Theoretical Approaches:
There are several theoretical approaches that have been developed by different personality theorists that focus on explaining the uniqueness of individuals. These theories have particularly been developed in the field of personality psychology that includes some popular thinkers or theorists like Sigmund Freud. Since these theories provide different approaches to understanding personality, they have been classified into different categories based on their focus and the psychologists who developed them. Some of the most common categories of personality theories include biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, trait, and humanistic and existential theories. In addition, some of the most common theoretical approaches in the personality psychology field include dispositional, learning, psychodynamic, and humanistic and existential theories or approaches.

Dispositional Theories:

The development of dispositional theories can be attributed to the work of Gordon Allport who stressed on the distinctiveness of the individual unlike any other personality theorist. Allport focused on an individual's uniqueness because of his…...

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References:

Feist, J. & Feist, G. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed., pp.373-437). New York, NY:

McGraw-Hill Education.

Woodward, W.M. (n.d.). Humanistic-Existential Theory: A Group Theory Paper. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from  http://www.thedivinesoul.net/pdfdocuments/humanisticexistentialtheory.pdf

Theoretical approaches to ethics.
Normative ethical theory

Normative ethics is the descriptor that is applied to the entire caliber of a certain perspective of ethics that has various sub-categories to it. As general definition, normative ethics is the term given to the moral investigation that queries how one should act in an ethical manner. To this end, a quantity of ethical systems exists that seek to answer that question. To differentiate normative ethics from other philosophical ethical theories, meta-ethics, for instance, attempts to objectively examine standards for right and wrong in a comparative, phenomenological manner, whilst descriptive ethics -- another brand of ethics is an empirical investigation of people's moral beliefs.

Normative ethics may also be called 'prescriptive' since it recommends a certain moral route of conduct for an individual. So, for instance, descriptive ethics would be concerned with investigating and describing the proportion of people that hold ethnic discrimination to be unjust,…...

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Reference

Baggini, Julian. The Ethics Toolkit: A Compendium of Ethical Concepts and Methods Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. Print.

philosophy.lander.edu Morals, Ethics, and Metaethics Ethics. Retrieved on 7/8/2011 from:

 http://philosophy.lander.edu/ethics/types.html

Theoretical Approach to Generational Poverty
Poverty is one of the most pressing social problems and the generational nature of poverty remains one of the reasons it is so difficult to eradicate poverty. While there are several different theories suggesting why poverty is transmitted from generation to generation and theorists sometimes strongly disagree on those reasons, there is almost universal acceptance of the idea that poverty is transmitted from one generation to another. In fact, there has been a significant amount of study directed at chronic poverty in the developed and developing countries. This research suggests that while poverty may be simplistically defined as a lack of money, the problem of poverty actually addresses the "absence of transfer of different forms of capital: human, social-cultural, social-political, financial/material and environmental/natural" (Moore, 2001). This more complex definition of poverty helps explain why simply providing financial resources to a family does not generally fix the…...

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References

Andrisani, P. (1977). Internal-external attitudes, personal initiative, and the labor market experience of black and white men. The Journal of Human Resources, 12(3), 308-328.

Bartos, O. & Wehr, P. (2002). Using conflict theory. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Buck, M. & Austrin, H. (1971). Factors related to school achievement in an economically disadvantaged group. Child Development, 42(6), 1813-1826.

Duckitt, J. & Mphuthing, T. (1998). Political power and race relations in South Africa: African attitudes before and after the transition. Political Psychology, 19(4), 809-832.

Theoretical Approaches to Criminal Behavior
Different perspectives of crime are essential when an explanation of why individuals engage in deviant behaviors and just a few become a nuisance to the society. Therefore there are various theories that have been put up in a bid to find out the causes of crime. A thorough explanation of the theories and the perspectives help in explaining the different reasons for occurrence of crime and the identification of factors that make an individual become a criminal. With these theories in place there is an understanding of an individual's behavior that will provide an insight into the reasoning and minds toward crime related behaviors.

The two main theories are classical and biological theories. Focus on rationality of human nature forms the basis for classical theory of crime. This means that an individual who chooses to take part in crime does so willingly without any other factors existing.…...

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Refences

Alston, J. (2005).Understanding Criminal Behavior. Retrieved October 24, 2012 from  http://www.iaca.net/ExploringCA/2Ed/exploringca_chapter3.pdf 

HubPages Inc. (2012) Society and crime theory: biological and classical theories that explain criminal behavior.Retrieved October 24, 2012 from  http://miakouna.hubpages.com/hub/classical-and-biological-theories

theoretical approaches to learning and explores possibilities of learning applications to special education. A matrix is presented and the information in the matrix is explained within a professional setting that deals with special education. The theoretical approaches to learning provide the framework for development of leaning skills and are examined in detail.
Keywords: Learning, Learning theories, Cognitive development, andura's social learning, Pavlov, Classical condition, special education, Erikson's theory, social development theory, experiential learning.

andura's Social Learning Theory

Social learning theory by andura highlights the societal processes in learning suggesting that people learn from each other using the means of observation and imitation. This means that children watch and learn behavior of adults and family members and during the process of observation they pick up skills which they imitate. The theory of social learning requires an analysis of the psychological processes of motivation, attention and memory and these three cognitive processes enhance social…...

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Bibliography:

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.

Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of Behavior Modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

social organizations are increasingly multifaceted systems, primarily because of strong criticisms to the conventional mechanistic model, which formed the original basis for organizational theory, and because of related issues concerning ineffectiveness of associated hierarchical control. In the context of today's open and globalized markets, there is increased pressure for skillfulness, competitiveness, and flexibility, requiring more adaptive systems. Consequently, there is great demand for modern complexity theories that would provide ideas to managers, with regard to organizational structures modeled on neural networks and self-organization, in consultancy as well as academic journals (Arevalo & Espinosa, 2015).
Chaos Theory: The term chaos denotes confusion and turmoil. Theoretically, chaos signifies uncertainty of occurrences and reactions in a system against posited effect. Chaos theory doesn't consider organization as purely static, with mechanical operation; rather, it views organization as a dynamic arrangement operating a dynamic system. Thus, organizations must be regarded similar to other natural living…...

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Bibliography

Arevalo, L. E., & Espinosa, A. (2015). heoretical approaches to managing complexity in organizations: A comparative analysis. Elsevier, 20-29.

Banerjee, S. (2013). Chaos, Complexity and Leadership 2012. New York City: Springer Science & Business Media.

CONTINGENCY APPROACH To MANAGEMENT. (n.d.). Retrieved from referenceforbusiness.com:  http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Comp-De/Contingency-Approach-to-Management.html 

Davis, K., and Blomstrom, R. L. 1980. Concepts and Policy Issues: Environment and Responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Principal theoretical approaches to strategic HRM and your analysis and recommendation on which approach might best suit your organization or any that you are familiar with Over the last several years, there have been major transformations happening in the workplace. As, everyone, has begun to focus on how their employees can help firms to increase their profit margins and productivity. Part of the reason for this, is because the staff is viewed as a valuable commodity that can allow a corporation to adapt to changes within the marketplace. Once this takes place, it means that there is an increasing focus on addressing the needs of their workers. This has led to the creation of various theoretical HRM strategies to deal with the underlying challenges that all companies will face with their employees. To determine which one is most effective requires looking at the various theories, conducting an analysis of each…...

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Bibliography

Armstrong, M, 2008, Strategic Human Resource Management, Kogan, Philadelphia.

Bach, C, 2009, HR and New Approaches, WHO. Available from: [5 Nov. 2011].

Salaman, G, 2005, Strategic Human Resource Management, Sage, London.

Salter, M, 2008, Innovation Corrupted, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.

The benefits of including family in therapy sessions extend far beyond addressing the parents' concerns in this situation, however, and can help to identify underlying problems that led to osa's drug abuse and potentially provide more highly effective long-term solutions to these issues.
Adolescent females were the subject of one study that specifically examined the efficacy of family systems therapy interventions in cases of anorexia nervosa, and the efficacy of this approach compared quite favorable to other therapy techniques (Eisler et al. 2005). Especially noticeable in this study was an increased expression of emotion by all family members, leading to greater openness and a greater ability and willingness to share problems and support each other (Eisler et al. 2005). This effect would likely be highly beneficial to osa and her family as well, as there is almost certainly an underlying stressor that led to osa's drug abuse and overall decline…...

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References

Cornelius-Whit, J. (2007). "Learner-Centered Teacher-Student Relationships Are Effective: A Meta-Analysis." Review of educational research 77(1), pp. 113-43.

Eisler, I.; Dare, C.; Hodes, M.; Russel, G.; Dodge, E. & LeGrange, D. (2005). "Family Therapy for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: The Results of a Controlled Comparison of Two Family Interventions." Focus 3, pp. 629-40.

Frelberg, H. & Lamb, S. (2009). "Dimensions of Person-Centered Classroom Management." Theory into practice 48(2), pp. 99-105.

Ready, D.; Gerardi, R.; Backscheider, A.; Mascaro, N. & Rothbaum, B. (2010). "Comparing Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy to Present-Centered Therapy with 11 U.S. Vietnam Veterans with PTSD." Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 13(1), pp. 49-54.

geopolitics in today's world. Specifically it will discuss three theoretical approaches to geopolitics the class has studied. The three approaches are Makinder's approach to geopolitics in Eurasia and the "pivot principle," Harrison's theory of the polar-projection, globe vs. map theory, and the Thomas Barnett theory of the power of terrorism and fear and its effect on the world's cartography. Geopolitics has grown in importance and influence since the turn of the 20th century, and there are many theories and approaches to how the world interacts together, both politically and geographically.
Makinder's theory revolved around his idea of the "Heartland," an interior area in Eurasia dominated by ussia and Germany. He believed that rather than sea power, railroads would arm the armies and countries of the future, where they had relied on sea traffic before. He also believed that whoever controlled this "Heartland" had the potential to dominate the world's politics…...

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References

TEXTBOOK INFORMATION.

Barnett, Thomas. 2009, The Pentagon's New Map, viewed 21 August 2009,

.

Friedman, George. 2009, The Geopolitics of Pandemics, viewed 21 August, 2009, .

ill Gates is perhaps a good example in this sense: Microsoft during the early 70s was but a mixture of their programmers, but they selected ill Gates to coordinate and organize their efforts because they saw him as the best prepared among them. This is also what named him chief software architect at Microsoft (besides the fact that he owned the company at that point) and he retained the respective function even after he was no longer CEO.
There are other particularities of leadership in the software development industry as well.

ecause the work activity is based on the existence of development teams that generally incorporate developers, testers and writers and which are led by a team leader or project manager, there is a distinctive importance attributed to the project manager or team leader. His or her job is many folded, which means that he probably needs to have all the…...

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Bibliography

1. Spencer, Emily. Leadership Models and Theories: A Brief Overview. On the Internet at retrieved on August 10, 2008http://www.cda-acd.forces.gc.ca/cfli/engraph/research/pdf/12.pdf.Last

2. Models and Theories. On the Internet at retrieved on August 10, 2008http://www.stewart-associates.co.uk/leadership-models.aspx.Last

3. P.G. Northouse, Leadership: Theory and Practice, (Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 1997

4. G. Yukl, Leadership in Organizations, 4th Edition, (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1998

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing:
Nursing can be described as a science and practice that enlarges adaptive capabilities and improves the transformation of an individual and the environment. This profession focuses on promoting health, improving the quality of life, and facilitating dying with dignity. The nursing profession has certain theoretical foundations that govern the nurses in promoting adaptation for individuals and groups. These theoretical foundations include theories, theory integration, reflection, research and practice, and assimilation.

Grand Nursing Theory:

There are several grand nursing theories that were developed by various theorists including the Science of Unitary Human Beings by Martha ogers, Sister Callista oy's Adaptation Model, and Systems Model by Betty Neuman. Sister Callista oy's Adaptation Model is based on the consideration of the human being as an open system. She argues that the system reacts to environmental stimuli via cognator and regulator coping techniques for individuals. On the other hand, the stabilizer and innovator…...

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References:

American Sentinel (2012). 5 Steps for Nurses to Stay Updated with Health Care Changes.

Retrieved September 4, 2013, from  http://www.nursetogether.com/5-steps-for-nurses-to-stay-updated-with-health-care-changes 

Andershed, B. & Olsson, K. (2009). Review of Research Related to Kristen Swanson's Middle-range Theory of Caring. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 23, 598-610.

"Application of Theory in Nursing Process." (2012, January 28). Nursing Theories: A

Therefore Clinton can be said to have generally followed a realist foreign policy program in Kosovo, yet due to changes in the international system which made it problematic to cut too many deals with dictators and war-criminals like Milosevich, a more conflictive approach to the issue was created. National interest, while predominant, was no longer the only consideration.
One of the problems with a constructivist understanding of the war though, is to what extent the international system allows for freedom of choice. If constructivism were true, then there were no "real" constraints on the actions of ill Clinton during the crisis. Yet sending ground troops in for example, would have been politically infeasible, not only due to American public opinion, but because Russia might have seen that as a threat to its interests in the region and moved to act in a provocative way. The point is then, that if…...

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Bibliography

Bacevich, a.J., and Eliot a. Cohen. 2001. War over Kosovo. Columbia University Press.

Morgenthau, Hans J. 1978. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. 5th ed. New York: Alfred a. Knopf.

Sell, Louis. 2003. Slobodan Milosevic and the destruction of Yugoslavia. Duke University Press, September 1.

Wendt, Alexander. 1992. Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics. International Organization 46, no. 2 (Spring): 391-425.

Open communications and unambiguous formulations are two more features.
4.

A competitive managerial style forces employees to compete against each other as well as against the manager. The main benefit of this approach is that of increasing constructive conflict, but it also increases tensions in the work place. The collaborative and sharing managerial styles stimulate communication and collaboration, creating a more relaxed and pleasant working atmosphere. Finally, an accommodative managerial style is similar to the human resource management strategies implemented in the immediate aftermath of a new employee being hired. It as such revolves around strategies that integrate the employees in a unified organizational culture and structure which functions based on the same values and principles and which works towards the same goals. Implemented on the long-term, this managerial approach stands increased chances of reducing operational efficiency and as such organizational profitability.

5.

It is often argued that a good leader is one…...

Theoretical Strips
Tracy is a thirteen-year-old, Caucasian female, who is being raised by her mother, Melanie in Los Angeles. Also living in the home is Tracy's older brother Mason, who is fifteen. Tracy's parents are divorced, with Melanie as custodial parent. Tracy is in regular contact by telephone with her father, Travis, who is now remarried with a new baby. Travis is employed with a decent salary but has suffered periods of unemployment in the past; Melanie is a high-school dropout who receives child support but otherwise makes a basic subsistence income as a hairdresser for children and women, operating out of her own home. She is a recovering alcoholic who attends weekly A.A. meetings, but most of her social circle is from the recovery movement. For example, Melanie's boyfriend Brady, who is about ten years younger than Melanie but still substantially older than the children, also regularly stays at…...

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Works Cited

Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V.S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York: Academic Press.

Freud, S. (1963). The unconscious. Standard edition Vol. 14. London: Hogarth Press.

Gardner, S. (1991). The unconscious. In Neu, J. (Ed.) The Cambridge companion to Freud. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Greene, R. (2008). General systems theory. In Greene, R. (Ed.) Human behavior theory and social work practice. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 165-193.

Analysis:

CBT can be effectively used in a variety of stressful or tense situations. Depending on the nature of the issue, focusing on changing behaviors often aids the individual in reducing an addiction, changing their approach to a situation, or focusing on interaction and dialog issues. CBT may be used, for example, with:

Severe anxiety from a recent sexual assault -- CBT may be used to unearth the issues surround the assault and resulting anxiety by helping the client focus on adaptation. The therapist should help the client understand that they were a victim, did not choose the issue, and the fault of the issue is with the perpetrator. Anxious feelings are a rational response to trauma, but by practicing assertion training, the client can take charge of their own emotions and begin to heal (SOUCE, p. 23).

A Gay/Bisexual person struggling to come out to friends and family -- CBT will help…...

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REFERENCES

Follette, V. And J. Ruzek, eds. (2007). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies for Trauma, 2nd ed. New York: Guilford Press.

Fong, T. (2006). Understanding and Managing Compulsive Sexual Behaviors. Psychiatry. 3 (11): 51-58. Retrieved from:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2945841/ 

Wright, J. (2004). Cognitive Behavior Therapy. In J. Wright (Ed.), Review of Psychiatry (Vol. 23). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

While stress is a commonly used term, it is a poorly defined term that can refer to a wide scope of things, depending on the context.  Generally speaking, stress refers to the person’s response to some sort of aversive stimuli or stressor, though stress can also be used to refer to the stimuli that causes the stress.  The perception of stress appears to be related to whether a person finds a particular stimulus to be overwhelming. Therefore, a stress concept analysis can have different meanings and is personalized for each person experiencing a particular stressor.  Generally, we....

Outline for an Essay on Counselor Identity

I. Introduction
A. Introduction: Hook and brief overview of the topic
B. Thesis statement: State the main argument of the essay

II. Professional Development
A. Early influences: Discuss significant experiences or individuals that shaped the counselor's initial interest in counseling
B. Education and training: Describe the educational and professional qualifications that have contributed to the counselor's development
C. Continuing education: Highlight the ongoing efforts the counselor makes to stay up-to-date in the field
D. Supervision and mentorship: Discuss the role of supervision and mentorship in the counselor's professional growth

III. Personal Attributes
A. Values and beliefs:....

Historical Perspectives:

The Evolution of Gender Roles Throughout History: Examining the Shifting Expectations and Norms
Gender Roles in Ancient Civilizations: A Comparative Analysis of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Greece
The Impact of Industrialization on Gender Roles: The Rise of the Patriarchal Family and the Marginalization of Women

Theoretical Approaches:

Feminist Perspectives on Gender Roles: Analyzing Power Dynamics, Oppression, and the Construction of Masculinity and Femininity
Gender Performativity and Judith Butler: The Subversive and Fluid Nature of Gender Categories
The Social Construction of Gender: How Society Shapes and Reinforces Gender Norms

Social and Psychological Implications:

The Psychological Effects of Gender Stereotypes: Examining the Impact....

Introduction
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a critical factor in business strategy, particularly in the banking sector. This research project aims to assess the impact of CSR on financial performance in the South African banking sector. The following literature review provides an overview of existing research on this topic.

Theoretical Approach
The theoretical foundation of this research is grounded in stakeholder theory, which posits that firms have responsibilities not only to shareholders but also to other stakeholders, such as employees, customers, and the community. CSR practices are seen as a means of fulfilling these responsibilities and enhancing....