Treatment vs. Punishment
Treatment Concept

Juvenile crime is often serious because of the ability to represent a significant proportion in relation to the total criminal activity within the community. The normal assumption indicates that adolescents deserve and require special handling during the formative period. Criminal behavior during this stage of life might not continue into adulthood thus the need for integration of special handling by the relevant justice systems within the case of the United States. Theoretically, treatment concepts focus on the correction programs for the juveniles or minor criminals. This relates to the ability of the state and federal governments in enhancing the development of the minors or juveniles in order to reduce the criminal activities within the society. Treatment has high probability to be recidivate in accordance with various research concepts in relation to the juvenile justice system in the case of the United States.

Punishment Concept

In addition to the treatment…...

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References

Kaba, Mariame (2013) Arresting Justice (Second Edition): Juvenile Arrests in Chicago, 2011

and 2012.

Cook, Czykieta, Mack, Skrable & Kaba (2013) Trends in Chicago Juvenile Arrests, 2009-

2012.

Treatment Non-Adherence
When a patient is given a regimen by a doctor, or otherwise is advised as to how to get healthy with certain specific steps to take (including medications), but does not heed the advice of the physician, that is a clear-cut case of non-adherence. Another word used by Dutton is "compliance," and clearly there are problems for a patient that does not comply with what his or her physician has prescribed. This paper delves into the issue of non-adherence, what factors cause a patient to decide not to adhere to a prescribe course of action, the implications of that kind of resistance, and strategies to improve treatment adherence.

Understanding lay perceptions of treatment non-adherence

Adherence to instructions includes doing what is prescribed for your own good. In the case of medicine, if an individual is given a prescription by a physician -- based on the need to remedy an illness or…...

21-32; Lyster et al., 1999, pg. 457-467). Chaudron (1986, pg. 64-84) explained that the error correction exercise might not have statistical backup on its constrictive impact but nonetheless has proven to have a beneficial impact on the overall communicational skills of the students. Many researchers (Birdsong, 1989 as cited in Wen, 1999, pg. 1-22) agree that the benefits for adult ESL students are extensive as they learn the practical use of both the standards of English grammar and the vocabulary. Hammerly however feels that the L2 students should not be taught ESL in a strict and rigid environment and not have all their mistakes corrected so that they can teach themselves the standards of English and is mostly the case with the first language of the students (Hammerly, 1991, pg. 120-208). This way their approach towards English would not only be taught but self-guided too.
Categories of Learner Errors

Like every…...

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References

Allwright, R.L. (1975). Problems in the study of the language teachers' treatment of learner error. In M.K. Burt & H. Dulay (Eds.), New directions in second language learning, teaching and bilingual education: 9th TESOL convention (pp. 96-106). Washington, DC: TESOL.

Ayoun, D. (2001). The role of negative and positive feedback in the second language acquisition of the passe compose and imparfait. The Modern Language Journal, 85(2), 226-243.

Bartram, M., & Walton, R. (1991). Correction. Hove, England: Language Teaching Publications. Pg. 87-91.

Bell, N. (1992). The role of spoken error correction in second language acquisition: Issues in corrective technique. ORTESOL Journal, 13, 21-32.

Treatment of Asperger Syndrome
Asperger syndrome is considered an autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive and restricted patterns of behaviors and interests, which manifest to a degree where the individuals with this disorder are still "high-functioning," and more able in the realms of various intelligences in comparison to those with autism (Toth & King, 2008). This disorder has been found to occur at a rate of 2.5 in every 10,000, while all autistic disorders occur at a rate of 60 in every 10,000 (Toth & King, 2008). There is a strong hereditary component to Asperger syndrome, as a study investigating family histories of one hundred males with Asperger syndrome determined that there was a history of autistic spectrum disorder in 50% of the sample, as well as pre-natal and peri-natal risk factors, including alcohol exposure, neonatal seizures, premature birth, and…...

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References

McAlonan, G.M., Daly, E., Kumari, V., Critchley, H.D., van Amelsvoort, T., Suckling, J., Simmons, A., Sigmundson, T., Greenwood, K., Russell, A., Schmitz, N., Happe, F., Howlin, P., Murphy, D.G.M. (2002). Brain anatomy and sensorimotor gating in Asperger's syndrome. Brain, 127, 1594-1606.

Schultz, R.T., Gauthier, I., Klin, A., Fulbright, R.K., Anderson, A.W., Volkmar, F., Skudlarski, P., Lacadie, C., Cohen, D.J., Gore, J.C. (In Press). Abnormal ventral temporal cortical activity among individuals with autism and Asperger syndrome during face discrimination. Archives of General Psychiatry.

Toth, K. & King, B.H. (2008). Asperger's syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(8), 958-63.

Conclusion

Despite the depressing figures embodied in the quote introducing this thesis, that: "The overall cure rate for AML…is between 40 and 45%" (Belson, Kingsley, and Holmes, para. 6), data/information related during the next chapter, the Literature Review, will contain a semblance of hope. Hope for the potential development of significant improvement of therapies for AML, the researcher projects, albeit, depends on continuing studies such as the three noted in/by this qualitative case study, along with this present one the researcher implements to explore those three.

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIE

"Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) goes by many names, including acute myelocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia"

(Detailed Guide: Leukemia).

The word "acute" in acute myeloid leukemia refers to the fact the leukemia may progress at a rapid rate, and if/when the disease is not treated, within a few months, it would likely prove to be fatal. AML begins to develop…...

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Works Cited

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (2008). Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. 4 Apr. 2009

.

Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment National Cancer Institute. (N.d.) 4 Apr. 2009

.

Clients attend multiple twelve-step meetings and participate in twelve-step work to gain freedom from alcohol and/or drug addiction. In addition, they participate in individual and group counseling in order to alleviate the depression and anxiety underlying the addiction ("Dual diagnosis...," 2006).
Happiness, in their opinion, is the cure for addictions. Giving and receiving love is the key to happiness. This concept is the main reason for Hope and Serenity's success in treating addiction by addressing the underlying cause of the problem. This simple word love that is as old as time itself, is so overused in today's society that it get's equated with sex, control, abuse, and so forth. Hope's dual diagnosis addiction treatment staff was hired first, for their ability to show love for others and secondly, for their qualifications as therapists (also extremely high). Love is the ability to understand and empathize with another human being and their…...

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Bibliography

Center for substance abuse treatment. (2007). Definitions and terms relating to co-occurring disorders. Retrieved March 05, 2009, from Substance abuse and mental health services administration: http://coce.samhsa.gov/cod_resources/PDF/OP1-DefinitionsandTerms-8-13-07.pdf

Co-occuring disorder - another name for dual diagnosis. (2008, February 26). Retrieved March 05, 2009, from addiction/search.com:  http://www.addictionsearch.com/treatment_articles/article/cooccurring-disorders-another-name-for-dual-diagnosis_57.html 

Co-occurring disorders. (n.d.). Retrieved March 05, 2009, from State of Virginia: http://www.dmhmrsas.virginia.gov/vasip/Vasip-WhatDisorders.htm

Cutter, D., Elam, S., Jaffe, J., & Segal, J. (2008, March). Dual diagnosis: Information and treatment for co-occurring disorders. Retrieved March 05, 2009, from helpguide.org:  http://www.helpguide.org/mental/dual_diagnosis.htm

At one point or another in our lives, we are all beginners. We begin college, a first job, a first love affair, and perhaps a first dissertation project. We bring a great deal to these new situations, including our temperament, previous education, and family situations. Yet, as adults, we also learn. In romantic relationships, couples report having to learn how to interact successfully with their partners. College students routinely report being better at reading, studying, paper writing, and test taking as seniors than as freshmen. They have learned how to be students while they were students. Now close to graduating, some view they have finally mastered the role.

Ideally, of course, we would have the necessary information in hand before we needed it. We would already know, without being told, what makes a loved one angry or frustrated. All students would be spared the frustration of working hard on a paper…...

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References

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Austrian, S.G. (2000). Mental disorders, medications and clinical social work. New York: Columbia University Press.

Beck Contributors: Aaron T. - author, Gary Emery - author, Ruth L. Greenberg - author. Anxiety Disorders and Phobias: A Cognitive Perspective. Publisher: Basic Books. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 1985

Becker, J. (1991). Psychosocial aspects of depression. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

(Stacey, 2003.
Indeed, her child's therapist explained the experience was "painful," in that the child was incapable of eye contact or close contact, and this experience was painful, rather than helpful. Holding therapy is not being used as much as it was in the past, and many experts believe it should be discontinued because of its controversy and seemingly negative effect on at least some autistic patients.

CANIOSACAL THEAPY

CranioSacral Therapy is a form of physical therapy that has many proponents, but for the most part is not supported by experts and researchers in autism therapies. Essentially, CranioSacral therapy is the gentle manipulation of spine and brain in an attempt to ease pain and ease some of the symptoms of autism (and other maladies, such as migraine headaches). The practitioners of this therapy and mostly massage therapists, chiropractors, and other alternative medicine practitioners, and most experts do not recommend the technique at…...

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References

About autism." (2005). Retrieved 16 Nov. 2007 from the Autism society of America Web site:  http://www.autism-society.org/site/PageServer?pagename=allaboutautism&JServSessionIdr004=pv4v7my6s1.app27a .

Autism - treatment, prognosis." (2007). Retrieved 16 Nov. 2007 from the Neurology channel Web site: http://www.neurologychannel.com/autism/treatment.shtml.

Buitelaar, J.K. (2003). Why have drug treatments been so disappointing?. In Autism: Neural basis and treatment possibilities, Bock, G. & Goode, J. (Eds.) (pp. 235-242). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

CranioSacral therapy." (2007). Retrieved 16 Nov. 2007 from the Association for science in autism Web site:  http://www.asatonline.org/resources/treatments/craniosacral.htm

Treatment of Conduct Disorder in CBT in Combination ith CBT and Fluoxetine
In the first paper, this author discussed therapeutic processes (cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy) which could be employed as the best practices when working with individual adolescent males between the ages of 14-16 who exhibit conduct disorder. Since the approach previously centered around individuals, it would seem to be prudent to explore what type of group treatment modes have been found to be effective (best practices, evidence-based) for treating this population. This will include family therapy and a group therapy modality such as social skills therapy before considering pharmacological solutions. ith regard to drugs, fluoxetine in combination with CBT holds great promise.

Literature Review

Obviously, in any treatment, a step-by-step progression needs to happen. e have already identified the advantages of CBT prior to pharmacotherapy. Frequently, in adolescent cases of conduct disorder, substance abuse issues are contributing factors. Logically, before…...

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Works Cited

Deas, D. (2008). Evidence-based treatments for alcohol use disorders in adolescents. Pediatrics,

121(S348), 5348-5354. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2243G.

Maag, J.W. (2006). Social skills training for students with emotional and behavioral disorders.

Behavioral Disorders, 32(1), 5-17.

However, in recent decades this problem has not only been addressed but ways have been researched so that this problem could be reduced in percentage and affect. The treatment has become more diverse and the environment provided for the treatments has been made safe and hospitable. The family of the depressed adolescent has been made more aware and has cooperated in controlling or overcoming this problem with time. The goal of trying to get the adolescent to understand and comprehend his self and his thoughts has been achieved regularly and with fruitful results.

What needs to be done now is that after the counseling period has ended, some kind of constant counsel meeting or medication should be adopted so that the adolescent does not slip back into depression after the short span of treatment. The parents and the families can get involved to make sure that everything works out accordingly and…...

Treatment of Domestic and Industrial Wastewater Using Algae Strains: Critical Analysis and eview
Wastewater comprises of liquid or water carried wastes coming from sanitary conveniences of residences, commercial or industrial buildings and facilities; in addition, to other ground water, surface water, and storm water if present. Untreated water has high levels of organic material, pathogenic organisms, nutrients and many toxic elements. Therefore, this type of wastewater poses as an environmental and health danger; hence, calling for moving such waste from its sources and treat it appropriately before disposal [1]. The primary objective of wastewater management is to protect the environment in a way to align with public health and socio-economic concerns. For this reason, wastewater management is becoming vital because of diminishing water resources, increase wastewater disposal costs and strict discharge regulations that have lowered possible contaminant levels in water bodies.

The significance of water as a worldwide resource for human life…...

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References

1. A. Dixit, A. Dixit, S. Dixit, & C.S. Goswami, "Process and Plants for Wastewater Remediation: A Review," Scientific Reviews and Chemical Communications, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 71-77, 2011.

2. M. Johnson, & D.D. Mara, "Aerated Rock Filters for Enhanced Nitrogen and Fecal Coli form Removal from Facultative Waste Stabilization Pond Effluents, "Water Science and Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 12, pp. 99 -- 102, 2005.

3. Oligae, (2013, January) Guide to Algae-based Wastewater Treatment: A Sample Report. Oligae. India. [Online]. Available from  https://secure.clixoo.com/purchase/oilgae/wwt/report.html 

4. Y. Su, A. Mennerich, & B. Urban, "Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Biomass Accumulation with a Wastewater-born and Settleable Algal-Bacterial Culture," Water Research, Vol. 45 pp. 3351-3358, 2011.

Edwards. O., umford, V., Shillingford, ., & Serra-Roldan, R. (Jul 2007). Developmental assets: A prevention framework for students considered at risk. Children & Schools, 29(3). Retrieved October 20, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database.

Edwards, umford, Shillingford, and Serra-Roldan (2007) explored the topic of identifying and treatment of students who were considered at risk for failing school. They note that the traditional medical model surmises that there is a disease entity at play or some behavioral deficit. However, the authors theorize that teachers, working in conjunction with counselors, can facilitate asset building, which can benefit all students, especially those at risk of failing.

Gentry, ., Peters, S., & ann, R., (Spring 2007). Differences between general and talented students' perceptions of their career and technical education experiences compared to their traditional high school experiences. Journal of Advanced Academics, 18(3). Retrieved October 20, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database.

Gentry, Scott, and ann (2007) investigated…...

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Moses (2004) examined the moral and political roots of educational policy disagreements. These disagreements have significant implications for the ethical treatment of students. Although both ends of the political spectrum that were investigated invoked the ideals of equality, these ideals were often at opposite end of the spectrum. Better understanding of these differing opinions can help in future policy disputes that will affect the treatment of students.

McLeod, R. (Dec 1995). Student misbehavior -- an ounce of prevention. Journal of Correctional Education, 46(4). Retrieved October 20, 2009, from Academic Search Complete database.

McLeod (1995) explores tips to prevent and curtail student misbehavior in the classroom. He surmises that misbehavior can be prevented by the teacher displaying a genuine interest in their students. Curing misbehavior that occurs can be had with private chats, speaking firmly but with respect to the student, and separating troublemakers. Setting reasonable expectations is a final tip the author gives in how a teacher's treatment of their students can correct and prevent misbehavior.

They may become distressed when they experience unexpected changes in routines. They may become distracted and not complete tasks, along with struggling with transitions between activities. Young children with autism seldom participate in pretend play. (Attwood, 2005, p. 11) Asperger's syndrome student may function on or above grade level in academic subjects, albeit, their behavioral quirks may inhibit their success. Along with a supportive learning environment, support through visual aids (e.g., schedules, charts, signs, and lists) may benefit these students. Visual aids generally prove useful in facilitating transitions. They also help redirect and refocus students who experience problems staying on task. Task organizers may also help students progress through their tasks. These task organizers, which function similar to methods used in cookbook recipes, can be reviewed prior to doing an activity. The facilitator needs to ensure a student has necessary materials to complete the activity, and then guide the…...

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References

Asperger's syndrome. (2006, Nov 17). Mayoclinic.com. Retrieved December 10, 2007, at  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/aspergers-syndrome/DS00551/DSECTION=6 

Attwood, T. (2005). Chapter 2 Theory of Mind and Asperger's Syndrome. In Asperger's Syndrome: Intervening in Schools, Clinics, and Communities, Baker, L.J. & Welkowitz, L.A. (Eds.) (pp. 11-37). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved December 8, 2007, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104642214http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104642233 

Baker, L.J. & Welkowitz, L.A. (Eds.). (2005). Asperger's Syndrome: Intervening in Schools, Clinics, and Communities. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved December 10, 2007, from Questia database:   www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002033495http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104642216 

Boyle, D. (2003, October 6). The Syndrome That Became an Epidemic: David Boyle Asks Whether Autism, Diagnosed 1,000 per Cent More Than a Decade Ago, Has Become a New Term for Naughty Children and Wonders if the Drug Companies Are Behind it All. New Statesman, 132, 27+. Retrieved December 10, 2007, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002033495

In 2005, Gallione, Hawke and Hennen conducted research demonstrating the principles of Social Learning Theory. They evaluated the treatment modalities in five different residential facilities situated in New Jersey. They noted some significant flaws in their research. Their subjects constituted a referred population, and they were not randomly assigned. So they did not reflect a cross-section of society, and the programs are not completely comparable (Gallione et. al., 2005). Nevertheless they had 185 adolescents and were able to draw preliminary conclusions. The authors noted that adolescents are particularly challenging in therapy for drug abuse. It is a struggle to get them invested in the treatment, and they are likely to leave treatment without completing it. These researchers found that using some Social Learning Theory -based concepts, although not identified as such, improved success rates (Gallione et. al., 2005).

Using short survey instruments, the researchers evaluated the treatment of each individual and…...

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Bibliography

Carroll, Kathleen M.; Keller, Daniels S.; and Rounsaville, Bruce J. 1997. "Relapse Prevention Strategies for the Treatment of Cocaine Abuse." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Vol. 17.

Gallione, Peter; Hawke, Josephine M.; and Hennen, Joseph. 2005. "Correlates of Therapeutic Involvement among Adolescents in Residential Drug Treatment." American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Vol. 31.

Kandel, Denise B. Stages and Pathways of Drug Involvement: Examining the Gateway Hypothesis. Cambridge University Press: 2002.

SAMHSA. 2003. "Overview of Findings from the 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health." Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services. Accessed via the Internet 8/4/06.  http://www.samhsa.gov/index.aspx

Treatment Options
Pain Treatment

Treatment Options Clinical Pain

Chronic pain is an issue that all healthcare providers have to deal with at one time or another. The mitigation of pain is a major factor in whether an individual will be able to heal properly and in an appropriate length of time (text, 320). The three cases offered -- various types of pain from a below-the-knee amputation resulting from a diabetic neuropathy, acute pain from an abdominal hysterectomy, and chronic, non-migraine headaches -- have different levels and sources of pain which need to be addressed in different ways. Helping to eliminate the pain can come through the use of surgical, pharmaceutical, behavioral, and cognitive methods, and the proper use of these methods is decided by the type of pain, its acuteness, and where it is.

Case One

Originally, this problem was caused because the patient experienced diabetic neuropathy which, in itself, can cause acute pain (WebMD,…...

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References

Jeffries, G.E. (2008). Post amputation pain. Retrieved from t/page1.htmlhttp://www.amputeecoalition.org/inmotion/mar_apr_98/pain_mg

Mayo Clinic. (2011). Tension headaches. Retrieved from coalition.org/inmotion/mar_apr_98/pain_mgt/page1.htmlhttp://www.amputee-

WebMD. (2010). Diabetic neuropathy -- Treatment overview. Retrieved from treatment-overviewhttp://diabetes.webmd.com/tc/diabetic-neuropathy-

The most common ethical issues facing health care managers are balancing profits with patients, avoiding conflicts of interest, making sure people get equally fair treatment (as opposed to better treatment for rich people, etc.), addressing the concerns of nurses who may feel they are not providing care with enough of a benefit, and managing patients who do not have the capacity to make decisions, such as pediatric and geriatric patients. These issues can be addressed in the strategic plan through clearly spelling out specific policies that have to be followed. That helps to avoid the issue as one of ethics,....

....

The client generally expects to receive a diagnosis, but also to be given information that will help him or her address current and past issues in order to move forward in life. There could be a very specific problem the client is having, or it might be an overarching feeling or problem, like depression or anxiety. Therapists expect clients to focus on the treatment options and advice they are given, and to take the relationship seriously. If clients are not willing to put in the work it takes to get better, it is very difficult for a therapist to actually....

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