In addition there continues to be a rapid definition of communications standards for ensuring the highest level of compatibility on each communications medium and platform. The adoption of the Open Systems Interconnect Model (OSI) is a case in point, as is the continued development of WiFI standards throughout the wireless community ((Huynh 2001). Data communications' adoption rates regarding the Internet's wireless and metropolitan Wide-Area Networks including WiFI technologies have a growth rate that dwarfs even the adoption of television in the last century. Data communications' continued growth is going to continually lead to new industry advances and standards.
eference:

Huynh (2001) - Network Fundamentals: Intro to Network Structure and Protocol LAN, WAN, TCP/IP National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. Presented by Chuong Huynh. Accessed from the Internet on September 8, 2007 from location:

http://www.dbbm.fiocruz.br/class/Lecture/d01/network_fundamental/fundamental_networking.ppt...

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Reference:

Huynh (2001) - Network Fundamentals: Intro to Network Structure and Protocol LAN, WAN, TCP/IP National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. Presented by Chuong Huynh. Accessed from the Internet on September 8, 2007 from location:

 http://www.dbbm.fiocruz.br/class/Lecture/d01/network_fundamental/fundamental_networking.ppt

" The digital divide, which is known to affect many nations in the developing world, is due to: "(1) inadequate funding; (2) a lack of necessary computer and Internet skills; and (3) a lack of English-language proficiency." (rooks, Donovan and Rumble, 2006) According to rooks Donovan, and Rumble "Aggregated full-text databases serve as a prominent tool in closing the digital divide because they provide important research sources." (2006)
Summary of Literature Reviewed

Web-based education holds great promise for those in rural areas and those in developing nations in gaining educational advancement. Education through means of telecommunication technologies opens the door to many individuals and countries previously effectively barred from educational advancement.

ibliography

Lin, Ching; Chung, Ru-Ya; and Chen, Ya-Ping (2006) Relationships among Learner Characteristics, Motivation and Achievement in Web-based Instruction Journal of Educational Media and Library Sciences Vol., No. 4 Pages 413-433. Online available at http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/en/jemls/200600430004/0413.htm.

rooks, Sam; Donovan, Paul; and Rumble, Clint (2006) Developing…...

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Brivkalns, Karlis; Janbicka, Aija; and Slaidins, Ilmars (1999) Distance Training in Information Literacy for Students of Telematics. European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics. Ninth DELOS Workshop on Digital Libraries for Distance Learning, Brno, Czech Republic, 15-17, April 1999. Online available at  http://www.ercim.org/publication/ws-proceedings/DELOS9/Pap13.html .

Baker, Bob; Harvell, Tina; and Yuan, Zhongyi (2006) a Collaborative Class Investigation in to Telecommunications in Education. Chapter One. Teaching Via Telecommunications. Online available at http://disted.tamu.edu/chapter1.htm.

Telecommunication in Education: Instructional Technology

Telecommunication
Basics of Telecommunications

Telecommunications can be briefly defined as the ability to communicate over a distance with the aid of some form of technology. This technology utilizes electric signals or electromagnetic waves or some combination of the two. There were other forms of long distance communication before modern technology, such as smoke signals, but all modern forms typically involve electric technology or radio waves. This technology has become intertwined in modern life and touches nearly everyone's life across the globe. It has been estimated that mobile technology and smart devices are responsible for the recent growth and mobile broadband has in fact become the fastest growth area for the overall telecoms sector (Budde Comm, 2014).

The basics of a telecommunication system always include three essential elements. There is first the transmitter which takes a form of information and coverts it to some form of a signal. The next is the transmission medium…...

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Works Cited

Budde Comm. (2014). Global Telecoms - The Big Picture - Key Industry Statistics. Retrieved from Budde Comm:  http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Global-Telecoms-The-Big-Picture-Key-Industry-Statistics.html 

CDC. (2013, February 6). Basic Tutorial on Wireless Communication and Electronic Tracking: Technology Overview. Retrieved from Office of Mine Safety and Health Research (OMSHR):  http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/content/emergencymanagementandresponse/commtracking/commtrackingtutorial1.html

Telecommunications & Network Security, Application Security and Operations Security
The ubiquity of smartphone technology within the world modern business has necessitated a greater emphasis on the use of telecommunications and network security within the pursuit of information security on an organizational level. Corporations and other complex institutions require a tremendous amount of data transmission -- in the form of standard telephone calls, text messages, and downloaded data -- which is facilitated by the construction of multilayered networks combining local area, wide area, and remote access networking capability. Networks of all size, scope, and purpose are dependent on fundamental tenets of security architecture and design, properties which are typically derived after the completion of a Network Security Architecture Evaluation based on multiple telecommunications methodologies (Layton, 2007). This evaluation process invariably leads information security officers to utilize the adaptable virtual private network (VPN), which is defined as "a secure private network that uses…...

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References

Layton, T.P. (2007). Information security: Design, implementation, measurement, and compliance. (6 ed.). New York, NY: CRC Press.

Peltier, T.R., Peltier, J., & Blackley, J.A. (2005). Information security fundamentals. New York, NY: CRC Press.

Telecommunications Network
In an effort to provide better care for its patients, arises the need to design a network able to support a new multi-location dental care practice. In this report, we will provide a clear set of requirements for the network solution, and then identify the information that is to be protected as well as their related security requirements. Also, we will identify the types of network components, devices and equipment that would be involved in meeting the needs of the stationary offices and all four mobile dentists, and then we will provide a network design diagram that shows an appropriate network configuration to meet the requirements. Finally, we will explain the benefits of the proposed network solution, and identify the risks and risk mitigation strategies associated with the proposed network solution.

With five dental offices currently operating, we need to design a network that will integrate databases of all…...

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References

DAUTI, B.A. (2007, April 26). METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK AND WEB PORTAL FOR THE CITY OF GJILAN. Retrieved August 18, 2012, from UMUC Europe Web site: http://ac-support.europe.umuc.edu

Dr. Cole, E. (2007, October 26). Types of Networks. Retrieved August 18, 2012, from Sans Technology Institute Web site:  http://www.sans.edu 

Stines, M. (2003). Remote Access VPN - Security Concerns and Policy Enforcement. Retrieved August 18, 2012, from SANS Institute Reading Room site:  http://www.sans.org 

White, C.M. (2011). Introduction to Metropolitan Area Networks and Wide Area Networks. In C.M. White, Data Communications and Computer Networks (pp. 276-320). Course Technology Cengage Learning.

Cox Communications Telecommunications Innovation
Status of the Sustainability Movement

The telecommunications industry, supported by the United Nations and the International Telecommunications Union, launched a formal cooperative effort to promote sustainable business practices and technology in June 2001. The Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI) was officially launched on World Environment Day with the vision "to help improve the global environment and to enhance human and economic development, and thereby make a key contribution to a global sustainable future" (Thomsen, 2001).

This industry-wide initiative was significant in that its founders included some of the biggest global players: AT&T, British Telecommunications, Cable and Wireless, Deutsche Telekom, Ericsson, Lucent Technologies, Marconi, Telcordia Technologies, Telenor as, and the European Telecommunications Network Operators Association. Members implemented various programs to achieve environment-friendly business practices. For example, British Telecommunications calculated that employee use of audio and video conferencing contributed to saving over one million tons of CO2 emissions the previous year, while…...

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Reference List

AT&T investments in sustainability yield results in 2010. (2011) Fierce Telecom. Retrieved June 9, 2011 from  http://www.fiercetelecom.com/press_releases/att-investments-sustainability-yield-results-2010 

Adelman, T. (2010). For telecom industry, energy efficiency is only half the equation. . Retrieved June 7, 2011 from  http://www.environmentalleader.com/2010/11/08/for-telecom-industry-energy-efficiency-is-only-half-of-the-equation/ 

Bakrie Telecom is the pioneer of green business. 2011. The Jakarta Post. Retrieved June 7, 2011 from  http://bataviase.co.id/node/648347 

Bardelline, J. (2011). ULE creates sustainability standard for cell phones. Greenbiz.com Web site. Retrieved June 7, 2011 from  http://www.greenbiz.com/news/2011/01/06/ule-creates-sustainability-standard-mobile-phones

There are a handful of ways in which Verizon can improve its research program. The typical research process is to use surveys to find out what customers desire and then use exploratory and applied techniques to devise products and services that meet those needs. One drawback to this is that it omits those needs which the customers do not conceive. Customers typically view product improvements in terms of incremental changes to the existing product. They have limited capacity to conceive of entirely new products. In an industry characterized by intense competition and technological leaps, it is precisely those game-changing innovations that win companies market share.

Yet, Verizon seems content to let their partners, such as Research in Motion, take the lead with regards to product innovation. Thus, I would add another vein of exploratory research to Verizon's research mix. They should use a more open-ended exploratory form of research to help…...

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Works Cited

Staggs, Lynn & Smith, Jim. (2008)

Verizon completes successful research trial of automated fiber-optic cross connections. Verizon. Retrieved November 14, 2008 at  http://newscenter.verizon.com/press-releases/verizon/2008/verizon-completes-successful.html 

Keitt, TJ & Bortner, Brad. (2008). The Verizon Information Research Network utilizes technology for strategic impact. NorthernLight.com. Retrieved November 14, 2008 at  http://www.northernlight.com/downloads/Forrester%20-%20Verizon%20Information%20Research%20Network%20Utilizes%20Technology%20For%20Strategic%20Impact.pdf 

Lucht, Peter. (2008). Leading market research firm ranks Verizon business as a 'leader' among U.S.-based enterprise providers. Verizon. Retrieved November 14, 2008 at  http://newscenter.verizon.com/press-releases/verizon/2008/leading-market-research-firm.html

Also the alternative voice over IP providers such as Vonage, at & T. is expected to enhance the market share during the period. The demand for wireless connectivity by the direct consumers will also increase having wide choices to choose from like 3G, Wi-Fi, WiMAX. The SSLs and VPNs will dominate in the field of single-user remote access while the IPSec based installations will be resorted to in respect of the network-to-network use. And finally the WiMAX-based services are expected to influence the overall market.
eferences

Carew, Sinead. "WiMax May Pose Fresh Challenge to Broadband" (3 February, 2005)

etrieved at http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=technologyNews&storyID=7749299. Accessed on 10 March, 2005

Gabriel, Caroline. (2005) "WiMAX Ambitions Depend on Success in Newly Available

Spectrum" etrieved at http://www.wimaxtrends.com/feature.htm. Accessed on 10 March, 2005

Home Entertainment Networks" (2002) etrieved at http://www.ruleweb.com/wdvl/homenetworking.pdf. Accessed on 10 March, 2005

ILECs Headed for Extinction, According to META Group" (January 30, 2005)

The Industry Analyst eporter. etrieved at http://www.industryanalystreporter.com/T2/Analyst_esearch/esearchAnnouncementsDetails.asp?Newsid=4405Accessed on…...

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References

Carew, Sinead. "WiMax May Pose Fresh Challenge to Broadband" (3 February, 2005)

Retrieved at   Accessed on 10 March, 2005http://www.reuters.com/newsArticle.jhtml?type=technologyNews&storyID=7749299 .

Gabriel, Caroline. (2005) "WiMAX Ambitions Depend on Success in Newly Available

Spectrum" Retrieved at   Accessed on 10 March, 2005http://www.wimaxtrends.com/feature.htm .

features of telecommunications networks, including key networking technologies. Cover the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, including each logical layer.
The OSI layer covers the different layers and types of communication that occurs within a network. The layers, in order of complexity from greatest to lowest are application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link and physical. The physical layer is the actual transport medium like network cable and such while routers and switches address much of the middle layers while the "window" to the user is the application layer at the very top. Telecommoniciation networks, and this is something that will be answered more in-depth later in this report, are very computer driven and are in many ways indistinguishable from regular computer networks as phone and conventional internet networks are very much one and the same and this is especially true when speaking Voice over IP (VOIP) technologies and the like.…...

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References

DigiCert. (2014, February 20). What Is SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and What Are SSL

Certificates?. DigiCert Inc.. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from  http://www.digicert.com/ssl.htm 

Kratsas, G. (2014, February 18). Reports: Target warned before data breach. USA

Today. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from  http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/02/14/target-warned-breach/5494911/

This allows access to the WAN resources over the Internet. It entails secure access to HHSC resources applying encryption. This enhances the security by regulating the protocols that the workstations can access. It has regulatory access to the applications to which the employee is not authorized. (DI Wide Area Network (WAN) Operations) Each of the TCP/IP network requires a unique IP address. An IP address is a 32-bit number that specifically identifies a network interface on a machine. The IP address constitutes some decimal digits.
It is formatted in forms of four 8-bit fields demarcated by periods. Such form of representations of IP address is sometimes referred to dotted decimal format. The IP address is dived into two categories -- the network part and the host part. The network part indicates the specified number assigned to the specific network. This also assists in identifying the class of the network assigned.…...

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References

DIR Wide Area Network (WAN) Operations" Retrieved at   Accessed 17 August, 2005http://www.dir.state.tx.us/hhscn/operations.htm .

IP Addressing Scheme" Retrieved at Accessed 17 August, 2005http://www.idevelopment.info/data/Networking/Networking_Basics/BASICS_IP_Addressing_Scheme.shtml.

LAN Technologies" Retrieved at Accessed 17 August, 2005http://www.wb.nic.in/nicnet/lan1.html.

Routing" Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved at   17 August, 2005http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoutingAccessed 

privatization of the telecommunication industry in Nigeria
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND SCALE MEASUREMENT

There is much controversy with regard to the contemporary privatized telecommunication companies. In order to gain a more complex understanding of the topic, one would have to interact with people and observe how they feel with regard to the fact that telecommunication companies are being privatized. By addressing senior managers, government officials, consultants, and academia, the research methodology process aims at providing accurate information regarding the way that specific communities feel toward the fact that capitalism is slowly but surely taking over the telecommunication industry in the country.

Measurement is one of the most important steps in this process, taking into account that, in order for it to be reliable and valid, the researcher needs to have a very good understanding of the concepts he or she is measuring.

In order to achieve best results with the questionnaire survey, research is…...

Zain Telecommunications Kuwait
The purpose of this group project is to provide an opportunity for students to make the application of concepts covered in this course to a real Kuwaiti firm. The firm considered in the project is Zain Telecommunications Kuwait. Zain is a top mobile telecommunications provider in the Middle East and North Africa. The company was initially established in the year 1983 in Kuwait and was known as Mobile Telecommunications Company (MTC). The company made major strides by becoming the first mobile operator in the Middle East region. As the company instigated its expansion approach in 2003, Zain experienced immense growth rate in not only the Middle East, but also in Africa. This is predominantly owing to the acquirement of numerous mobile operators across the region. Four years later, Mobile Telecommunications Company underwent a rebranding to become Zain. This was purposed to better mirror the company's improving position as…...

Sprint Nextel Telecommunications
The business environment that is influenced by the process of globalization determines companies to develop flexible strategies in order to be able to ensure their position on the market. The competition in most business fields has increased as a result of companies expanding their activity on international level. The environmental factors that have determined the financial crisis have influenced the purchasing behavior of customers. This is because the incomes of numerous individuals have been reduced as a result f the crisis. This situation has significantly affected most companies. Their revenues have also been reduced.

Therefore, these companies were determined to identify markets able to ensure their necessary of customers, but that could also help them reduce their production costs by outsourcing some of their processes. This is an important factor that requires that companies increase their efforts in the attempt of improving their strategic management skills. These skills are…...

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4. Torrington, D. et al. (2008). Human Resources Management. Prentice Hall. Retrieved September 9, 2012 from  http://books.google.ro/books?id=x8_C9NJHtYMC&pg=PA263&lpg=PA263&dq=human+resources+motivation&source=bl&ots=XKnd0nJ34E&sig=hMFL6IPx4LyH-NX3u04-M43eVWA&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=UehMUJuBAs3csgbEmICgDg&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=human%20resources%20motivation&f=false .

5. Gershon, R. (2008). Telecommunications and Business Strategy. Retrieved September 9, 2012 from  http://books.google.ro/books?id=ONM9uRyUTtAC&pg=PA250&lpg=PA250&dq=sprint+nextel+strategy&source=bl&ots=AYLa16wn-R&sig=QTHCo6qmngv2E0htr-dCWscw-fw&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=MulMUIblFMrEtAa504HACw&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=sprint%20nextel%20strategy&f=false .

6. Hill, C. & Jones, G. (2007). Strategic Management: An Integrated Approach. Houghton Mifflin Company. Retrieved September 9, 2012 from  http://books.google.ro/books?id=0588ekqiqQAC&pg=RA1-PA395&lpg=RA1-PA395&dq=sprint+nextel+strategy&source=bl&ots=lRP94mHq1R&sig=kwxvg5XShaZ20H1tbbzoBzg7UX0&hl=ro&sa=X&ei=xOlMUOaQHc_KtAalmoGYAQ&ved=0CF4Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=sprint%20nextel%20strategy&f=false .

Competency of Telecommunication Companies
Historically, in the telecommunication industry, service quality has been largely determined by the monopolistic service providers. These suppliers either operated as the private companies under government regulation or consisting of government agencies themselves. Therefore, customers had minimum control over the services quality they consumed. However, the evolutionary of the telecoms technology began to transform with the simultaneous advent of telecoms liberalization in the U.S., UK and Japan in the mid-980s. Liberalization created more flexibilities and opportunities for new entrants who would compete with the incumbents in these three countries - AT&T, British Telecom, and NTT (Fransman, 2004). ABC Country also followed the liberalization steps in the telecommunication industry, which resulted in government opened up the cellular service application by issuing licenses to commercial operators who are able to provide cellular service. The liberation causes the previous monopolistic government linked service provider needed to compete in the opened…...

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1.3 Telecommunication as a Field of Study

The telecommunications industry has been undergoing profound global changes during the last decades. Fransman (2004) analyses the transformation of the 'old' telecommunications industry which in the mid-1980s was taken apart with the extinction of the then dominant monopolies in countries such as Japan, the U.S. And the UK. This wave of liberalization reached Europe and the countries of Latin America in the 1990s. According to Fransman (2004), even more important was the technological advance that originates the 'infocommunication' industry supported by a triad of technologies: packet-switching, internet protocol and World Wide Web.

In the ABC Country case, the state acted as the sole provider of telecommunication services until the mid-1980s. The privatization process witnessed a strong movement of local companies partnered with foreign technology suppliers seeking to position themselves in the local market. Consequently, the industry is liberalized and opened. Furthermore, the lower entry cost

Modulation Techniques
What are the applications of modulation techniques in telecommunications?

Telecommunications modulating is a necessary process for an information bearing signal (as a waveform) to pass precisely through a transmission source. It is assigning a suitable wave using these procedures. The way it works is select characteristics of the carrier wave is varied in compliance with the signal (i.e. The modulating wave). It is then, transmitted through a channel with the original signal recovered in a process known as demodulation. This provides the receiver with all of the data and information, as it was intended from the sender. (Wright, 2004) (Horak, 2007)

There are multiple techniques which are used during the process. The most notable include: amplitude shift keying, binary phase shift keying and multiple phase shift keying. According to Wright (2004) and Horak (2007), each one of these is used to transmit the signal and provide the receiving party with the…...

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References

Horak, R. (2007). Telecommunications and Data Communications Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Nassar, C. (2001). Telecommunications Demystified. Eagle Rock, VA: LLH Technology.

Villner, A. (2013). Optical Fiber Telecommunications. Oxford: Academic Press.

Wright, E. (2004). Practical Telecommunications and Wireless Communications. Burlington, VT: Ensliver.

The Technological Revolution in Transportation and Communication

Technology has played a profound role in shaping the evolution of transportation and communication methods, transforming them from rudimentary means of travel and exchange into the sophisticated systems we rely on today. This technological revolution has dramatically altered the way we connect with others, explore the world, and conduct our daily lives.

Transportation

Steam Engine: The invention of the steam engine in the 18th century marked a pivotal point in transportation history. It enabled the development of steam-powered trains, ships, and automobiles, revolutionizing both long-distance travel and the movement of goods.
Internal Combustion Engine: The....

In conclusion, Mexico operates under a mixed economic system that combines market economy and planned economy elements. This system promotes innovation, balances social responsibilities, and maintains a diverse economic structure. However, drawbacks such as excessive taxation, government monopolies, and ineffective regulations can hinder economic growth. The market structure in Mexico consists of dominant firms in sectors like telecommunications, cement, electricity, and petroleum. This structure impacts output, prices, and profitability, affecting consumers and producers differently based on the type of market power involved, such as oligopoly and monopoly. The COVID-19 pandemic has had both positive and negative impacts on households and....

One way to use technology for better patient care is by implementing predictive analytics. By analyzing large amounts of data, healthcare providers can identify patterns and trends that may lead to potential health issues. This can help in predicting and preventing adverse events, such as medication errors or hospital readmissions.

Another way technology can improve patient care is by giving patients digital access to their health records. This allows patients to have more control over their own healthcare information and enables them to easily share this information with different healthcare providers. Having access to their health records can also help patients....

Strategies to Accelerate AFCFTA Implementation for Enhancing Trade in Services in Africa
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) holds immense potential for fostering trade in services across the continent. However, its implementation requires the adoption of targeted strategies to overcome existing barriers and leverage opportunities.
1. Policy Harmonization and Regulatory Alignment:
Harmonizing regulations and standards across borders reduces trade costs and improves market access.
Establishing clear guidelines for cross-border service provision, including licensing, certification, and recognition of qualifications.
Implementing mutual recognition agreements facilitates the seamless movement of professionals and service providers between countries.
2. Infrastructure Development and Connectivity:
Investing in reliable and....