Nursing theory drew much attention in the last century, and it continues to drive professional expansion and growth in nursing today. This text covers some of the theorists in the field of nursing, and their works. The nurses of the past provided great healing service to patients; however, much of the knowledge they passed down was mainly functional and skills based (Alligood, n.d.). While several of the practices were quite effective, they weren't grounded on solid evidence or widely tested. Their usage was also not uniform across the board. The twentieth century saw leaders in the nursing industry seek to develop nursing theory and knowledge to guide nursing practice, improve the quality of patient care, and improve the stature of nursing as a profession.
A -- Mid-Range Theory -- Theory of Caring by Kristen Swanson
ackground of the Theorist
Kristen M. Swanson is a distinguished academician that has worked as the Dean of…...
mlaBibliography
Alligood, M.R. (n.d.). Introduction to Nursing Theory: Its History, Significance, and Analysis .
Anderson, G. (2008, June 27). Examining the extent to which Swanson's theory of caring and Carper's ways of knowing can be identified in midwife-led care. Retrieved from www.rcm.org.uk: https://www.rcm.org.uk/news-views-and-analysis/analysis/examining-the-extent-to-which-swanson%E2%80%99s-theory-of-caring-and-carper
Benner, P. & Wrubel, J. (1989). The primacy of caring stress and coping in health and illness. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.
Benton, K. (2013, November 12). Swanson's theory of Caring. Retrieved from www.prezi.com: https://prezi.com/7ry9-0iawrst/swansons-theory-of-caring/
In applying this article to the nursing field, it appears that combining therapies with surgery can enhance care to surgical patients. he article reaction is preoperative anxiety can be reduced with holistic nursing.
Rosenberg, S. (2006). Utilizing the Language of Jean Watson's Caring heory Within a Computerized Clinical Documentation System. CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.
his article describes and critiques a healthcare facility that was part of an eight-hospital organization that adopted Watson's theory of caring as part of their nursing philosophy. It provides an overview of the caring theory and its many meanings. Rosenberg critiques the caring theory, stating that during the implementation of the theory within the setting described, it was noted that there was no mechanism in the current documentation system for clinical nursing staff to document the patient experience using any language specific to the theory. As a result, the nurses at the healthcare facility decided to develop…...
mlaThe study analyzed the perception of caring behaviors of hospitalized antepartum and short-stay postpartum patients. The study method used consisted of an exploratory, comparative survey design to describe and compare similarities and differences in perception of caring behaviors between forty-two patients. The patients completed a 63-item Caring Behavior Assessment instrument on a seven category scale based on Watson's theory of caring. The study results found no significant differences in age, education, gravida, or para between the two groups; no significant differences or correlations in the total Caring Behavior Assessment scores and the demographic variables; and no significant differences in total Caring Behavior Assessment scores were found between antepartum participants and postpartum participants. The researchers concluded that their findings corroborate the results of "caring" studies in other patient populations. The application and reaction to nursing is that satisfying basic needs is more important to patients than meeting higher order needs.
Swanson-Kauffman, K. (1986). Caring in the instance of early unexpected pregnancy loss. Topics in Clinical Nursing (July):37-47.
Swanson conducted a study of twenty women who experienced miscarriages prior to 16 weeks of gestation. The research method used were two personal interviews with each woman in which the conversations were tape recorded. After the taping, the interviews were analyzed to develop categories that captured the human experience of miscarriage and the caring needs of the women. The study applies to nursing in that it attempted to empirically' define and conceptualize caring and direct the attention of care providers to some of the common ways in which mothers who miscarried wished to be cared for. The study analyzed Watson's theory of caring in examining what constitutes caring in the instance of miscarriage. The study concluded that caring in this instance is conveyed by knowing, being with, doing for and enabling recovery. The reaction to this early article is that it provides a positive groundwork for future studies of women recovering from a traumatic event.
Jean atson's Theory Of Caring
Iconic nursing leader and theorist Jean atson established an innovative and much-needed component to the field of nursing which she refers to as a caring theory. This paper uses atson's theories and examples of what she called "a caring moment" in the context of fully discussing nursing from atson's point-of-view.
Major components and background of atson's theory
"atson (1988) defines caring as the moral ideal of nursing whereby the end is protection, enhancement, and preservation of human dignity… [caring] involves values, a will, and a commitment to care, knowledge, caring actions and consequences" (Cohen, 1991, p. 899).
In her 1999 book, Nursing: Human Science and Human Care: A Theory of Nursing, atson makes clear that "Nursing science" needs to move away from "homogeneity of thinking" and find breakthrough ideas that are workable and based on the science of nursing. That said, atson believes there have been "…some conceptual inconsistencies"…...
mlaWorks Cited
Cohen, Judith A. (1991). Two portraits of caring: a comparison of the artists, Leininger and Watson. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 16(8), 899-909.
Suliman, Wafika A., Welmann, Elizabeth, Omer, Tagwa, and Thomas, Laisamma. (2009).
Applying Watson's Nursing Theory to Assess Patient Perceptions of Being Cared for in a Multicultural Environment. Journal of Nursing Research, 17(4), 293-300.
Watson, Jean. (2009). Caring Science and Human Caring Theory: Transforming Personal and Professional Practices of Nursing and Health Care. Journal of Health & Human Services
Jean Watson's Theory Of Caring
A TOTAL HEALING EXPERIENCE
Jean Watson's Theory of Caring
Every person or patient has needs, which must be uniquely recognized, respected, and filled in the quest for healing and wholeness. Caring for the patient not only enhances recovery in any mysterious way. It can also be demonstrated and practiced by those who care for patients, especially nurses. Caring occurs in an environment, which accepts the patient as a distinct being with distinct and unique potentials (Al-Sharmi, 2010; Conway et al., 2011). Caring promotes health better than simply curing an illness. It promotes growth through the patient's potentials. Caring is also central to nursing (Al-Sharmi). These basic principles form the core of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring.
Watson conceived her Theory of Human Caring while she was teaching at the University of Colorado in 1975 to 1979 (Conway et al., 2011). It evolved from her personal views on nursing…...
mlaBIBLIOGRAPHY
Al-Shamri, K.F. (2010). The evolution of nursing theory. King Saud University.
Retrieved on February 5, 2011 from http://faculty/ksu.edu.sa/26606/Documents/nursing_theory.pdf
Cara, C. (1999). A pragmatic view of Jean Watson's Caring Theory. Faculty of Nursing:
University of Montreal. Retrieved on February 5, 2011 from http://www.humancaring.org/conted/Pragmatic%20View.doc
Theory Description and Incorporation
It is important for nurses to have both clinical and personal skills when practicing their profession. The importance of creating and maintaining a disciplined schedule of hourly nurse rounds can be very productive in reducing falls, pressure ulcers and diminish call light use which ultimately leads to a rise in patient satisfaction. There is much evidence to support this argument and the Theory of Human Caring introduced by Jean Watson provides a solid rationale to base this model upon to support this hypothesis.
This comprehensive theory provides a personal approach that describes why nurses' personal care approach can be practically effective. The theory is based upon the idea that kindness and a loving approach within the clinical setting can be extremely effective in improving patient care quality. The…...
mlaReferences
Watson, M.J. (1988). New dimensions of human caring theory. Nursing science quarterly, 1(4), 175-181.
Watson, J., & Foster, R. (2003). The Attending Nurse Caring Model®: integrating theory, evidence and advanced caring -- healing therapeutics for transforming professional practice. Journal of clinical nursing, 12(3), 360-365.
Systems Theory
Discuss relationship systems theory healthcare deliver U.S. - What current concepts healthcare explained helped a system theory approach? - What system theory? - How researchers (Ludwig von Bertalanffy Everett M.
Systems theory and diffusion of innovation theory
Systems theory
Systems theory was not specifically designed to cope with the challenges of the U.S. healthcare system, although it has been frequently applied to some of its issues. Systems theory was originally coined by the scientist Ludwig von Bertalanffy to sum up his idea that the 'whole' of systems -- both biological and otherwise -- were larger than the sum of their parts. According to von Bertalanffy, "in the past, science tried to explain observable phenomena by reducing them to an interplay of elementary units investigable independently of each other, conceptions appear in contemporary science that are concerned with what is somewhat vaguely termed 'wholeness', i.e. problems of organization, phenomena not resolvable into local…...
mlaResources
Diffusion of innovation theory. (2013). University of Twente. Retrieved:
This website contains excerpts from E.M. Rogers' work on diffusion of innovation theory, along with a helpful graphical representation of how the information is disseminated.
Kaminski, J. (Spring 2011).Diffusion of innovation theory. Canadian Journal of Nursing.
Caring
When most people are asked 'what do nurses do," there is a strong likelihood that the word 'caring' will arise in the conversation. Many nurses, particularly new nurses, identify caring as one of the personal qualities that attracted them to the profession. However, caring can be a very nebulous concept, as even non-nurses give 'care' to others and non-nurses can be 'caring' people. Nursing, in an effort to create an empirical and academic basis for itself as a discipline has fought against the idea that nursing is just about caring. However, it cannot 'ignore' the idea of caring, given that one of the concepts that distinguishes nursing from other forms of medical care is its patient-centric and individualistic perspective.
I have chosen caring as the concept I will focus on in this paper, with a specific focus on Jean Watson's Theory of Caring, given that it is one of the…...
mlaReferences
Cara, Chantal. (2011).A pragmatic view of Jean Watson's caring theory.
Universite de Montreal. Retrieved www.humancaring.org/conted/Pragmatic%20View.doc
Giguere, Barbara. (2002). Assessing and measuring caring in nursing and health science. Nursing Education Perspectives. Retrieved http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3317/is_6_23/ai_n28962844/
Gross, Terry. (2011). Grant Achatz: The chef who lost his sense of taste. Fresh Air. NPR.
Caring for ody and Soul
Critiquing Research Report
Modern nursing practice has focused more and more on treating the whole person, through four domains (Chan, 2009). These are physical, mental, social, and spiritual. Of the four, the spiritual domain is the most neglected. A retrospective study recently found that nurses with religious beliefs are more likely to extend spiritual care. The greater their spiritual perceptions, the more frequently they include a spiritual dimension to their care of patients (Chan). However, not many nurses are able to extend care in this domain.
Jean Watson's Theory of caring is applied as theoretical framework. Her concept sees caring as a process of transpersonal caring. It is something exceeding the self and recognizing the relationship as "mutual and reciprocal (Goliath, 2008)." It is in this environment that the nurse connects with the patient under his specific circumstances. Watson uses 10 carative factors in applying her theory.
This…...
mlaBIBLIOGRAPHY
Chan, MF. (2009). Factors affecting nursing staff in practicing spiritual care. Vol 19
Journal of Clinical Nursing: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Deal, B. (2010). A pilot study of nurses' experience of giving spiritual care. Vol 15 # 4
The Qualitative Report: Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved on May 18, 2011
Introduction
Theory guides practice. This is true of many things, but is especially true of nursing. While many processes, actions, and rules are involved in becoming a great nurse, understanding and applying theory must be the most important aspect. Nursing theory allows for one to examine concepts and then attempt practical application of these concepts when theories are tested. Evidence-based practice for example, is the wonderful lovechild of theory and application in that when theories are constructed, they are then tested, and if they work, are applied to standard practice via modification. This essay aims to provide a deeper synthesis of nursing theory by examining two important nursing theories: Orem's Self-care Theory and Watsons Nursing Theory. Additionally, one will see how nursing theory has evolved since its beginnings.
Background on Nursing Theory
Many say nursing is as old as humankind. If there was someone sick, there was someone willing to take care of…...
Theory vs. Creativity in Design
Leaders have a task of moving the organization forward in a fashion that is supported by all stakeholders. After allocating resources to bolster organizational success, leaders must primarily assess and accept the risks related innovation. Innovation includes accepting new management theories to replace the outdated philosophies widely incorporated into an organization's procedures and policies over time (American Evaluation Association, 2004). This study aims to identify, discuss, and recommend strategies to create tension between existing management theories and management's ability to create new business paradigms. The study will also identify and discuss stakeholder attitudes towards innovation, ethics, and inclusion as primary drivers of a successful organization. While focusing on innovation and ethics, the study will suggest ways in which organizational leadership can prepare a company for the future and current environmental changes.
How leaders integrate innovative principles while adhering to industry and market mandates
Integrity and honesty: Organizations must…...
mlaReferences
American Evaluation Association. (2004). American evaluators association guiding principles for evaluators. American Evaluation Association. Retrieved from http://www.eval.org/p/cm/ld/fid=51
Bogan, C.E., & English, M.J. (2010). Benchmarking for best practices: Winning through innovative adaptation. New York [u.a.: McGraw-Hill.
Burton, R.M. (2008). Designing organizations: 21st century approaches. New York: Springer.
DiMaggio, P. (2011). The twenty-first-century firm: Changing economic organization in international perspective. Princeton, NJ [u.a.: Princeton Univ. Press.
Care work or social work akin with any other human endeavor has a host of different perspectives that are used either in unison or in combination to direct it.
Its dominant perspectives are the following:
ystem theory
This is the view that all systems interact and that when, for instance, one works with a patient one needs to involve the family and community too and take all of the patient "s life into consideration for each impacts the other. The whole works as a holistic whole and, for instance, the child's school can effect the child as much as the child can the teacher and so forth. ystems have interrelated parts, and tend towards equilibrium.
Care workers use this system in a practical way by forging networks between the different ecosystems (for instance between child's school, community, and family) and by drawing ecomaps and genograms for understanding the dynamics of a patient's life. The…...
mlaSource
OVERVIEW OF THEORIES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR & THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
This view drastically alters the understanding of the situation of the Ugandan abductees, as represented in the documentary Invisible Children. While there are definitely issues of justice at work in the scenario, there is also a fundamental failure within the communities to protect their children from the rebels, and a failure in the relationship with these rebels to help everyone work towards each other's mutual benefice. Though the rebel army is ostensibly attempting to overthrow the Ugandan government, it appears as though many if not most of the rebels' acts of violence are directed towards the poor and underdeveloped populations form which the rebels themselves came, many of them as abducted children themselves -- the majority of them still children, in fact, as few of them live into adulthood and new kidnapped conscripts regularly replenish the troops. An understanding of the true ills at work in the society that produce…...
Theory-Guided Practice
A relationship exists between theories, research, practical application, and education. The latter three, in fact, ought to be directed by the former. Further, research works inform education as well as practical application through offering evidences for nursing instruction- and care provision- related best practices. Education forms the context for learning. Educators need to base their teaching on scholarly evidences in the areas of learning/teaching, learning/teaching theories, and practice arena requirements. Practice contexts are where learners are taught, patients are provided evidence-based care, and nurses acquire experiences to aid them in formulating novel nursing theories and topics for future studies. Theory is the foundation for:
· How to learn and teach nursing concepts like nursing theories, brain-based education, neurocognitive studies, principles/frameworks, learning approaches, adult learning models, and educational models.
· How to frame researches and understand findings within professional settings, and how to develop the profession for ensuring most efficient practice.
· How…...
Theory Management Organization Development
Theory and Management of Organization Development
I work for a medium-sized company that provides services to more than 500 clients. The company was founded by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the company and has been in operation for more than a decade now. In particular, I work for the IT department of my organization as an IT/network administrator. In essence, my main task is to ensure that different devices across different departments in the organization are connected together to create networks that are not only fast, but also efficient. More so, I am accountable for maintaining the links and solving any issues that might come about with regard to computer networks.
One of the issues perceived within the job realm is compensation handed towards the employees within the IT department. It is imperative to point out that the IT department is well structured and fitted with proper and…...
mlaReferences
Cummings, T., & Worley, C. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning.
French, W. L., Bell, C. (1999). Organization Development: Behavioral Science Interventions for Organization Improvement (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
"Studies of the relationship between managed care penetration in the health care market and expenditures for Medicare fee-for-service enrollees have demonstrated the existence of these types of spill over effects" (Bundorf et al., 2004).
Managed care organizations generate these types of spillover effects by increasing competition in the health care market, altering the arrangement of the health care delivery system, and altering physician practice patterns. Studies have found that higher levels of managed care infiltration are linked with lower rates of hospital cost inflation and lower physician fees are consistent with competitive effects. "Other studies demonstrate the impact of managed care on delivery system structure including hospital capacity, hospital admission patterns, the size and composition of the physician workforce and the adoption and use of medical equipment and technologies. More recent evidence has linked market-level managed care activity to the process, but not the outcomes of care" (Bundorf et al.,…...
mlaReferences
Altman, D.E. And L. Levin. (2005). The Sad History of Health Care Cost Containment as
Told by One Client. Health Affairs, 24(1).
Bodenheimer, T. (2005). High and rising health care costs. part 1: Seeking an explanation.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 142(10), 847-54.
Essay Topic 1:
The Impact of Bonnie Duldt's Theory of Caring on Nursing Practice
Explore the key concepts of Duldt's Theory of Caring and its implications for nursing practice.
Analyze how the theory guides nurses' interactions with patients, families, and colleagues.
Discuss the practical applications of the theory in various nursing roles and settings.
Essay Topic 2:
The Ethical Implications of Bonnie Duldt's Theory of Caring
Examine the ethical principles embedded within Duldt's Theory of Caring.
Explore the ways in which the theory promotes respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence.
Discuss the ethical challenges that nurses may face in applying the theory....
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