It included four major points: 1. The Rurh was to be evacuated by Allied troops; 2. Reparation payments would begin at $1 billion marks the first year, increasing to $2.5 billion annually after five years; 3. The Reichsbank would be reorganized under Allied supervision; and 4. The sources for the reparation money would include transportation, customs and excise taxes. Futher, the Dawes Plan did rely on foreign aid from the United States. The plan was accepted by all by September 1924. However, despite short-term benefits to the German economy, it also made Germany dependent on foreign markets and economies. Dawes was the recipient of the 1925 Novel Peace Prize, but by 1929 the plan was in shambles and had to once again be reorganized.
Romanticism - What was it that the Romantic poets, authors and composers tried to bring to the world? The Romantic Movement, coming to its height as…...

Although there is still some controversy among historians whether the Treaty of Versailles was too harsh or too conciliatory, it seems obvious now, with benefit of hindsight, that with a little bit of improvement the Treaty could have worked. If the victors of the War had shown greater magnanimity in victory and refrained from driving the Germans into a corner it could even have ensured peace in Europe after World War and avoided the ensuing devastation in World War II. This, of course, is easier said than done since the public opinion at the time in countries such as France and ritain was in no mood to forgive Germany and was calling for unadulterated revenge.

ibliography

Steiner, Z. (2001). 2 the Treaty of Versailles Revisited. In the Paris Peace Conference, 1919: Peace without Victory? (pp. 13-33). New York: Palgrave.

Primarily France, ritain, and the United States, as well as Italy and Japan; Russia…...

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Bibliography

Steiner, Z. (2001). 2 the Treaty of Versailles Revisited. In the Paris Peace Conference, 1919: Peace without Victory? (pp. 13-33). New York: Palgrave.

Primarily France, Britain, and the United States, as well as Italy and Japan; Russia signed a separate treaty; the U.S., although involved in the original negotiations also did not sign the Treaty as it was not ratified by its Congress

The myth that Germany was not really defeated in the battlefield but its military was betrayed by its leaders

By not imposing harsh reparations and excluding the "guilt" clause from the Treaty.

The treaty formally placed the responsibility for the war on Germany and its allies and imposed on Germany the burden of the reparations payments. The chief territorial clauses were those restoring Alsace and Lorraine to France; placing the former German colonies under League of Nations mandates; awarding most of West Prussia, including Poznan and the Polish Corridor, to Poland; establishing anzig (see Gda-sk) as a free city; and providing for plebiscites, which resulted in the transfer of Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium, of N. Schleswig to enmark, and of parts of Upper Silesia to Poland. The Saar Territory (see Saarland) was placed under French administration for 15 years; the Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allies for an equal period; and the right bank of the Rhine was to be permanently demilitarized. The German army was reduced to a maximum of 100,000 soldiers, the German navy was similarly reduced,…...

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D.1. The Treaty of Versailles Retrieved February 29, 2008, at  http://www.colby.edu/personal/r/rmscheck/GermanyD1.html 

In World War I. Retrieved February 29, 2008, at  http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0861782.html 

Treaty of Versailles

" Indeed, Hitler's is speech on September 19, 1939, at Danzig, Germany - eighteen days after German tanks had attacked inside Poland, basically starting II - was emotionally-charged rhetoric based on the Treaty and also on Hitler's hatred of Jews.
The world...sheds tears when Germany expels a Polish Jew who only a few decades ago came to Germany," Hitler shouted. But the world "...remained dumb and deaf toward the misery of those who, numbering not thousands but millions, were forced to leave their home country on account of Versailles." The Germany of 1918 was "kept by England," Hitler went on, and now England confuses the "present German nation" with the "misled and blinded nation" of 1918, due of course to the Treaty of Versailles.

The Nazi dictator ended his speech with a series of threats against England. He assured his audience there would be no "second Versailles." The first Treaty of Versailles,…...

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Works Cited

ABC-CLIO. "World History: Modern: The Rise of Fascism in Europe."

Cort, Jim. "The Rise of Adolph Hitler and National Socialism." Learning Through History.

Hitler, Adolph. "Danzig - Speech of September 19, 1939." Essential Speeches. (2003).

Retrieved April 20, 2008, from Academic Search Premier (an #8859957).

Treaty of Versailles
Some commentators have stated the Versailles Treaty set the stage for World War II. Briefly detail the key points of the Versailles Treaty. Comment if they were a major factor in the outbreak of WWII within twenty years. Use examples to support your opinion.

Several distinctive factors about the Treaty of Versailles support the contention that the Treaty contributed to the rise of the Nazi party in Germany and the outbreak of the Second World War. First and foremost, Germany was forced to admit total responsibility for the First World War, despite the fact that ethnic rivalries, secret treaties, and wrangling for power was characteristic of almost all of the major powers involved in World War I. Secondly, Germany was forced to pay crushing war debt that nearly bankrupted the country.

Germany's territory was greatly reduced. The Alsace-Lorraine was given to France and "Germany had to return to ussia land…...

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References

Treaty of Versailles. (2011). History Learning Site. Retrieved:

 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/treaty_of_versailles.htm

Treaty of Versailles: Instability in Post-orld ar I Europe
The Treaty of Versailles, 1919

How did the terms of the Treaty of Versailles with Germany in 1919 help to set the stage for instability in post-orld ar I Europe?

The terms of the Treaty of Versailles were dictated on the basis of a diplomatic concept of a balance of power, in which the strength of one power was measured against its alliance with other powers (xxx, 960). Due to these power struggles, it would be impossible to maintain peace because every party wanted to act in their best interests based on the effects the Great ar had had on their countries. This, together with all the reparations Germany had to pay its allies, brought about conflicts particularly because the country's economy was in bad shape.

hat were the aims of the victors, Britain, France, and the United States, in this treaty?

The victors went to…...

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Works cited

XXX- Book sent as resource

World War I, the diplomats attending the Paris Peace Conference met in Versailles to draft a peace treaty that would both end the state of war and redraw the map of Europe. They created the Treaty of Versailles, a document that has been placed under extreme scrutiny and analysis in the decades since its conception. Though it is debatable if the treaty can be blamed for the emergence of Nazi Germany and the outbreak of World War II, there is no question that many Germans were angered by the treaty and found its conditions to be unacceptable. As a result, there was extreme unrest in Germany after the war; leading to revolutions, a string of assassinations, and the inception of a number of radical political parties. The newly created government was incapable of handling the demands the treaty had placed on it, as well as the growing resentment and…...

Rise of Hitler
The Treaty of Versailles as a Pretext to the Rise of Hitler

orld ar I was officially ended by the Treaty of Versailles after the Allies (led by Britain, France and the U.S.) defeated the Central Powers (led by Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire). The purpose of the Treaty was to decide the fate and future of Germany and the Central Powers and to construct a Europe that was able to move forward in pursuit of collective harmony, friendship and equality[footnoteRef:1]. [1: Catherine, Lu, "Justice and moral regeneration, the international studies review "(Vol 4, No.3 (Autumn, 2002)),pp.4 . Published by Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the international studies association, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3186461"That is not only a just settlement of the great war, but it provides the basic upon which the peoples of Europe can live together in friendship and equality." ]

The treaty, however, failed to accomplish its initial ideas and did…...

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Works Cited

Catherine, Lu, "Justice and moral regeneration, the international studies review "(Vol 4,

No.3 (Autumn, 2002)),pp.4 . Published by Blackwell Publishing on behalf of the international studies association, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3186461

American society of international law, " Treaty of peace with Germany" (Vol 13, No.3,

Official documents (July., 1919)), pp. 152. Published by American society of international law http://www.jstor.org/stable/2213120

Movement
All good things must come to an end, and at no time is this fact truer than in China in 1911, when the Xinhai Revolution resulted in the fall of the Qing Dynasty. This led to a period of unrest, as the world's powers engaged in orld ar I. Even though China had participated in the war on the side of the Allies, China was betrayed during the negotiations at the Treaty of Versailles. Instead of being given autonomy over a controlled sphere of interest in the Shandong district of China, the Treaty of Versailles instead gave this territory over to Japan. China's May 4th Movement ended up being an anti-est, anti-imperialist cultural shift that grew out of student demonstrations in 1919.

The weak response of the Chinese government to reclaim the Shandong province for itself in self-defense led to accusations of corruption. hether or not the government was corrupt…...

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Works Cited

Chen, Duxiu, "Our Final Awakening." (Essay, 1916). Retrieved from,  http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/china/chen_duxiu_final_awakening.pdf .

Chiang, Kai-shek, "Essentials of the New Life Movement." (Speech, 1934). Retrieved from,  http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/ps/cup/chiang_kaishek_new_life.pdf .

Mao, Zedong, "Reform our Study." (Speech, 1941). Selected Works of Mao, Beijing Foreign Languages Press, 1971.

However, in the end, they were unable to stop the war despite their best efforts. The war happened anyway, in spite of the best intentions and actions to prevent it. T he actions of the various governments were reactions to events that they had tried their best to prevent. They did not make a full-blown effort to convince their people of the need for war, until the war had already begun. Had the war been intentional on the part of Germany or any other entity, there would have been plans in place to gain the support of the people long before August 1, 1914.
Only Germany had such a plan in place. However, this does not mean that they started the war intentionally. It might mean that they saw it coming and wanted to be prepared. In the end, only the players know what their motives were on any particular…...

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Works Cited

Primary Sources

The Treaty of Versailles (1919), esp. Article 231,  http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/versailles.html 

Memorandum of Prince Karl Max Lichnowsky (1914)

Secondary Sources

In his study of the camp doctors, he noted,
The willingness to blame Jews for Germany's troubles, making them "arch enemies of Germany." The nation was itself reduced to an abstract essence, threatened by its enemies and in need of sacred renewal and purification, through blood sacrifice if necessary. One's identity as a German, as the Nazis defined it, crowded out other possible roles. As the embodiment of this "holy, divine Reich," the Fuhrer, and not the doctors, was responsible for all that happened in the camps. Yet "even the Fuhrer could be painted as 'helpless': because the Jew's evil forced the Fuhrer to act or make war on him."

So nefarious was this hidden enemy - the Jew - that he or she was quickly seen to be responsible for every conceivable social ill, real or imagined. "Jews -- or the concept of 'the Jew' -- were equated with every…...

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Bibliography

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65194469 

Bailer-galanda, Brigitte. "8." In Antisemitism and Xenophobia in Germany after Unification, edited by Kurthen, Hermann, Werner Bergmann, and Rainer Erb, 174-188. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103409458 

Bosworth, R.J.B. Explaining Auschwitz and Hiroshima: History Writing and the Second World War 1945-1990. New York: Routledge, 1994.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103664388 

Crew, David F. Nazism and German Society, 1933-1945. London: Routledge, 1994.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=33602574

World War I
Causes and Consequences of World War I

World War 1

(Causes, America's Contribution to the War, ole of President Woodrow Wilson, Treaty of Versailles Failure)

The First World War (1914-1918) or the Great War was fought between the Allies and the Central Powers. The Allies included 27 countries of which ussia, the United States of America, France, Japan and Britain are the most prominent. The Central Powers consisted of Turkey, Germany, Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary as the chief combatants. It is the greatest and most atrocious war brawled till date.

Causes

There were a number of causes that initiated the brutality of World War I Major causes include imperialism, nationalism, materialism and alliance systems. However, the immediate cause of the beginning of the War was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the oyal Prince of Hungary and Bohemia. As he was killed by a Serbian nationalist in June 1914, war was declared on Serbia…...

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References

America in the Great War. (2000). Retrieved from  http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/snpwwi1.htm 

Wilson, Woodrow. (2009). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Retrieved April 15, 2011, from  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=117053275 

World war one - causes. (2011, 01, 02). Retrieved from http://www.historyonthenet.com/WW1/causes.htm

World War I. (2009). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Retrieved April 15, 2011, from  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=117053630

All European nations suffered devastating postwar economic consequences, which further increased the reluctance to use military force to subdue Hitler. The United States enjoyed a postwar boom, given that none of the battles had been waged upon its own territories. But the Republican-dominated Senate refused to allow the U.S. To become a member of the League of Nations, and the absence of strong American leadership made the League ineffective as a peacekeeping force. Germany was also stripped of all of its colonies: the fact that many new nations were created in the redrawing of the map of Europe meant that many of the recently evolved national identities and infrastructures of new countries were quite fragile.
Although they were 'older' nations, Germany and Russia were particularly politically unstable, as a result of the conditions spawned by orld ar I. Despite its early exit from the ar, Russia's economy was undergoing an…...

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Works Cited

"German Revolution." Spartacus Schoolnet. April 14, 2010.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERrevolution.htm

"Wars and Battles, World War I." U.S. History. April 14, 2010.

 http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1334.html

With localized colonial governments, world leaders demonstrated that empires could be founded on mastery of regional trade routes. At the beginning of the 20th century nations like Japan were at the forefront of the new model of imperialism.
Q3.Explain WWI? World War 1.

World War One was a natural outcome of the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the subsequent imbalance of power those downfalls entailed. Moreover, the First World War was a direct consequence of the ages of imperialism, colonialism, and industrialization. The war paved the way for emerging states to create a free market economy based on capitalism or on the other hand, a closed-market system based on state-controlled resources.

Q4.The Paris Exhibition had two famous sculptures: one of Paris in an evening gown and the other of Rodin's the Thinker. Elaborate upon the meaning of both and its lesson for us in the 21st century.

The…...

This became a reality with the killing of the tsar in 1918. The death of the tsar was the visible reaction to a series of underlining causes that would eventually encourage the raise to power of a political ideology that addressed these issues and offered political and propagandistic solutions.
The social situation of the populations was rather grim during the tsar's regime. ussia had been engaged in the First World War effort and the condition of the soldiers was disastrous. Similarly, the peasants often were subjected to oppressive taxes in order for the regime to be able to financially support the war effort.

Aside from the social causes of the revolution, there were also political aspects that determined the fall of the tsar and the subsequent establishment of the communist regime. Thus, the authoritarian imperial rule opposed the visions of politicians such as the Bolshevik leader Trotsky. He was seen as…...

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References

Carroll, J., and George Herring. (1986) Modern American Diplomacy. Scholarly Resources Inc. Wilmington, Delaware.

Fairbank, J.K. (1986). The great Chinese Revolution: 1800- 1985. London: Pan Books.

Jenkins, P. (1997). A history of the United States. New York: Palgrave.

Rauch, Basil. (1963). The history of the New Deal. New York: Capricorn Books.

I. Introduction
A. Brief background information on World War 1 and World War 2
B. Thesis statement comparing and contrasting the two wars

II. Causes of World War 1
A. Imperialism
B. Nationalism
C. Militarism
D. Alliances

III. Causes of World War 2
A. Treaty of Versailles
B. Rise of Fascism
C. Appeasement
D. Economic Depression

IV. Major Players in World War 1
A. Allied Powers
B. Central Powers

V. Major Players in World War 2
A. Allied Powers
B. Axis Powers

VI. Military Strategies in World War 1
A. Trench Warfare
B. Use of tanks and airplanes

VII. Military Strategies in World War 2
A.....

1. The Holocaust, one of the darkest chapters in human history, was not an event that occurred in isolation but was the culmination of a series of systematic failures and societal shifts that facilitated the genocide of six million Jews and millions of others deemed undesirable by the Nazi regime. Understanding the causes of the Holocaust requires a deep dive into the political, social, economic, and ideological conditions of Germany and Europe in the early to mid-20th century. This essay will explore the multifaceted reasons behind this tragedy, examining how a combination of historical grievances, political opportunism, and the exploitation....