

Press. (2019, November 5). Altitude Angel Launches the Second Phase of it’s ‘Game Changing’ Conflict Resolution Service – Tactical Deconfliction. Retrieved December 7, 2020, from  https://www.suasnews.com/2019/11/altitude-angel-launches-the-second-phase-of-its-game-changing-conflict-resolution-service-tactical-deconfliction/ 

Rios, J. (2018, July 31). Strategic Deconfliction: System Requirements. Retrieved from National Aeronautical and Space Administration website:  https://utm.arc.nasa.gov/docs/2018-UTM-Strategic-Deconfliction-Final-Report.pdf 

UK Civil Aviation Authority. (2019, December). A Unified Approach to the Introduction of UAS Traffic Management. Retrieved December 7, 2020, from  https://publicapps.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP1868UTMInnovationHub.pdf 

Unmanned Airspace. (2020, September 15). NASA Releases Report on Strategic Deconfliction Following Flight Tests at UAS Test Sites. UAS Traffic Management News. Retrieved December 7, 2020, from  https://www.unmannedairspace.info/latest-news-and-information/nasa-releases-report-on-strategic-deconfliction-following-flight-tests-at-uas-test-sites/https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1077&context=isap_2011 

By the early thirties the autogiro had a relatively stable control system that used the rotating blades for control of vertical flight at very low speeds

. By the end of the decade, World War II was under way and the United States Military released a request for bids from aircraft manufacturers to design and build a helicopter. Contracts were given to Sikorsky Aircraft in Bridgeport and Platt-LePage in the Philadelphia, and from this the American helicopters were developed.

. American Helicopters

There are four general helicopter designs which have been developed and produced in the United States: the most common being the tail rotor design, more popularly known as the single rotor design, which has one main rotor and a small tail rotor. Other rotor designs produced in America include the tandem rotor design, the syncropter design and the coaxial design

. The single main rotor and a small anti-torque rotor dominate modern…...

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Voracek, D.; Reaves, M.C.; Horta L.G.; Potter, S. (2002).Ground and Flight Test Structural

Excitation Using Piezoelectric Actuators. NASA Flight Research Center.

Banke, S. (2009). Future Helicopters Get SMART. Retrieved from  http://www.nasa.gov/topics/aeronautics/features/smart_rotor.html .

In both instances however, significant evidence can be obtained by those who are alert and attentive. Those who are bored often neglect to notice evidence or occurrences that may be of extreme importance to the overall objective. As such, the individual's boredom could cost both the tax payer and the sponsoring nation extensive amounts of money (Gal-or, 1990).
Finally, mechanical and production errors can affect unmanned aircraft operators. Human errors often occur in the production of mechanical vehicles. This is particularly true if the product is relatively new in comparison to other products within the market. Human errors occurring in the production of UASs can have adverse consequences for the operator. For one, as indicated by extensive research in the field, drones are highly susceptive to adverse weather conditions. These weather conditions, which include snow, Shail, winds, and rain, ultimately effect the manner in which humans can operate UASs. As…...

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References:

1. Azoulai, Yuval (October 24, 2011). "Unmanned combat vehicles shaping future warfare." Globes.

2. Levinson, Charles (January 13, 2010). "Israeli Robots Remake Battlefield." The Wall Street Journal. p. A10. Retrieved April 21, 2013.

3. Gal-or, Benjamin (1990). Vectored Propulsion, Supermaneuverability & Robot Aircraft. Springer Verlag. ISBN 3-540-97161-0.

4. Horgen, John (March 2013) Unmanned Flight National Geographic, Retrieved 21 April 2013

quadrotors were used to survey the countryside without the added hassle of requiring human intervention. Now however, there are a number of important and valuable projects in which quadrotors can determine either success or failure. As one recent study determined "in the last few years, small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been developed for large-scale territorial monitoring" (Capello, Scola, Guglieri, Quagliotti, 2012, p. 559) and many thought that the quadrotor would be relegated to those duties, and those duties only. However, with the advent of advanced quadrotor technology, the world has opened up to more than just surveillance, especially with the added advantage of internet and computer technology that is now powerful enough and small enough to make quadrotor technology indispensable. The findings of the Capello et al. study shows that "a quadrotor is under development for territorial-monitoring applications and as a flying test bed for different feedback control…...

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Works Cited

Bouktir, Y. & Chettibi, T.; (2008) Minimum time trajectory planning for a micro quadrotor aerial robot, AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1019, Issue 1, pp. 353 -- 360

Capello, E.; Scola, A.; Guglieri, G.; Quagliotti, F.; (2012) Mini quadrotor UAV: Design and experiment, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol. 25, Issue 4, pp. 559 -- 573

Mokhtari, A.; MSirdi, N.K.; Meghrichi, K.; Belaidi, A.; (2006) Feedback linearization and linear observer for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle, Advanced Robotics, Vol. 20, Issue 1, pp. 71-91

Egozi (2012) points out that Israeli ground crew systems in ATC and related to UAS operations are working together to create mutually beneficial solutions. Therefore, the FAA needs to take the cue from emerging technology sectors that can help guide the way to regulations related to integrating both hardware and software systems on the ground for both unmanned and manned vehicles. As the Joint Planning and Development Office (2011) points out, there has yet to emerge a standard interface design for use in any category or type of vehicle, let alone between ATC and UAS operators and pilots. This must change if UAS are to become not just more prolific but also safer and more integrated into mixed-use aircraft facilities. The Joint Planning and Development Office (2011) also suggests that there may be, especially in larger airports, a separate ground control and ATC area for unmanned aircraft. However, it…...

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References

Davis, K. (n.d.). Unmanned Aircraft Operations in the National Airspace System. Retrieved online:  http://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/uas/reg/media/frnotice_uas.pdf 

Egozi, a. (2012). A small step for UAVs, a giant step for ATC. Flight Global. Retrieved online:  http://www.flightglobal.com/blogs/ariel-view/2012/11/small-step-for-uavs-a-giant-step-for-air-traffic-control.html 

Joint Planning and Development Office (2011). Operating unmanned aircraft systems in 2018 and beyond: NextGen Challenges and Opportunities. Retrieved online: http://www.jpdo.gov/newsarticle.asp?id=146

NextGen (2013). NextGen for Airports. Retrieved online:  http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/qanda/airports/

U.S. Approach to Terrorism
U.S Approach to Terrorism Post 2001

The incidence of September 11, 2001 led to an anti-terrorism campaign by the government of U.S. And was called the war or terror. Since 2001, U.S. government has taken several steps to maintain security and counter terrorism by implementing certain strategies at national and international level. These approaches and steps, whether useful or not have been discussed in this paper.

President Bush's Justifications For Invading Iraq Post 9/11

After the September 11, attack in 2001, the Bush government declared "war on terror" which was intended to counter terrorism. Bush also declared in his address on 20th September 2001 that, the "war on terror" will begin from dealing with al Qaeda but it will stop only when terrorism is dealt with properly. According to Bush doctrine, whichever country contained weapon of mass destruction (MD) is a threat for U.S. And therefore in order to counter…...

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Works Cited

Chandler, David War without End(s): Grounding the Discourse of 'Global War', 40 Security Dialogue, (2009): 243-244.

Hixson, W.L. The War in Iraq and American Freedom. Arab World Geographer 2003. 6 (1): 27-29.

Huntington, S.P. Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity. New York: Simon & Schuster. (2004): 121-129.

Hastings, Michael. The Drone Wars. Rolling Stone, 0035791X, Issue 1155, (2012): 113-118.

Job Advertisement for a Security Manager
Cincom Systems is a leading provider of Enterprise esource Planning (EP), Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Enterprise Quality Management and Compliance (ECQM) systems and platforms for aerospace and defense manufacturers globally. The continued investment in advanced surveillance technologies by the U.S. And foreign governments has led to continued rapid growth for Cincom, as more aerospace and defense manufacturers rely on their software than any other software provider globally. More Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)s are manufactured using Cincom's software than any other enterprise software company serving the aerospace and defense industry today.

Cincom's profitable growth is leading to expansion of manufacturing facilities globally and the need for an Enterprise Security Manager to ensure secure, safe operation of its development center in San Diego, California. A DOD-complaint facility, the San Diego esearch and Development Center is world-known for its advanced research into manufacturing systems…...

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References

Atkinson, W. 2005, "Integrating Risk Management & Security," Risk Management, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 32-34, 36-37.

Baxter, H.C. 2012, "Don't Be Left Behind: Improving Knowledge Transfer," Public Manager, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 39-43.

Booker, R. 2006, "Re-engineering enterprise security," Computers & Security, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 13-17.

Fay, J. 2005, Security's Role in Enterprise Risk Management, Cygnus Business Media, Inc., Park Ridge.

Technological Advancements and their Impact on Espionage

In the realm of espionage, technological advancements have revolutionized intelligence gathering and counterintelligence operations, making it both more sophisticated and more challenging to detect. The following are some key technological developments that have transformed the espionage landscape:

1. Cyber-espionage:

The rise of the internet and digital communications has created a vast new domain for espionage. Cyber-attacks, hacking, and malware allow intelligence agencies to remotely infiltrate target systems, access sensitive information, and disrupt operations.

2. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs):

UAVs, commonly known as drones, provide a covert means of surveillance and reconnaissance. Their ability to fly autonomously at high....

The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has had a significant impact on the future of aviation in a number of ways:

1. Increased efficiency: UAVs have the potential to be more efficient than manned aircraft, as they do not require on-board crew members and can be smaller and lighter than traditional aircraft.

2. Lower costs: Because UAVs do not require human pilots, they can be operated at a lower cost than traditional aircraft. This can make certain tasks, such as surveillance or reconnaissance, more affordable and accessible.

3. Improved safety: UAVs can be used in situations where it may be unsafe or....

The Impact of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on the Future of Aviation

The advent of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has revolutionized the aviation landscape, ushering in new possibilities and transforming various industries. These autonomous???, commonly known as drones, have opened up a vast array of applications, from military reconnaissance and surveillance to commercial package delivery and aerial photography.

Military Applications:

UAVs have become indispensable tools in modern warfare. Their unparalleled agility, stealth, and extended endurance allow them to perform dangerous missions that would be too risky for manned aircraft. From airstrikes to intelligence gathering, UAVs have played a crucial role in conflicts around....

1. Advancements in airplane technology have revolutionized the aviation industry, enabling faster, more efficient, and safer air travel, leading to a significant expansion of the aviation network and global connectivity.

2. The development of jet engines and advanced aerodynamics has drastically reduced flight times, allowing for long-haul flights and opening up distant destinations to air travel, transforming global tourism and business.

3. Technological advancements in navigation and communication systems have enhanced the precision and reliability of air travel, improving safety and reducing the risk of accidents, bolstering public confidence in air transportation.

4. The introduction of composite materials and lightweight....