"In war you lose your sense of the definite, hence your sense of truth itself, and therefore it's safe to say that in a true war story nothing is ever absolutely true. Often in a true war story there is not even a point, or else the point doesn't hit you until at least 20 years later, in your sleep, and you wake up and shake your wife and start telling the story to her, except when you've gotten to the end you've forgotten the point again" (O'Brien, 276). This quotation illustrates the fact that the idiosyncrasy that has replaced the void created within the author's identity is one of distortion, in which truth and clarity are replaced by uncertainty and ambiguity. This point is also underscored by Stout's essay, as the following quotation in which Seth emphasizes his inability to relate to people due to his disassociation, largely…...

Trauma is considered as 'Mental Agony', distress due to problems internal or personal to the patient's/victim's, undergone by a person during a given period. Even physical or mental distress undergone can also be considered as Trauma.. Trauma means 'injury' and derives from the Greek word meaning 'wound'. Trauma is any physical or mental shock or injury, specifically a serious wound or injury caused by some physical action, as an automobile accident, violent assault and so on. It is also psychological damage or an experience that inflicts such damage. Trauma is physical, or psychological or both. It may refer to the injury done, or to the condition which results. Profound emotional shock, Physical injury, Physical shock syndrome is also defined as Trauma.
Traumatic experiences shake the foundation of our beliefs about safety and shatter our assumptions of trust. These events and experiences provoke reactions that are strange and crazy. These reactions are…...

mla

BIBLIOGRAPHY

International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, (1992) World Health Organisation, Geneva, Tenth Revised Edition pg: 344

Laughlin, Henry P. (1963) "Neuroses Following Trauma" Volume 6 - edited by Paul David Cantor Butterworths, Washington, USA, pg: 76-125

Cattell, James P. (1963) "Personality and Behavior Changes Following Trauma" Volume 8 - edited by Paul David Cantor Butterworths, Washington, USA, pg: 251 to 261

Dunbar F (1948) "Mind and Body" - first edition published by Random House, Newyork, USA, pg:32 to 40

Trauma
'the processing of traumatic experience is highly individualistic, and cannot easily be captured with simple diagnostic labels" (McFarlane and Van der

Kolk, 1996: 562).

Traumatic experiences vary significantly from person to person, the result of many different social and cultural factors as well as individual preferences and physiological factors. One can't simply ascribe a common treatment protocol to all patients undergoing a traumatic experience, because there have not been developed any specific tools that are successful in treating traumatic experiences for every person. ather, the successful treatment of traumatic events begins with close exploration of the nature of trauma including its symptomology and pathology as well as examination of its psychiatric impact on patients.

For the most part trauma is often associated with post traumatic stress disorder. Though this is a far reaching consequence of traumatic experience affecting a majority of patients, it is not the only factor that need be considered when…...

mla

References:

Ditrich, Anne M., Baranowsky, Anna B., Devich-Navarro, M., Gentry, J.E., Harris, C.J.,

Figley, C.R. (2000). "A Review of Alternative Approaches to the Treatment of Post Traumatic Sequelae." Traumatology. Volume VI, Issue 4, Article 2. [online] October 22, 2004:  http://www.fsu.edu/~trauma/v6i4/v6i4a2.htm 

Christianson, S.A. (1992). "Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review."

Psychological Bulletin, 112, 284-309.

Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters, And Physical Health Symptoms in Postabused Women
Stephanie J. Woods and N. Margaret Wineman

The purpose of this research is to evaluate PTSD symptom clusters (avoidance of the situation, hyper-arousal, and intrusions) to physical health symptoms in women who have suffered abuse. The researchers are also interested in how lifetime trauma is related to the PTSD symptom clusters and physical health symptoms. The researchers make a fair case for the aims of the current study by pointing out that the majority of previous research investigating these relationships has been performed on male combat veterans (although they do discuss research with female veterans) and that a significant proportion of women in abusive relationships suffer from PTSD. Here you might be tempted to draw the conclusion that if PTSD war veterans experience health symptoms so should abused women, but this might not follow. Moreover, they do discuss inadequacies…...

This change in report helps clinicians to determine the significant changes that are occurring in the patient's behavior over time.
Ease of Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation

The instrument is ideal for administering to individuals and groups. It is easy for the clinician and patient for the response item list on the 4-point scale is entered on the top page of the booklet. The booklet is carbonless, such that item responses are transferred to the scoring sheet underneath it automatically. This allows for easy administration and scoring by hand. It is also easy to interpret the scores since the graphic profiles convert raw scores to sex- and age-appropriate T scores and graphical representations.

The advantage of the Trauma Symptom Inventory test is its ability to assess a broad range of symptoms including those related to acute stress disorder and posttraumatic disorder. This is because the test has a ten clinical scale and three-validity…...

mla

References

Briere, J. (1995). Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) Professional Manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.

Ghetti, S., Edelstein, R.S., Goodman, G.S., Cordon, I.,M., & al, e. (2006). What can subjective forgetting tell us about memory for childhood trauma? Memory & Cognition (Pre-2011), 34(5), 1011-25.

Norris, F.H., & Raid, J.K. (1997). Standardized self-report measures of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. In J.P. Wilson and T.M Keane (Eds.) Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD. The Guilford Press: New York.

Purves, D.G., & Erwin, P.G. (2004). Post-traumatic stress and self-disclosure. The Journal of Psychology, 138(1), 23-33.

Trauma Centers
The Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta Georgia describe a trauma center as a kind of medical facility, usually a hospital, that has "…resources and equipment needed to help care for severely injured patients" (CDC). There are several levels to trauma centers, beginning with Level I and going up to Level IV. The Level I trauma center is the provider of the "highest level of trauma care" and Level IV only provide "initial trauma care" and patients that are first served at Level IV trauma centers are transferred after initial care to higher level centers (CDC).

The CDC is actively involved in a program to raise the level of awareness that the public has about both access to and locations of trauma centers. The United States Congress passed a bill in 2007 to attempt to ensure that Americans would have sufficient numbers of trauma centers, because clearly questions have been…...

mla

Works Cited

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2010). Access to Trauma Care. Retrieved August

7, 2012, from  http://www.cdc.gov/traumacare/access_trauma.html .

Hartmann, Elizabeth H., Creel, Nathan, Lepard, Jacob, and Maxwell, Robert A. (2012). Mass

Casualty Following Unprecedented Tornadic Events in the Southeast: Natural Disaster

functional casebook and extensively approved text provides valuable, inventive approaches for aiding children who experienced traumatic life situations like parental divorce or death, neglect and abuse, natural calamities and violence at school or in the community. Inter-personal aggression suffered during childhood has often been proven to be linked to negative psychosocial effects; risk of negative effects increases with increase in exposures (Felitti et al., 1998; Teicher, Samson, Polcari and McGreenery, 2006). Also, unfortunately, it is not uncommon for children to come across one or more kinds of indirect or direct victimization before they turn eighteen. In fact, one study discovered that kids who report to being victims of sexual abuse very likely experienced other forms of victimization, too (Finkelhor, Ormrod, Turner, & Hamby, 2005).
The article "Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Child Sexual Abuse and Exposure to Domestic Violence" reveals the likely impacts of child exposure to domestic and sexual abuse,…...

mla

References

Felitti, V.J., Anda, R.F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D.F., Spitz, A.M., Edwards, V., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245-258.

Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Turner, H., & Hamby, S.L. (2005). The victimization of children and youth: A comprehensive, national survey. Child Maltreatment, 1-0(1), 5- 25.

Neubauer, F., Deblinger, E. & Sieger, K. (2007). Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Child Sexual Abuse and Exposure to Domestic Violence. In: n. b. webb, ed. Play Therapy with Children in Crisis: Individual, Group, and Family Treatment. New York: Guilford Publications, Inc., pp. 107-131.

Teiche. M, Samson. J, Polcari. A, & McGreenery. C. (2006). Sticks, Stones, and Hurtful Words: Relative Effects of Various of Childhood maltreatment. American Journal of psychiatry, 163. 993-1000

health care problem is the first and most critical step in curriculum development, only after which it is possible to outline core elements of the curriculum and how to address the identified problems (Bass, n.d.). In this case, medical trauma management is the critical area of concern. Planning will be the focus, following a general needs assessment, but coordination of all curricular elements will also be important for effective and cost-effective delivery.
esources required for the curriculum include personnel, time, and facilities. In this case, four or five Physician Assistants and an equal number of Nurse Practitioners will need to coordinate their contributions in accordance with the timeline and budget goals of the curriculum. Facilities will initially include simulated Emergency Departments, to prevent problems between training and actual interventions, yet will also include hands-on delivery in actual Emergency Departments to promote the goals of the curriculum. Long-range goals include improving…...

mla

References

Allen, W.C. (2006). Overview and evolution of the ADDIE training system. Advances in Developing Human Resources 8(4): 430-441.

Bass, E.B. (n.d.). Step 1: Problem identification and general needs assessment.

Swanson, R.A. & Holton, E.F. (2009). Training and development practices. Chapter 12 in Foundations of Human Resource Development.

Trauma
The experience or perception of trauma has an indelible effect on the individual. Self-concept and self-esteem are often impacted by trauma. A trauma survivor may completely alter self-perception and self-image. Trauma can also alter worldviews or cause existential angst. Moreover, survivors of trauma may develop psychological disorders such as depression. In a study by David, Ceschi, Billieux & Van der Linden (2008), the researchers found that the depression experienced by trauma victims is in fact qualitatively and symptomatically different from depression in those unaffected by trauma.

Therefore, trauma is linked to clusters of symptoms that are related to but distinct from their counterparts occurring in the general population. A trauma survivor with psychological and/or physical injuries requires specific interventions. These interventions need to address self-esteem, existential meaning, and identity. For example, Crossley (2000) recommends a process of narrative psychology to help the trauma survivor reconstruct and strengthen identity. The individual uses…...

mla

References

Crossley, M.L. (2000). Narrative Psychology, Trauma and the Study of Self/Identity. Theory Psychology August 2000 vol. 10 no. 4 527-546

David, M., Ceschi, G., Billieux, J. & Van der Linden, M. (2008). Depressive symptoms after trauma: is self-esteem a mediating factor? J. Nerv Ment Dis 196(10): 735-42.

Hemenover, S.H. (2003). The Good, the Bad, and the Healthy: Impacts of Emotional Disclosure of Trauma on Resilient Self-Concept and Psychological Distress. Pers Soc Psychol Bull October 2003 vol. 29 no. 10, 1236-1244

Life Trauma and Nursing Home esidents
Early-Life Trauma

When a person loses their ability to live independently and is forced to enter a nursing home, the experience can be a difficult one. But not all of the problems arise because of current influences, past traumas, which occurred in early-life, can sometimes arise in a resident's later years to cause trouble. Keith Anderson, and his colleagues at the College of Social Work at Ohio State University recently published an article which examined the impact of early-life trauma on older nursing home residents. After discussing how early-life traumas can influence how an elderly person reacts to certain aspects of assisted care, the authors then provide a hypothetical case where a patient has a difficult time adjusting to life in the nursing home. In this hypothetical case, social workers did not discover an early-life trauma which resulted in both the resident and the staff…...

mla

References

Anderson, Keith, Noelle Fields, and Lynn Dobb. (2011). "Understanding the Impact of Early-Life Trauma in Nursing Home Residents." Journal of Gerontological

Social Work, 54: 755-767. Retrieved from

com

Ethnicity Trauma
Ethnicity and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

It is a natural human response to suffer long-term emotional consequences from exposure to a traumatic event or sustained traumatic experiences. However, the incarnations of these long-term consequences exist on a widely variant spectrum. Among the wide array of factors that might be used to predict these consequences, ethnicity is among the most highly debated. So shows the article by Perilla et al. (2002), which addresses the concepts of differential exposure and differential vulnerability in illuminating the subject.

Perilla et al. indicate that one possible explanation for differing levels of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) according to ethnicity is the relationship between ethnicity and other sociological factors that might contribute to a comparatively more severe experience within the scope of a similar trauma. Particularly, the authors examine Hurricane Andrew's effects on a wide variance of populations in achieving a definition of differential exposure. They…...

mla

Works Cited:

Loo, C.M. (2007). PTSD Among Ethnic Minority Veterans. United States Department of Veterans Affairs.

Perilla, J.L.; Norris, F.H. & Lavizzo, E.A. (2002). Ethnicity, Culture, and Disaster Response: Identifying and Explaining Ethnic Differences in PTSD Six Months After Hurricane Andrew. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 21(1), 20-45.

Tull, M. (2008). Ethnic and Racial Differences in PTSD. About Post Traumatic Stress (PTSD).

non-violen experiences of war / errorism
2. Hypohesis (Wha do you expec he research o show?)

expecaions of his research is ha children exposed o more inensive experiences of errorism and war will more likely experience he kind of response described by (Pine e al., 2005), namely causing child o disrus he very underpinnings of civilian life and reacing by afflicing himself wih erroriss, forming gangs, or imiaing he violen behavior of hose around him.

3. Sample and sample size

I will es wo populaions of children living in Israel. One populaion will be children of a Jewish communiy living in Hebron ha see violen aacks and errorism on a regular scale. The oher will be children of a Jewish communiy who live near o an E. Jerusalem Arab populaion, possibly in he Old Ciy, where unres (alhough no violen aacks) is experienced regularly. Children will be aged 6-16 of boh genders. Based…...

mla

to Violent and Nonviolent War Experiences J. AM. ACAD. CHILD ADOLESC. PSYCHIATRY, 41:4

Pine, D et al. (2005). Trauma, Proximity, and Developmental Psychopathology:

The Effects of War and Terrorism on Children Neuropsychopharmacology 30, 1781 -- 1792

Loss, Trauma, and Human esilience
The article focuses on the people who are resilient in the face of loss or potentially traumatic events. The articles notes that almost everyone experiences some type of traumatic event at some point of their life, and then notes that some people deal with these problems effectively and experience very little upheaval. Bonanno notes that resilience is generally seen in children and that most of the adult studies deal with individuals who have developed significant psychological problems. Based on this, resilience in adults is often considered as something rare. Bonanno argues against this, stating that resilience is more common than expected and that there are multiple pathways to resilience.

The next section of the article describes the difference between resilience and recovery. Bonanno notes that recovery is a process where normal functioning gives way to symptoms of depression as the individual deals with the trauma. Most…...

mla

References

Bonanno, G.A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59.1, 20-28.

If the temperature is taken miles away, or if the insect that was found and studied was not exactly the same as one that had been studied before, only similar perhaps, the defense attorney will also often argue that the entomologist's testimony is only guesswork, and therefore that it is not valid and should not be admitted as evidence (Sachs, 1998). Judges have taken different approaches about whether to allow this kind of evidence, but the trend appears to be toward allowing the prosecution to admit this kind of evidence, which indicates that forensic entomology in general is becoming more accepted by law enforcement and by the court system across the country.

The way that forensic entomology is becoming worthwhile in the court system is a trial by fire, but many entomologists say that they welcome this because they know that this ensures that, when their evidence is finally accepted as…...

mla

Works Cited

Adler, P.A. & Adler, P. (1987). Membership roles in field research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Becker, H.S. (1996). The epistemology of qualitative research. University of Chicago Press, 53-71.

Benecke, M., Barksdale, L., Sundermeier, J., Reibe, S., & Ratcliffe, B.C. (2000). Forensic entomology in a murder case: blood spatter artifacts caused by flies, and determination of post mortem interval (PMI) by use of blowfly maggots. Zoology, Analysis of Complex Systems 103: 106.

Boas, F. (1943). Recent anthropology. Science, 98, 311-314, 334-337.

Substance Abuse Treatment as it Is elated to Trauma
esearch indicates that there is a strong correlation between people who have experienced trauma (whether in childhood or in adulthood) and substance abuse or dependency. Because patients who suffer from substance abuse are also highly likely to have experienced trauma in their lives, a trauma-focused care approach can be the best method of treating substance abuse patients because it emphasizes the underlying cause of the patient's stress, depression, and compulsion to abuse or develop a dependency upon harmful substances. Since attempting to treat patients with a substance use dependency can be include a range of interventions, it depends upon the therapist or counselor's training and preferred approach to counseling as to whether or not the patient receives the appropriate or most effective care. This study examines the research related to the issue of trauma and substance abuse treatment and concludes that trauma-focused…...

mla

References

Boden, M., Kimerling, R., Jacobs-Lentz, J. et al. (2011). Seeking Safety treatment for male veterans with a substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomatology. Addiction, 107: 578-586.

Ekinci, S., Kandemir, H. (2015). Childhood trauma in the lives of substance dependent

patients: The relationship between depression, anxiety and self-esteem. Nord Journal Psychiatry, 69(4): 249-253.

Gifford, E., Tavakoli, S., Wang, R. et al. (2013). Tobacco dependence diagnosis and treatment in Veterans Health Administration residential substance use disorder treatment programs. Addiction, 108: 1127-1135.

One of the reasons that Frederick Douglass was an effective anti-slavery advocate was because he was a powerful speaker and writer who mastered rhetorical tools and was able to use them to convey the realities of slavery to people who had either never experienced or had experienced slavery from the perspective of the slaveholder, rather than the perspective of the slave. 

Douglass uses simile, comparing most slaves’ knowledge of their birthdays to what a horse would know of its birthday.  Given that slaves were often compared to beasts of burden; this may not seem like a rhetorical device....

Helping you come up with titles on this would be a little easier if we knew which specific issue you want to focus on in your high school exit project because the title should specifically address the content of the paper.  We wanted to give you that disclaimer, because some of these titles may be inappropriate for whatever paper you have written.  We are going to provide a variety of different titles that will include a range of topics related to combat wounded veteran rehabilitation.  They touch on some topics that are controversial among the wounded veteran....

Psychotherapy, sometimes referred to as talk therapy, describes a wide variety of counseling methods that center on a person seeking resolution by discussing their problems with some type of mental health professional.  It is an interesting type of mental health intervention because it is helpful to a wide range of people and is used by people with and without mental disorders.  This differentiates it from some types of mental health interventions, which are specifically targeted to those experiencing a mental illness.

One of the main benefits of psychotherapy is that it helps people....

We would really love to know which country you are writing about, because the immigrant experience varies tremendously depending on both the country of origin and the destination country.  There are other factors that can impact the psychological impact of the immigrant experience as well.  Is a person immigrating with their family or on their own?  Will they be able to have continued contact with their family?  What are the reasons for immigrating?  Is the immigrant escaping trauma, such as in many refugee scenarios, moving for better economic opportunities, or moving for another reason?  All....