familiar concepts transformational transactional leadership, terms coined James MacGregor Burns
Prior to discussing the myriad reasons why Martin Luther King Jr. And former United States senator Joseph McCarthy embody the characteristics of transformational and transactional leadership, respectively, it is essential to denote just what those particular traits are and how they are related to these two individuals. In many ways, transactional and transformational leadership are antipodes of one another. The former is largely based upon gratifying the needs of followers via a system of rewards and punishments. The latter is largely about motivating followers to transcend their own personal desires to help to actualize the desired goals and ends of an organization. There are also certain facets of the leader themselves that these two distinct leadership styles require which set them in opposition with one another.

Transformational leaders typically have some sort of charismatic appeal that renders them as personable and…...

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References

No author. (2008). "McCarthyism." www.ushistory.org. Retrieved from  http://www.ushistory.org/us/53a.asp 

Ivey, G.W., & Kline, T.B. (2010). "Transformational and active transactional leadership in the Canadian military." Leadership & Organization Development Journal. 31 (3): 246-262. Retrieved from ProQuest.

Jackson, W. (2000). "Book review: the true Martin Luther King Jr. ." The Christian Courier. Retrieved from  https://www.christiancourier.com/articles/223-book-review-the-true-martin-luther-king-jr 

Traywick, B. (2008). "Reagan's transformational leadership." www.youtube.com Retrieved from  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puB0Bnt5xfY&feature=related

Transformational Transactional Leadership
Leadership is one of the four major functions performed by managers. There are various leadership styles which managers adopt in different situations, problems, and organizational issues depending upon the sensitivity of their working environment (Hoye II 2005). These leadership styles include transformational leadership, transactional leadership, charismatic leadership, authentic leadership, paternalistic leadership, autocratic leadership, etc. These leadership styles shape the way a leader manages, motivates, encourages, trains, and directs its followers (Hannah, Woolfolk, & Lord 2009). This paper compares and contrasts transactional, transformational, and authentic leadership styles or approaches with a major focus on explaining how leaders motivate their followers using each of these approaches and identifying the most effective approach among them. The discussion is based on human resource management and organizational behavior theories; specifically the leadership and motivational theories.

1. Transactional Leadership:

Transactional leadership, often called as managerial leadership approach presents the basic role of a manager as a…...

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REFERENCES

Basefsky, M., Maxwell, J.L., Post, A., & Turner, B.G. 2004, Manager to Manager - What Are the Five Most Important Qualities of an Effective Leader? Journal American Water Works Association, 96 (7): 34-36.

Bernthal, P., & Wellins, R. 2006, Trends in Leader Development and Succession, Academic journal article from Human Resource Planning, 29 (2): 5-9.

Bonnici, C.A. 2011, Creating a successful leadership style: principles of personal strategic planning, 1st Edition. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Education

Dereli, M. 2010, Leadership styles: a survey research of leadership styles of elementary school principals, 1st Edition. Saarbru-cken, Germany: VDM Verlag.

Leadership Path Goal Theory
The Boy Scouts" using the "path- goal theory

Leadership theories

Path Goal Theory

Explain how the theory works and include an example

Explain the effect of power and influence that leaders have on followers in the organization

Are the followers receptive?

Would you recommend another strategy?

Transformational Leadership

Transactional Leadership

Evaluate the role of transformational and transformational leadership in the organization

Effectiveness of transformational and transactional leadership in the organization

Examples

Assess the traits and characteristics of an effective team leader within the organization

Explain how the leadership supports vision, mission, and strategy in the organization

If you were the leader in the organization, what would you change and why?

Conclusion

eferences

Introduction:

The leadership theories are different in their relevance and approach, however, the importance of effective leadership cannot be undermined in operations of a successful organization. The boy scouts and other military organizations also deploy various leadership and management practices in order to motivate their members. It further leads them for successful operations…...

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References:

Bolman, L.G., & Deal, T.E. (2011). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice and leadership. USA: Jossey-Bass.

Samson, D., & Daft, R.L. (2009). Fundamentals of management. Australia: Cengage Learning.

Winkler, I. (2010). Contemporary leadership theories. USA: Springer.

" Additionally, this style of leadership in the organization makes it impossible for employees to take actions to improve job satisfaction. (Wanjiru, 2009, paraphrased)
Furthermore, transactional leadership '...has been ineffective in providing skilled employees to their organization. This style of leadership is least interested in changing the work environment. Experts do not recommend this approach. Transactional leadership focuses more on management of punishments and rewards.

IV. Examples of Work Environment in Which Transactional Leadership Style is Effective

The work of Paul Gerhardt (2004) entitled: "Transformational and Transactional Leadership in Retail: Customer Service, Training and Evaluation" states that the transactional leader operates "...within existing systems, they believe in delivering penalties for noncompliance of requests. Another example of transactional leadership may be an elected official who promises to make a requested change or changes to certain policies if elected. Transactions are clearly being made as aspects of leadership styles." (Gerhardt, 2004)

Gerhardt (2004) additionally states that…...

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Bibliography

Allen David (nd) Comparison of Leadership styles of United States and Japan. Broadway Business. 22 July 2009. Online available at:  http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/07/comparison-of-leadership-styles-of-united-states-and-japan-6.html 

Gerhardt, Paul (2009) Transformational and Transactional Leadership in Retail: Customer Service, Training and Evaluation. July 2004. Online available at:  http://www.paulgerhardt.com/homework/TranformationalTransactonalLeadershipInRetail.pdf 

Lussier, Robert N. And Achua, Christopher F. (2009) Leadership: Theory, Application & Skill Development. Cengage Learning 2009.

Thomas, Greg (2003) What is 'Transactional Leadership'? Leadership Tip of the Month. January 2003. weLEAD, Inc. Online available at:  http://www.leadingtoday.org/Onmag/jan03/transaction12003.html

Leadership Self-Assessment Analysis
In the wake of the corporal scandals of Enron and the Arthur Anderson Company, there have been increased calls for strong ethical leadership. Leadership had always been regarded as a key factor in ensuring the effectiveness of any organization. However, new models are also being developed to challenge the limitations of the prevailing classical theories of leadership.

This paper argues for a tempered approach, one that combines effective leadership with good management. Both factors are important, since over-managed and under-led organizations tend to lose sight of their goals. By the same token, while charismatic leaders can lead their organizations to high levels of success, the lack of management skills means that such victories do not last in the long run.

The growing awareness of corporate and white-collar crime has likewise presented new challenges to the classical leadership model. Organization leaders should now be wary of lawsuits the way physicians fear…...

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References

Bolman, Lee G. And Deal, Terrence E. 1997. Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2nd ed.

Northouse, Peter G. 1997. Leadership: Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishing.

Leadership
My organization is Miami-Dade Transit, for which I am a bus operator. The Transit system is an independent operating entity within the government of Miami-Dade County. Leadership of this company is typically appointed, and this was the case of the current Director, Ysela Llort. She was posted to the position at Transit in February 2012, after a career spanning many different units within the county, including Public Works, Aviation and Seaport, as well as an earlier role at Transit. Her background is diverse enough that she not only can effectively manage the transit system for one of the most highly-populated counties in the country but also that she can perform a role as liaison with the county, the government entity that funds and provides oversight for the Transit division. This paper will examine the leadership style of Ms. Llort, in the context of my experiences working there.

Leadership Style

Llort came to…...

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References

CBS (2010). Miami-Dade Commissioners livid over transit scandal. CBS News. Retrieved December 7, 2013 from  http://miami.cbslocal.com/2010/12/07/miami-dade-commissioners-livid-over-transit-scandal/ 

LeMay, N. (2008). Leadership can be learned, but how is it measured? U.S. Aid. Retrieved December 7, 2013 from http://www1.msh.org/Documents/OccasionalPapers/upload/How_Can_Leadership_Be_MeasuredOP.pdf

Miami-Dade (2013). Ysela Llort -- Director. Miami Dade County Retrieved December 7, 2013 from http://www.miamidade.gov/biographies/transit.asp

Miami Today. (2012). Ysela Llort puts transit on track to open airport link station while trying to restore federal faith in the systems controls Miami Today. Retrieved December 7, 2013 from  http://www.miamitodaynews.com/news/120308/story-profile.shtml

Leaders that are experienced in a certain type of situations can manage them faster and more efficiently.
Such experienced leaders have the advantage of having experienced similar situations before. Therefore, this means that these leaders know what the phases of the situation are and what outcomes they should expect to take place. In other words, they are aware of the actions and decisions they must make in order to efficiently manage the situation in case.

For example, in the case of a police station with an experienced leader, the teams are confronting with a situation where several burglars tried to steal the money from a corner shop. The salesperson managed to press the alarm button and several police cars arrived at the location of the scene. The burglars are armed and are threatening the salesperson and other clients of the store that have been taken hostages inside the location.

This is obviously…...

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Reference list:

1. Transactional Leadership (2010). Retrieved October 4, 2010 from  http://changingminds.org/disciplines/leadership/styles/transactional_leadership.htm .

Leadership
Type a versus Type B Leadership

The ability to guide and direct a group, department or entire organization is predicated on being able to balance task and relationship orientation through transformational leadership. The most effective leaders balance short-term transactional strategies for getting immediate results with transformational leadership skills, intermediating between each using emotional intelligence (EI) to guide their decision making (Ivey, Kline, 2010). The foundational elements of transformational leadership include individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation (Ismail, Mohamed, Sulaiman, Mohamad, Yusuf, 2011) and idealized influence. Transformational leaders are able to use situational awareness and EI to selectively apply each of these approaches at the most opportune time to get the best results (Ivey, Kline, 2010). The intent of this analysis is to evaluate how these techniques can be used for assessing scores from the Type A versus Type B tests taken. I received a score of 38 on Type A and…...

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References

Ismail, A., Mohamed, H.A., Sulaiman, A.Z., Mohamad, M.H., & Yusuf, M.H. (2011). An empirical study of the relationship between transformational leadership, empowerment and organizational commitment. Business and Economic Research Journal, 2(1), 89-108. Retrieved from ProQuest.

Ivey, G.W., & Kline, T.B. (2010). Transformational and active transactional leadership in the Canadian military. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 31(3), 246-262. Retrieved from ProQuest.

Leadership is a process that helps in directing and mobilizing people. It has for the past 100 years been a subject of many studies. These studies have come up with theories of the nature and exercise of leadership. Some of these theories include trait theories of leadership, theories of emergent leadership, leadership style theories, psychodynamic theories, and the path goal theories among others. The second section of this paper focuses on evaluation of behavior of selected leaders. Leaders of different organizations exhibit specific behaviors that are in line with models and theories of leadership. Their behaviors can guide the behavior of individual followers, groups, or even teams. The analysis section touches on how leaders perceive their roles and what makes them develop as leaders. The summary wraps up all that the paper is about and what I have learnt.
Literature review

Management and leadership are interchangeably used in our everyday lives. Leadership…...

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References

Avolio, B.J., Walumbwa, F.O. & Weber, T.J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 421-429.

Bass, B. (2008). The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Application. New York: Free Press.

Bennis, W. & Nanus, B. (1997). Leaders: Strategies for Taking Change 2nd Edition. New York:

Collins Business Essentials.

Leadership
I have grown fond of Mr. Joe Scott because of his ability to inspire his followers to do more than they would have expected to do. He has the capability of engaging his staff's commitment in a context of shared values and vision. He is capable of aligning the interests of the organization and its members. Those who have worked closely with him attest to his ability to inspire and motivate those who are working directly under him. He is capable is inspiring change because he's idealized influence, individual consideration, intellectual stimulation, and inspiration. He can maximize mutual interest and restrain in the process of exercising his power. His leadership style broadens and elevates the interest of the follower (Mind Tools, 2013). This ends up generating awareness and motivation towards the purpose and mission of the organization. His leadership traits bring the group purpose above individual needs for the attainment…...

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References List

Mind Tools (2013). Leadership Styles: Choosing the Right Style for the Situation. Retrieved from  http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_84.htm 

Murray, A. (2013). Leadership Styles.  http://guides.wsj.com/management/developing-a-leadership-style/how-to-develop-a-leadership-style/

The authors also find that the firms where these antecedents are most present are those in which either leadership style is highly evident. Firms that lack either leadership style are the lowest performing with respect to quality management.
The ultimate objective of any leader is to improve the company's performance. The most basic measures of performance are profit, revenue, market share and other financial statement measures. Even if the leader excels at other elements, if they do not translate to the bottom line, then the leader is not meeting the needs of the shareholders. hittington et al. (2009) have found that organizational performance is most positively affected by transactional leadership, whereas transformational leadership as found to have no impact. By contrast, Spinelli (2006) found the opposite -- that transformational leadership was more effective at delivering performance outcomes. This again hints that the best leadership style is dependent on the situation.

Part…...

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Works Cited:

Burns, J. (1979) Leadership. Harper Books.

Pieterse, a., van Knippenberg, D., Schippers, M. & Stam, D. (2010). Transformational and transactional leadership and innovative behavior: The moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Vol. 31 (4) 609-623.

Kezar, a. & Eckel, P. (2008). Advancing diversity agendas on campus: Examining transactional and transformational presidential leadership styles. International Journal of Leadership in Education. Vol. 11 (4) 379-405.

Zagorsek, H., Dimovski, V. & Skerlavaj, M. (2009). Transactional and transformational leadership impacts on organizational learning. Journal of East European Management Studies. Vol. 14 (2) 144-165.

Leadership Analysis of OSIM
High growth technology companies are fertile organizations for the conflicts of leadership styles. The incessant need for accelerating new product development and staying in step with customer needs on the one hand and the pressure to reduce costs often lead high tech firms to adopt transactional leadership mindsets (Eppard, 2004). This gets amplified in Asian cultures where time is a very limited resource and large-scale organizations including OSIM International have a myriad of conflicting priorities (Beugr, Acar, Braun, 2006). Defining a management style that is agile enough to respond to these many challenges while at the same time concentrating on attaining cost targets is essential for survival in highly competitive industries (Pieterse, van Knippenberg, Schippers, Stam, 2010). on Sim, CEO of OSIM, must balance these many requirements while engraining a high level of accountability and ownership throughout the global operations of OSIM International. Balancing transactional and transformational…...

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References

Beugr, C.D., Acar, W., & Braun, W. (2006). Transformational leadership in organizations: An environment-induced model.International Journal of Manpower, 27(1), 52-62.

Deluga, R.J. (1988). Relationship of transformational and transactional leadership with employee influencing strategies.Group & Organization Studies, 13(4), 456.

Eppard, R.G. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership styles as they predict constructive culture and defensive culture. (Order No. 3144365, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 129-129.

Guay, R.P. (2013). The relationship between leader fit and transformational leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology,28(1), 55-73.

By the same token, by not having any specific policy implications, servant leadership theory does not expressly reject the transformational, situational or results-focused ideas of leadership. It is merely an adjunct to these theories, and is mostly useful for deciding on whether or not somebody should become a leader in the first place.
Situational Leadership and Results-Focused Leadership

These two leadership theories are opposed to one another, but they share the same philosophical underpinnings. The underlying theory of each of these leadership styles is that the leadership style is flexible, and the best leaders have the ability to utilize different styles and techniques depending on the needs of the day. here the two differ is in the understanding of the most important determinant of leadership style. Situational leadership theory argues that leaders need to adapt to the different circumstances, changing their style to suit the challenges with which they are faced.…...

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Works Cited:

The transformational leader- N.M. Tichy and M.A. Devanna ( 1990)

Servant Leadership- Robert Greenleaf

Leadership in organization - G. Yuki (2006)

Leadership
At the core of leadership is the interaction between the leader and the follower. Much of leadership theory can be understood in terms of how leaders and followers interact and what the underlying assumptions are with respect to the roles and nature of leadership. Because of the many different types of leaders, and successful examples thereof, leadership scholarship has developed multiple branches that seek to explain leadership, but no one branch has yet proved definitive. Instead of understanding leadership through a single paradigm, and it better to understand it in terms of multiple paradigms, and different leadership theories can be applied to the same situation, and any given leader might apply multiple leadership styles at the same time.

Part of the appeal of leadership scholarship is that it encompasses so many unique academic disciplines. Leadership scholarship began life as in business schools but has been studied in the psychological and sociological…...

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References

Avolio, B., Walumbwa, F. & Weber, T. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology. Vol. 60 (2009) 421-449.

Boyatzis, R., Smith, M., & Blaize, N. (2006). Developing sustainable leaders through coaching and compassion. Academy of Management Learning & Education. Vol. 5 (1) 8-24.

Falk, S. & Rogers, S. (2011). Junior military officer retention: Challenges & opportunities. Harvard University. In possession of the author.

Kocolowski, M. (2010). Shared leadership: Is it time for a change? Emerging Leadership Journeys. Vol. 3 (1) 22-32.

I see that in my own leadership style I am oriented towards a transactional style, but that in order to improve my leadership I need to weave the daily leadership actions together better with an eye to creating long-term organizational excellence. I feel that I have developed strong communications skills and healthy leadership traits in terms of being rational but also being able to deal with the emotional elements of the job. I perhaps struggle a little at listening, but I also can be short-sighted with my decision-making, such that months or years later I find my decisions have set an undesirable tone that must be corrected. These are the most significant deficiencies between the leader I am and the leader I wish to become.

Long-term strategy can also be considered somewhat of a weakness. There is certainly a gap between the specificity of long-term strategies that the organization has at…...

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Works Cited:

Schermerhorn, John. (2001). Situational Leadership: Conversations with Paul Hersey. Ohio University. Retrieved August 1, 2009 from  http://www.situational.com/PdfViewer.aspx?pdfPath=~/Pdf/Conversations_With_Paul_Hersey.pdf 

Fielder, Fred. (1964). A Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness. Academic Press, Burlington, MA.

Vroom, VH & Yetton, PW. (1973). Leadership and Decision-Making. Yale University. Retrieved August 1, 2009 from  http://www.lederne.dk/NR/rdonlyres/E8715858-DCEE-4355-88BB-B3E82FE7DA9B/0/18VictorVroom2.pdf 

Enos, Darryl D. (2007). Performance Improvement. CRC Press, p. 153

There are several different types of army leadership styles that can produce the desired results among the armed forces.  Leadership in the army differs a little from leadership in other scenarios because some type of followership is built into the armed forces. The main leadership styles that you are likely to encounter in the army are transactional, transformational, servant, and autocratic. 

Transactional leadership is the type of leadership one most often encounters in the military.  It is based in structure and relies strongly on both rewards and penalties.  Rather than collaborating with subordinates, the transactional leader....

1. The role of emotional intelligence in effective leadership
2. Transformational vs. transactional leadership styles
3. The impact of diverse and inclusive leadership on team performance
4. The importance of integrity and ethical decision-making in leadership
5. How mentorship and coaching can enhance leadership skills
6. The role of communication in effective leadership
7. The challenges and opportunities of leading in a globalized world
8. The qualities of a successful team leader
9. The significance of adaptability and flexibility in leadership
10. The impact of authentic leadership on organizational culture and employee engagement.
11. The relationship between servant leadership and organizational success
12. The role of leadership in driving innovation and....

Measuring Leadership Effectiveness

Quantitative Metrics:

Performance Reviews: Objective assessments of team performance, productivity, and goal achievement, often based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
Employee Satisfaction Surveys: Feedback from employees on leadership style, communication, and support, providing insights into employee morale and engagement.
Financial Data: Measurable financial outcomes, such as revenue growth, profitability, and cost reductions, can indicate the impact of leadership on organizational success.

Qualitative Metrics:

360-Degree Feedback: Comprehensive assessments from superiors, peers, and subordinates, providing a holistic view of leadership strengths and areas for improvement.
Observational Studies: Direct observation of leaders in action, focusing on communication, decision-making, and interactions with others.
....

Yes, there are several recent studies and articles that discuss the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership styles and job satisfaction. For example, a study published in the Journal of Management found that employees who experienced transformational leadership had higher levels of job satisfaction compared to those under transactional leadership. Similarly, a Forbes article highlighted the benefits of implementing a transformational leadership style in organizations, citing increased employee engagement and job satisfaction as key outcomes.

This topic could make a good essay subject because it explores the impact of different leadership styles on employee attitudes and behaviors. By examining the existing....