Trans-Theoretical Model for Health Behaviors
The adoption of a healthier and new clinical behavior consists of multiple factors. The oger's diffusion theory is helpful in adopting specific clinical health behaviors. oger identifies compatibility, relative advantages, complexity, observability, and trialability as the elements that determine a change clinical behavior. (Sanson-Fisher, 2004).

Moreover, the TTM ("Trans-theoretical Model of Behavioral Change") (James & Wayne, 1997 p 38) is one of the most popular theoretical models used to modify a health behavior. The TTM focuses on decision-making with reference to the abilities of an individual rather biological and social influences on human behavior. The paper uses the TTM for the implementation plan for heathier changes of diabetes patients.

Overview of the TTM

The trans-theoretical model of health behavioral changes involves six changes: Contemplation, preparation, pre-contemplation, maintenance, action and termination. In essence, the model assesses the individual readiness to employ a healthier behavior as well providing a process…...

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Reference

Campbell, J. (2012). Diabetes Empowerment. Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics, 14

(7), 630-634.

James O. P. & Wayne, F. V. (1997) The Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior Change. American Journal of Health Promotion.12 (1):38-48.

Lach, H.W. Everard, K.M. Hisghstein, G. et al. (2004). Application of the Transtheoretical Model to Health Education for Older Adults. Health Promotion Practice. 5 (1): 88-93.

Path Diagrams of Research Models
Business

This current research developed and tested a model of work engagement contagion in which the organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and competitive behaviors of coworkers influence employees' engagement with their jobs. In a sample of 1,422 departments of an insurance firm, multilevel analysis revealed that coworkers' OCBs and competitive behaviors explain variance in individual work engagement over and above that explained by other individual and group-level predictors. Broadly speaking, these results suggest that coworkers' OCBs and competitive behaviors play critical roles in explaining why people are more engaged with their work. Implications are discussed.

Hypothesis 1: Coworkers' OCB is positively related to work engagement.

Hypothesis 2: Coworkers' competitive behaviors mediate the positive relationship between coworkers' OCBs and focal employee work engagement.

OCB (+1) WORK ENGAGEMENT

OCB (+2) COMPETITVE BEHAVIORS WORK ENGAGEMENT

The OCB's are the independent variables. The employees' competitive behaviors are the mediators. The dependent variables are the employee work engagement…...

Change
Transtheoretical Model of Change

"Process your thoughts about the stages of change and the processes associated with each stage. How might this information impact your work with clients? How might this information assist you with treatment planning? Do you think it is usual with all clients or only particular populations? "

One thing that immediately stood out in the article, was the assumption that all major counseling theories may be viewed as having two basic similarities; they draw attention to their respective processes of change and their respective interventions (Petroceli, 2002). hen people enter into any kind of counseling program they are intending to change some behavior that has become problematic for one reason or another. There are a variety of different methods that a practitioner could use to attempt to modify behaviors and it is reasonable to assume that in different circumstances, some types of interventions may work better than…...

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Works Cited

Petroceli, J. (2002). Processes and stages of change: Counseling with the transtheoretical model of change. Journal of Couseling and Development, 22-31.

SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WOK Sociology and Social Work: Case Study Paper- Models of Family TherapyIdentification of Family SystemDemographicsFamily name: The Grape Family from the movie Whats Eating Gilbert Grape?Family ethnicity: CaucasianFamily SESS: Low socioeconomic status since they live in a small town in Iowa, facing the repercussions of a restructured American economy (Denton, 2018).Number of family members: 5Family member names and ages: Bonnie (the mother- age 54 years), Ellen (the elder sister- age 16 years), Gilbert (elder brother- age 24 years), Amy (younger sister- age 34 years), and Arnie (younger brother- age 18 years).eason for Social Work InvolvementFrom the familys perspective, they seek treatment for physical, psychological, and social burdens that they face from the chronic illness of one family member, Arnie. The circumstances show that the physical burden has increased upon the shoulders of Gilbert and Amy while taking care of Arnie.They seem to show a willingness to work…...

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ReferencesCalatrava, M., Martins, M.V., Schweer-Collins, M., Duch-Ceballos, C., & Rodriguez-Gonzalez, M. (2022). Differentiation of self: A scoping review of Bowen family systems theory’s core construct. Clinical Psychology Review, 91.   S. (2018). After the farm crisis: The critique of neoliberal society in What’s Eating Gilbert Grape? Film Criticism, 42(1).  https://doi.org/10.3998/fc.13761232.0042.103 Dolz-Del-Castellar, B., & Oliver, J. (2021). Relationship between family functioning, differentiation of self and anxiety in Spanish young adults. PloS One, 16(3), e0246875.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246875 Goldenberg, I., Stanton, M. & Goldenberg, H. (2017). Family therapy: An overview (9th Edition). Cengage Learning. Haefner, J. (2014). An application of Bowen family systems theory. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 35, 835-841. https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2014.921257Johnson, B.E. & Ray, W. (2016). Family systems theory. John Wiley & Sons. Kaplan, S. G., Arnold, E. M., Irby, M. B., Boles, K. A., & Skelton, J. A. (2014). Family systems theory and obesity treatment: Applications for clinicians. Infant, Child & Adolescent Nutrition, 6(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941406413516001https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102101 Denton,

Criminal Acts and Offender Behavior
Theoretical Dimensions of Criminal Behavior

Laws exist to maintain order and peace and provide for the safety and well-being of all members of society. Acts that disrupt and threaten this system of order are deemed criminal in nature and are therefore punishable by law. The psychology of criminal behavior addresses the thought processes that result in deviant acts and the motivations that drive them. It is believed that criminal types operate from a self-centered framework that shows little, if any regard, for the safety and well-being of others (Merton, 1968).

There are generally three broad theoretical models of criminal behavior: biological, psychological, and sociological. Most theoretical models overlap in their analysis and point to the genetic predisposition of some individuals toward criminal behavior, as well as environmental influences (Morley & Hall, 2003). Most commonly both play a part in developing a person's tendency to engage in criminal activity.…...

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References

Holmes, S.E., Slaughter, J.R., & Kashani, J. (2001). Risk factors in childhood that lead to the development of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 31, 183-193.

Merton, Robert K. (1968). Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Free Press.

Morley, K., & Hall, W. (2003). Is there a genetic susceptibility to engage in criminal acts? Australian Institute of Criminology: Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 263, 1-6.

Raine, A. (2002). The biological basis of crime. In J.Q Wilson & J. Petrsilia (Eds.) Crime: Public policies for crime control. Oakland: ICS Press.

Leadership effectiveness is a measure of the success with which leaders guide organizations toward the achievement of their goals. The application of leadership effectiveness can vary significantly depending on the context, ranging from corporate settings to non-profit organizations, and from small teams to large multinational enterprises. Key factors that influence leadership effectiveness include the leader's traits and behaviors, the characteristics of followers, the nature of the tasks being performed, and the organizational and environmental context (Northouse, 2018).
One of the primary models used to understand leadership effectiveness is the trait approach, which suggests that certain individuals have inborn characteristics that predispose them to be effective leaders. esearchers have identified traits such as intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability as being positively correlated with successful leadership (Kirkpatrick and Locke, 1991). However, while the trait approach offers insight into potential leadership qualities, it does not account for situational variables that can significantly impact…...

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References

Albrecht, K. (2006). Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships. John Wiley & Sons.

Bass, B. M. (1999). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership.

Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: Strategies for Taking Charge. HarperCollins.

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row.

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing:
Nursing can be described as a science and practice that enlarges adaptive capabilities and improves the transformation of an individual and the environment. This profession focuses on promoting health, improving the quality of life, and facilitating dying with dignity. The nursing profession has certain theoretical foundations that govern the nurses in promoting adaptation for individuals and groups. These theoretical foundations include theories, theory integration, reflection, research and practice, and assimilation.

Grand Nursing Theory:

There are several grand nursing theories that were developed by various theorists including the Science of Unitary Human Beings by Martha ogers, Sister Callista oy's Adaptation Model, and Systems Model by Betty Neuman. Sister Callista oy's Adaptation Model is based on the consideration of the human being as an open system. She argues that the system reacts to environmental stimuli via cognator and regulator coping techniques for individuals. On the other hand, the stabilizer and innovator…...

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References:

American Sentinel (2012). 5 Steps for Nurses to Stay Updated with Health Care Changes.

Retrieved September 4, 2013, from  http://www.nursetogether.com/5-steps-for-nurses-to-stay-updated-with-health-care-changes 

Andershed, B. & Olsson, K. (2009). Review of Research Related to Kristen Swanson's Middle-range Theory of Caring. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 23, 598-610.

"Application of Theory in Nursing Process." (2012, January 28). Nursing Theories: A

Healthcare Reform Models
Health Care Reform Models

Preventive Psychiatry

Shim and colleagues (2012) argue for taking advantage of provisions within the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 that emphasizes preventive and integrated care. They propose that the primary care setting is ideal for screening patients for signs of mental illness and associated risk factors. A mental health wellness program could also include coaches and other experts that interface with patients on an individual basis, including at the patient's home.

Long-Term Behavioral Health Care

Bao and colleagues (2012) examined four patient populations defined by disease severity and ability to pay, and then assessed how these four groups will fare under the behavioral health provisions in the ACA. Patients with private insurance and suffering from mild to moderate mental illness will probably receive the best care at a Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH). The authors suggest that the presence of comorbid conditions of sufficient severity…...

Nursing Concepts and Theory
Conceptual-Theoretical Structure paper

Personal belief about nursing theory and knowledge development process for nursing practice

All nursing theories play an important role in defining nursing and giving the roles that nurses need to play. Originally, the role of nurses was simply to carry out activities as instructed by doctors, however, over the years, this role has been changed to include more responsibilities as the nursing world has evolved. Nursing theories describe, predict and explain the various phenomena in nursing practice and thus create foundations for nursing practice. They also help to generate knowledge in the field of nursing and to point the direction which the field should develop in future. This view is supported by Carper (1978)

who states that nursing theories elaborate nursing practice and create professional boundaries for the profession. Nursing knowledge comes from research that has been conducted on nursing which forms scientific knowledge and experience gained…...

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References

Anderson, A.M. (2005). Nursing Leadership, Management, and Professional Practice for the LPN/LVN (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.

Carper, B. (1978). Fundamental patterns of knowing in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 1(1), 13-23.

Clark, M.J. (2003). Community health nursing: Caring for populations (Fourth ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Dayer-Berenson, L. (2010). Cultural Competencies for Nurses: Impact on Health and Illness. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Attitude-Influence model of reading involves teaching good attitudes about reading in an effort to influence how children feel about the reading experience. Attitude was chosen as the most important component of the model because it plays such a strong role in research done on a psychological level. However, attitude can be hard to measure, because it is very subjective and can fluctuate wildly. That is one of the cons of the attitude-influence model, and one of the cons of attempting to address attitude in general when it comes to research. However, in this model, attitude is not all that is considered. Influence is also very important. Influence means how a person is influenced to read and how he or she sees reading. If a person's attitude is good but there is no influence, reading might not take place. The same is true if the attitude is bad but there is…...

Theoretical Strips
Tracy is a thirteen-year-old, Caucasian female, who is being raised by her mother, Melanie in Los Angeles. Also living in the home is Tracy's older brother Mason, who is fifteen. Tracy's parents are divorced, with Melanie as custodial parent. Tracy is in regular contact by telephone with her father, Travis, who is now remarried with a new baby. Travis is employed with a decent salary but has suffered periods of unemployment in the past; Melanie is a high-school dropout who receives child support but otherwise makes a basic subsistence income as a hairdresser for children and women, operating out of her own home. She is a recovering alcoholic who attends weekly A.A. meetings, but most of her social circle is from the recovery movement. For example, Melanie's boyfriend Brady, who is about ten years younger than Melanie but still substantially older than the children, also regularly stays at…...

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Works Cited

Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V.S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press.

Freud, S. (1963). The unconscious. Standard edition Vol. 14. London: Hogarth Press.

Gardner, S. (1991). The unconscious. In Neu, J. (Ed.) The Cambridge companion to Freud. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Greene, R. (2008). General systems theory. In Greene, R. (Ed.) Human behavior theory and social work practice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 165-193.

DCT
Dual Coding Theory (DCT) was originally developed for memory research. The basic notion is that images and words influence memory differently. DCT has been applied to reading and has been used to improve reading programs. The assertion is that learning to read a new word is more efficient if more than one part of the brain is activated, by paring verbal and nonverbal codes. Verbal code would be language in any form; nonverbal codes are tangible objects, pictures, feelings, and events. If one code is forgotten, the second code can serve as a backup during word retrieval. By paring written words, pronunciations, pictures, and experience we are focusing on all levels of processing in DCT which fosters learning. The following paper describes the basic elements of DCT.

According to Dual Coding Theory (DCT) information is represented in the brain via both verbal and imagined codes (Paivio, 1971). These two codes organize…...

Nursing Theorist: Sr. oy Adaptation Model
The oy Adaptation model for Nursing had its beginning when Sister Callista oy happened to get admitted in the Masters Program of pediatric nursing in the University of California, Los Angeles, in the year 1964. At that time, Sr. Callista was familiar with the idea of 'adaptation' in nursing, and it must be mentioned that Sr. Callista's adviser at that time was Dorothy E. Johnson, who believed firmly in the need to define nursing as a means of focusing the development of knowledge, for the practice of nursing. When Sr. Callista oy started working with children in the pediatric ward of the hospital, she was quite impressed with the basic resiliency of the small children who had been admitted into the wards for treatment. This was why when the first seminar in pediatric nursing was called for; Sr. Callista oy proposed that the basic goal…...

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REFERENCES

"Callista Roy's Adaptation Model" Retrieved From

Accessed 28 October, 2005http://www.geocities.com/ninquiry2002/callistaroy

'Case Study" Retrieved From

Accessed 28 October, 2005http://www.geocities.com/ninquiry2002/casestudy.html

Psychoanalytic Model (Object elations)
In this paper, the object relations psychoanalytic model will be employed for solving a family issue; the family in question is taken from movie. The paper will further delineate key object relations concepts, the theory's assumptions, and its application to the aforementioned movie.

The chosen model

The object relations concept is a variant of the psychoanalytic theory, which deviates from the idea held by Sigmund Freud that mankind is driven by acts of aggression and that of sexual drives. Instead, psychoanalytic theory proposes the notion that man is primarily driven by a need to forge relationships with others (i.e. contact). Object relations therapists aim to aid clients in uncovering early mental pictures that can further any current problems in their associations with other people, and adapt them to improve interpersonal performance.

Basic Concepts in Object elations

The word 'object' in the object relations concept does not denote inanimate things but rather,…...

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References

Balk, D. (1996). Models for understanding adolescent coping with bereavement. Death Studies, 20: 367-387.

___. (1990). The self-concepts of bereaved adolescents: Sibling death and its aftermath. Journal of Adolescent Research, 5(1): 112-132.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books.

Daniel, V. (2007, October). Object Relations Theory. Retrieved from Sonoma State University:  https://www.sonoma.edu/users/d/daniels/objectrelations.html

Psychoanalytic Model (Object elations)
The object relations concept is a variant of the psychoanalytic theory, which deviates from the idea held by Sigmund Freud that mankind is driven by aggressive and sexual drives. Instead, psychoanalytic theory puts forward the notion that man is primarily driven by a need to forge relationships with others (i.e. contact). Object relations therapists aim to aid clients in uncovering early mental pictures that can further any current problems in their associations with other people, and adapt them so as to improve interpersonal performance.

Basic Concepts in Object elations

The word 'object' in the object relations concept does not denote inanimate things but rather, it refers to significant individuals with whom one relates -- often, one's father, mother, or a primary caregiver. This term is also sometimes employed in referring to some part of an individual (e.g., the mental depictions of the important people in life, the mother's breast,…...

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References

Good therapy. (2016, May 9). Who Practices Object Relations? Retrieved from GoodTherapy.org:  http://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/object-relations 

IPI. (2016). Object Relations Therapy. Retrieved from International Psychotherapy Institute:  http://www.theipi.org/about-ipi/teaching-philosophy/36-general/about-ipi/82-object-relations-therapy 

Scharff, J., & Scharff, D. (1992). Scharff Notes: A Primer of Object Relations Therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.

Emotional Development: A Comprehensive Examination

Introduction:
Emotional development, the gradual acquisition of the ability to express and regulate emotions, is a crucial aspect of human growth and well-being. This essay aims to explore the multifaceted nature of emotional development, examining the research, theories, and historical perspectives that have shaped our understanding of this complex process.

Research-Based Perspective:
Contemporary research has provided significant insights into the mechanisms underlying emotional development. Studies in neurobiology have identified specific brain regions and pathways involved in emotional processing, such as the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. Cognitive theories have emphasized the role of cognitive appraisals, beliefs, and expectations in....

Outlining an Astronomy Essay: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

1. Attention-grabbing hook: Begin with a captivating sentence or question that piques the reader's interest in astronomy.
2. Background information: Provide context about the topic and its relevance.
3. Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument or viewpoint of the essay.

Body Paragraph 1: The Vastness of the Cosmos

1. Topic sentence: Discuss the immense scale of the universe, including galaxies, stars, planets, and other celestial objects.
- Provide specific examples and statistics to illustrate the vastness.
2. Evidence: Use scientific data, observations, and theories to support the claims.
- Cite reputable sources and avoid making unsubstantiated statements.
3. Analysis:....

The Role of Abstraction in Mathematical Physics

In the realm of physics, the quest to understand the fundamental laws that govern the universe often leads us to the doorstep of abstract mathematics. Mathematical abstractions provide a powerful tool for capturing the essence of physical phenomena, allowing us to develop theoretical models that describe and predict their behavior. This essay explores the crucial role of abstraction in mathematical physics, examining how the interplay between abstract mathematical concepts and physical principles has shaped our understanding of the universe.

The Power of Symbolic Representation

Abstract mathematics, with its symbols, equations, and logical structures, offers a language....

I. Introduction
A. Definition of reading comprehension
B. Importance of reading comprehension in education
II. Theoretical Framework
A. Theoretical models of reading comprehension
B. Factors influencing reading comprehension
III. Strategies for Teach Reading Comprehension
A. Pre-reading strategies
B. During reading strategies
C. Post-reading strategies
IV. Assessing Reading Comprehension
A. Types of reading comprehension assessment
B. Importance of ongoing assessment
V. Common Challenges in Teaching Reading Comprehension
A. Students with reading difficulties
B. Lack of resources or support
VI. Professional Development for Teachers
A. Training in effective reading comprehension strategies
B. Collaboration with colleagues
VII. Conclusion
A. Recap of key points
B. Importance of continuous improvement in....