Television
The history of television is at once familiar and unexpected, in that television, like every new medium, experienced a time when it was simultaneously written off as a fad and hailed as a world-changing wave of the future. The truth was somewhat more nuanced, because although television did change the world in serious, wide-ranging ways, it did not do so in the way many early critics and theorists suspected. By examining the evolution of television, including the context of its invention and its impact on other media, it will be possible to better understand not only how the history of television exemplifies the development of all new mediums, from the novel to videogames, but also how the unique qualities of television and its affect on the public consciousness shaped the contemporary world by transitioning humanity from structured monopolies to anarchistic experimentation.

Like many of inventions arising out of the intense scientific…...

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References

Armes, R. (1988). On video. London: Routledge.

Edgerton, G. (2007). The columbia history of american television. New York: Columbia

Huff, W.A. (2001). Regulating the future: Broadcasting technology and governmental control.

Westport: Greenwood Press.

Television in Australia
Television itself was quite an invention and made significant changes all around the world. It became common in the United Kingdom and the United States by the end of the Second orld ar. The American system basically had the commercial system in which government interference wasn't so pronounced. On the other hand, the British system was more government owned and dominated by BBC. The television in Australia has always been caught up a struggle regarding which side to lead on. There has always been a tension between the regionalizing and centralizing pressures. Basically, the struggle has remained amidst the commercial television proprietors who want their shows to reach the entire nation. On the other hand, there were persons who wanted to maintain the region laity and locality of television based on which region it was showed in. [footnoteRef:2] [2: Anthony R. Smith, Television: An International History (New York:…...

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Works cited

Arrow, Michelle. "The Introduction of Television in Australia." Originally published in Crotty, Martin, and David Andrew Roberts. Turning points in Australian History (Sydney: UNSW Press, 2009.).

Groves., Derham. "Gob Smacked! TV Dining in Australia between 1956 and 1966." Journal of popular culture 37, no. 3 (2004): 409-417.

Smith, Anthony R. Television: An international History. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Television/Smarter
atching TV Makes You Smarter -- Really?

A number of television programs of today are praised for their grittiness and realism. It is true that dramas such as Law and Order draw from real-life events, particularly ones whose circumstances and outcomes are controversial. Compared to the idealized families of Father Knows Best and The Brady Bunch, shows such as Modern Family portray likeable but flawed human beings whose problems are not necessarily solved in the time frame of an episode or two. The argument that today's television is "better" is a complex one. It begs the question: "Better for whom?" Story lines may indeed be a more accurate reflection of life in the twenty-first century. Characters are more realistic in that they represent a wider demographic than characters of even a generation ago; African-Americans, Latinos and Asians are more prominently featured, women are seen in roles requiring them to be strong…...

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Works Cited

Johnson, Steven. Everything Bad is Good for You; how Today's Popular Culture is Actually Making Us Smarter. New York: Riverhead Trade, 2005. Print.

An article published in 2002 in the Journal of Communication further explored television's impact on marriage. In their study, 285 never married college students were interviewed about their idealistic marriage expectations. In the vast majority of those interviewed, their marriage preferences were based upon television shows, such as soap operas and romantic comedies.
It should go without saying that this notion is appalling. In an age where divorce is at its highest, parents have an even stronger responsibility to model ideal marriage traits to their children. Instead, parents are so absent that young adults turn to the numbing and idealistic television for their marriage perspective. Just as with an anesthetic, the effect of television on the family does wear off when the television is removed from the home. All it takes is a willingness of families to turn off the television and begin living. The key to improving the American…...

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Bibliography

Segrin, Chris, and Robin L. Nabi. "Does television viewing cultivate unrealistic expectations about marriage?." Journal of Communication 52, no. 2 (2006): 247-263.

Winn, Marie, Television: The Plug-In Drug. 50 Essays: A Portable Anthology. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2004.

Marie Winn, Television: The Plug-In Drug. 50 Essays: A Portable Anthology. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2004.

Segrin, Chris, and Robin L. Nabi. "Does television viewing cultivate unrealistic expectations about marriage?." Journal of Communication 52, no. 2 (2006): 247-263.

In terms of a feature film like the Spiderman series, there is much revenue to be generated from merchandise, DVD and video sales, tie-in promotions from companies like McDonalds, and spin-off video games. Therefore, the stakes are higher. A feature film producer who has been granted a 200 million dollar budget had better deliver an audience, and deliver it in spades. A telemovie producer, however, working much faster with much less time and money, has fewer expectations. Most telemovies have a built-in audience - the viewers of the network's regular drama or comedy productions. Though a network will often spin-off into outside advertising, such as trade publications, popular magazines, websites and billboards, they do not advertise in cinemas, nor do they have to pay exorbitant fees to advertise on other networks.
More recently, the rise of cable television has given birth to a change in the made-for-television film format. Studios…...

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Works Cited

Abramson, A. The History of Television, 1942 to 2000. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2003.

Hilmes, M. The Television History Book. London: British Film Institute, 2004.

Television's Depiction Of American Family In The 1950s And 1960s
Television depiction of the American family in the 1950s and early 1960s

Television has for many years shaped the American society depending on the prevailing circumstances at that time. Ordinarily it is expected that television as a form of art would mimic the real life, but this has not always been true across the eras since at some point, television shaped and gave direction of style to be followed and presented the viewers with the 'ideal' society that the programmers thought kept the viewer glued to their channels, rather than the real society out there.

The depiction of the American family by the television in the 1950s through to 1960s was geared more toward the portrayal of a peaceful culture devoid of the challenges facing other parts of the world, financially stable and happy. This trend caught up to act as the anesthesia…...

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References

Ella Taylor, Prime-time Families: Television Culture in Postwar America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).

Jenkins H, (n.d:27). The politics and Pleasure of Popular Culture.

George Lipsitz, 1990: Pp44). Time Passages: Colective Memory and American Popular Culture.

Taylor Ella, (1989). Prime Time families: Television Culture in Postwar America. University of California Press.

Television Audience
Television viewing has become a very common thing in the entire world today. In fact, Television viewing is perceived to be having the largest audience as compared to any other forms of media. In the current media ecosystem the content in televisions is distributed through various platforms such as wed, TDT, mobiles and so on. This has provided an increased level of interactivity that has led to an increase in the level of connections of programs and networks with television audiences. Public and commercial broadcasters are both developing cross media processes that lead to the enhancement of audience participation. These networks provide a variety of initiatives that enable the audience to engage through sharing, promoting, criticizing and commenting on programs and at the same time elaborating their material or even getting involved in production, design or even the distribution of the television content. The paper will look at the…...

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References

Garcia-Aviles, J.A.(2012).Role of Audience Participation in Multiplatform: From fans and Consumers, to Collaborators and Activists. Retrieved August 9,2013 from  http://www.participations.org/Volume%209/Issue%202/24%20Garcia-Aviles.pdf 

Hearn, G.(2011). Active and Passive Conceptions of the Television Audience: Effects of a Change in Viewing Routine. Retrieved August 9, 2013 from  http://hum.sagepub.com/content/42/10/857.abstract 

Hennerberger, S, XU, S. & Franklin, C.(2001). Active Audience Theory.

Livingstone, S.(2000).Television and Active Audience. Retrieved August 9, 2013 from  http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/1004/1/Television_and_the_active_audience%2Bcover.pdf

("The Lunar Extinction Episode," 2010) What this shows, is how the overall topics and materials discussed on both show represent a microcosm of modern day society. Where, the episode of I Love Lucy depicted her as unable to manage her own affairs without her husband. While, the ig ang Theory highlights how Sheldon is able to effectively manage all areas of his life, accept socially.
How is it the same?

The way that I Love Lucy is similar to many modern day comedy genres is through the overall relationship between: Lucy, Ricky and the Mertzes. While, the modern day comedies will follow similar plot line. ("Job Switching," 2010) a good example of this can be seen in the show the ig ang Theory, where it about the relationship between: Sheldon, Leonard, Penny, Raj and Howard. ("The Lunar Extinction Episode," 2010) This is similar to the basic plot for I Love Lucy,…...

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Bibliography

Job Switching. (2010). Retrieved June 5, 2010 from TV.com website: http://www.tv.com/i-love-lucy/job-switching/episode/15119/recap.html?tag=episode_recap;recap

The Lunar Extinction Episode. (2010). Retrieved June 5, 2010 from TV.com website: http://www.tv.com/the-big-bang-theory/the-lunar-excitation/episode/1339372/recap.html?tag=episode_header;recap

S. (Larson-Duyff, p.412).
As cable television increased the availability of youth-oriented television programming and children spent even more time in front of the T.V., several sociologists made observations similar to those previously published in connection with the amount of advertising absorbed by children in connection with their exposure to violence on the screen (Henslin, p.67). According to them, constant exposure to violence on television, (even if it was mostly fictional), corresponded to increased aggression in person, by virtue of desensitization. It was even suggested that watching the highly caricatured violence represented in cartoons like Bugs Bunny constituted "violence" in terms of its effect on the minds of children.

The most modern incarnation of that concern relates more to computer video games, which may be more plausible because of its extreme realism and the high degree of thematic violence and murderous representations. Several retrospective investigations of actual violence, most notably the Columbine attack…...

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References

Esposito, V.J. (1964) a Concise History of World War I. New York: Praeger

Nevins, J., Commager, H.S. (1992) a Pocket History of the United States.

New York: Pocket Books

DBQ 16: Why Did We Enter World War I? Document 1.

Television and School Performance brief glance at the publishing history of books about the effect of television on academic performance makes one thing clear: there was a boom in interest in the topic in the 1970s, and a lot less now. Information about the subject seems much more extensive in recent and current periodicals, however.
There are two possible conclusions this dearth of academic research, along with a relative wealth of popular writing, can lead two. The first conclusion is this: the detrimental effects of television-watching on academic performance are so well recognized that researchers no longer see it as worthy of in-depth research.

The second conclusion is the more jaded view: television networks (many of which own both book publishing companies and periodicals) and their advertisers have put the damper on any such undertakings, except in the most cursory manner.

hatever the reason for the relative paucity of recent hard information about…...

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Works Cited

Guidelines for Family Television Viewing." 2003. The Effects of Television Viewing / Family Education Web site. 28 September 2003.  http://www.familyeducation.com/article/0,1120,63-23816,00.html .

Inge, M. Thomas, Ed. Handbook of American Popular Culture. Volume: 1. Westport, CT, 1978.

Luke, Carmen. Constructing the Child Viewer: A History of the American Discourse on Television and Children, 1950-1980. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.

O'Keefe, Lori. "Academy supports efforts to loosen grip of media violence on children." AAP News. 2001. American Academy of Pediatrics. 28 September 2003.  http://www.aap.org/advocacy/OKeefemediaviolence.htm .

Rothwell also mentions the Willie Horton advertisement run against Michael Dukakis in 1988 and the increase in soft money for advertisements in 1996 as instances in which television played a role in the outcome of the presidential election.

The author then talks about television as a political medium. Television, she wrote, "prefers images to words, icons to understandings... And arguably, emotion to reason." Rothwell then says that television exaggerates those preferences in political ads.

Rothwell writes that television has blurred the lines between politics, journalism, and entertainment. She uses examples such as presidential candidates appearing on late-night television programs.

This, in turn, has led to a simplification of the issues. She cited a 1996 study by the Center for Media and Public Affairs that found that the amount of time spent on political issues and the depth of the stories about political issues were both declining. For example, she said the study found…...

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Bibliography

Rothwell, Jennifer Truran. "Presidential Elections in the Age of Television." Social Education. September 1, 2000.   (accessed 03/11/07).http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67412067.html 

Television Children
Childhood Education and Media Literacy

Media technology is a part of our everyday lives even from a very young age. This is true for many children who are entering elementary school today. These children are likely to already be familiar with such media as television and the internet, which have both recreational and educational merits as the child grows up. This early-aged familiarity is proving to be a great opportunity for educators to use the interests which are already existing in young students. By using such technology-based ways of educating such as the use of television to help develop literacy, teachers may be better able to work with a diversity of student needs. Using these technology-based media also have some risks for the development of student literacy. These relate to the formation of symbolic understanding as a result of media exposure. This is explored in greater detail later in this…...

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Works Cited:

Alexander, A. & Hanson, J. (2006). Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Mass Media and Society. McGraw-Hill/Dushkin; 9th Ed.

Cesarone, B. (2000). Computers in Elementary and Early Childhood Education. Childhood Education. Online at .

Hobbs, R. (2007). Reading the Media. Teacher's College Press.

Mokhtari, K. (2009). ISU Study Finds College Students are Online Regularly and Reading More Overall. Insciences Organization. Online at  http://insciences.org/article.php?article_id=3664

Television and Its Effects
The extent of television's influence on American cultural values is, ironically, often portrayed on television shows. For example, in an episode of South Park, all the men and boys in town become "metrosexuals," after watching the popular series Queer Eye for the Straight Guy. Queer Eye for the Straight Guy shaped gender norms in the fictitious town of South Park, just as television shows like South Park in turn shape cultural values in real-world American culture. As Rushworth M. Kidder states in his article "Television, Values, and the American ay," "from what TV does show me, I would conclude that this is a nation of anguished gossips mesmerized by stocks, wrestling, and the weather. Nearly all must be unmarried, divorced, or gay." Animated shows like South Park in particular have the power to satirize television's powerful effect on molding the American mind because they are detached enough…...

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Works Cited

Kidder, Rushworth M. "Television, Values, and the American Way." Institute for Global Ethics. 2000. Online at < http://www.globalethics.org/newsline/members/issue.tmpl?articleid=04300021470834>.

Warren, Michael. "Storytellers Shape Spiritual Values." Center for Media Literacy. 2003. Online at < http://www.medialit.org/reading_room/article99.html>.

Television Viewing and Violence in Children
Television has become a kind of a modern, technological 'babysitter' for children. It is not unusual for even very young children to have unsupervised television time. Because of the famous studies conduced by Bandura which suggested that children are apt to mimic observed behaviors and imitate the behaviors of others (even when they are not directly praised for doing so) many researchers have attempted to draw a causal link between violent television viewing and actual violent behavior in children. They also argue that children are desensitized to violence through repeated viewing of violent programming. This notion of desensitization is supported by studies which found that measures of arousal in children declined upon repeated exposure to violent content. Children exposed to violent television also seem more apt to articulate a suspicious view of the world (275-276).

However, it is somewhat problematic to draw a direct causal link…...

Moreover, electronic communities provide a sense of common experience and involvement that seems lacking in much of modern society (Komito pp). Most of society today has no problem with the idea of "imagined community," where national solidarity is a projection, on the part of individuals, rather than a practice founded on face-to-face interaction and communication (Komito pp).
Komito points out that it is rare, within any group, that social relations are without conflict, hierarchy and inequality, and no matter how strong the commitment to shared values based on family, kinship or ethnicity, there is negotiation based on conflicting individual interests and concerns (Komito pp). Although collective solidarity is often a goal, it is rarely achieved, because communities are composed not only of people who like each other, but also hate each other, and thus, both co-operate and compete with one another (Komito pp). Komito warns that "one must avoid both…...

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Works Cited

Benedict Anderson: The Nation as Imagined Community." The Nationalism

Project.  http://www.nationalismproject.org/what/anderson.htm 

Bhattacharyya, Jnanabrata. "Theorizing community development."

Journal of the Community Development Society. 7/1/2004;

Advertising is such an interesting topic.  It can be overt, such as in television commercials, print ads, or ads in social media.  It can also be more subtle, such as product placement.  Advertising can seem relatively straightforward, or it can involve complex psychological manipulations.  Advertising is a billion-dollar business, because ads can help generate billions in revenue for their companies.  There are so many different things that you can investigate for a paper on advertising, from the use of celebrity endorsements to fear based advertising.  In fact, much modern entertainment is actually....

There have been many studies that have looked at the impact of popular media on children’s behavior.  The general consensus is that children are significantly impacted by media exposure.  Of course, this impact increases when the media in question is an advertisement; the whole purpose of advertising is to bring about a targeted change in the audience.  The goal of advertising is to inspire the target audience to want to purchase the goods or supplies.  Children’s advertising appears to successfully accomplish that goal; studies reveal that after being exposed to advertising children....

Sure! Here are some essay topics on various aspects of the English language:

1. The importance of learning English as a second language.
2. The evolution and history of the English language.
3. The impact of technology on the English language.
4. The influence of English in the global world.
5. The role of standardized testing in assessing English language proficiency.
6. The benefits and drawbacks of using English as a global lingua franca.
7. The representation and portrayal of English in literature and media.
8. The challenges and strategies for teaching English as a foreign language.
9. The differences between British English and American English.
10. The role of....

Cosmetology: A Comprehensive Overview

Cosmetology is the art and science of enhancing the appearance of the skin, hair, and nails. It encompasses various treatments and techniques aimed at improving one's overall physical appearance. This essay provides a comprehensive overview of cosmetology, exploring its history, evolution, different branches, and significance in society.

The History of Cosmetology

Cosmetology has its roots in ancient civilizations, where people used natural ingredients like herbs, minerals, and oils to adorn themselves. In ancient Egypt, for example, women applied kohl to their eyes and wore elaborate wigs made from human hair or wool. In ancient Greece, men and women used....