(the Bush Tax Cut: One Year Later)
The members of the AFSCME believe that the Taxes imposed under the Bush administration has influenced them very unenthusiastically, since it has assisted to restrict their capability to concentrate on vital national problems for fairly a few years, due to the reality that the Tax Act comprises every clause that would help the affluent and well-to-do and might add more new tax cuts slowly, and the entire would render the ultimate bill more costly than even George Bush had planned for it to be. Ultimately, every household holding job would be harshly hit by the plan. Besides, its influence on the question of Public Debt is worrying as well. The reality that novel Tax Cut might rescind the Estate Tax is an issue of apprehension as well, particularly since a majority of the states normally share this proceeds with the federal government. (the…...

Tax Cuts
The current economic circumstances of the United States are dire. Political strategists and economic specialists have been trying to formulate plans for how to alleviate the situation and save the economy. Many have argued that the most important step in economic recovery is in the creation of new jobs so that the current unemployment, which is now more than 10%, will lessen. This is very important, but another step in recovering the economy is to determine how taxes should be utilized. Some argue that raising taxes will pump more money into the economy. Those people however, are neglecting the fact that there are so many people out of work. This places a higher burden on the working class citizens of America who are forced to pick up the slack. ith more money going to taxes and less funds on hand, more people are losing their homes and going into…...

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Works Cited:

Biggs, Michael (2010). "Credit and Economic Recovery: Demystifying Phoenix Miracles."

Johnson, Dave (2010). "Do Tax Cuts Help the Economy?" Huffington Post.

Krugman, Paul (2011). "Living Without Discretionary Fiscal Policy." The Washington Post.

O'Sullivan, Arthur (2003). Economics: Principles in Action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey:

Tax Cuts
How Tax Cuts Stimulate the Economy

There are two basic economic theories competing in America today: Keynesian and Classical. Keynesian economic theory calls for the government to influence the economy through government expenditures and collecting of taxes. Classical economic theory asserts that market forces keep the economy in balance and the government should not interfere. However in a strange way, both theories claim tax cuts can stimulate economic growth, the only difference is who gets the tax cuts. Tax cuts for the ordinary American, according to the Keynesian supporters, will put more money into the economy, stimulating economic growth. On the other hand, Classical economists claim that tax cuts for the wealthy will stimulate investment, create jobs, and stimulate economic growth.

Many Classical economists assert that an "Expansionary Fiscal Policy" can, through the lowering of taxes, increase the productivity of the economy, if the tax cuts are aimed at those with…...

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References

Campbell, JL, & Allen, M.P. (March 1994). The political economy of revenue extraction in the modern state: a time-series analysis of U.S. income taxes, 1916- 1986. Social Forces, 72, n3. p.643(27). Retrieved May 23, 2011, from Academic OneFile.

Lacker, JM, & Weinberg, JA (Summer 2007). Inflation and unemployment: a layperson's guide to the Phillips curve. Economic Quarterly, 93, 3. p.201(27). Retrieved May 23, 2011, from Academic OneFile.

ZELIZER, JE (June 2000). The Forgotten Legacy of the New Deal: Fiscal Conservatism and the Roosevelt Administration, 1933-1938. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 30, 2. p.331. Retrieved May 23, 2011, from Academic OneFile.

Each argument presented is predicated on the idea that the budget deficit is a critical problem that must be addressed, and that the tax cuts are critical element of addressing the deficit. Long-term interest rates on U.S. Treasuries are below 5%, indicating that there is little concern in the markets about the creditworthiness of the U.S. government -- deficits are not worrying the markets, only the politicians. This would imply that it is economically safe to allow all of the tax cuts to continue. Even though there are other causes of deficit -- bailouts and wars in particular -- and other means of addressing the long-run deficit such as health care reform, the Bush tax cuts still accounted for 25% of this year's deficit (Gale, 2010). As such, not extended the tax cuts can have a significant impact on the deficit, in particular when combined with measures to control other…...

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Works Cited:

Gale, W. (2010) Five myths about the Bush tax cuts. Washington Post. Retrieved December 1, 2010 from  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/30/AR2010073002671.html 

Haris, L. (2010). Raise taxes now -- the elders of the economy say so. CNN Money. Retrieved December 1, 2010 from  http://money.cnn.com/2010/08/09/news/economy/elders_economy/index.htm 

Isidore, C. (2010). Economists: Extend Bush tax cuts for everyone. CNN. Retrieved December 1, 2010 from  http://money.cnn.com/2010/09/19/news/economy/what_to_do_economists_survey/index.htm 

Krugman, P. (2010). Tax cuts and the economy. New York Times. Retrieved December 1, 2010 from  http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/08/05/tax-cuts-and-the-economy/

Congress recently passed a tax cut package. Depending on who one might ask, the tax cut will turbocharge the economy or it will lead to massive deficits in the years to come. The article that is summarized in this brief report looks at a take and summary from the New York Times. The verdict, in short, is that “time will tell” as to whether or not the tax cut will achieve the desired result. The article first points to a few claims that President Trump made during his recent State of the Union address. One of those claims, of course, related to the tax cut package that was passed and how it was the “biggest” in the history of the country. The article’s authors, James Stewart, admits straight away that the current form and function of the economy is very strong. However, Stewart is also quick to point out that…...

eaton also adds that low and moderate income people tend to spend money on goods and services that are more likely to result directly in jobs and incomes in the community (the spending continues multiplying on a secondary or tertiary basis). Higher income people spend in a way that contributes to "leakage" to their local economy by taking trips to buying non-local goods and services.
The implication of eaton's article is that tax cuts should be directed at low and moderate income people to stimulate the economy. Perhaps, from a strictly MPC point-of-view, this is correct. but, high income people also invest which stimulates the economy and this should have been explored as well.

ibliography

51% Say Cut Everybody's Taxes to Stimulate the Economy (2009, June 11). Rasmussen Reports. http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/business/economic_stimulus_package/june_2009/51_say_cut_everybody_s_taxes_to_stimulate_the_economy

eaton, R. (2003) the Idolatry of ideology Alternatives Magazine. http://www.alternativesmagazine.com/25/beaton.html...

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Bibliography

51% Say Cut Everybody's Taxes to Stimulate the Economy (2009, June 11). Rasmussen Reports.  http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/business/economic_stimulus_package/june_2009/51_say_cut_everybody_s_taxes_to_stimulate_the_economy 

Beaton, R. (2003) the Idolatry of ideology Alternatives Magazine.  http://www.alternativesmagazine.com/25/beaton.html

ith the extra money that businesses make, they not only invest it, but they pay some of that in taxes as well. Those taxes go to government, which can spend more. Government spending also fuels increases in business income. As governments collect more taxes from business, they can reduce consumer taxes further.
The net effect of all of this is that lowering taxes on consumers can have an exponential effect on increasing the Gross National Product. Tax reductions not only have a direct effect, but they have indirect effects that filter throughout the nation's economy. In this way, cutting taxes boosts the economy.

orks Cited:

Cloutier, R. (2009). Do tax cuts stimulate the economy? Investopedia. Retrieved November 29, 2009 from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/tax_cuts.asp?viewed=1

orks Cited:...

Sugary sodas contain corn syrup, but the American Agricultural Department subsidizes American farmers for growing corn, and this is one of the reasons that high-fructose corn syrup is so ubiquitous in the food supply. e are taxing corn syrup and subsidizing it at the same time, in other words. "The bigger issue, which the industry neither can nor particularly cares to rebut, is that the product [corn syrup] exists at all. e pump absurd quantities of cash into subsidizing corn (we also have a huge tariff on Brazilian sugar cane, incidentally). Over the past 10 years alone, Congress has appropriated more than $50 billion to encourage farmers to grow the stuff. But people don't want to eat $50 billion in subsidized corn. And if the cobs just sat around developing mold, Congress would cut off the spigot. Enter high fructose corn syrup, which sucks up the subsidies and created…...

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Works Cited

Adamy, Jane. "Soda Tax Weighed to Pay for Health Care." The Wall Street Journal. May 12,

2009.  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124208505896608647.html 

Klein, Ezra. "The Problem with Corn Syrup. The American Prospect. 2008.

 http://www.prospect.org/csnc/blogs/ezraklein_archive?month=09&year=2008&base_name=the_problem_with_corn_syrup&35

ill ignoring any pollution problem be beneficial to the community? Most businessmen would probably answer that question with a negative, but does that mean they feel compelled to do anything about the problem, even if their corporation was the one that caused it. Currently the answer would be no, but if they were going to be penalized for not doing so, and that penalty was coupled with an incentive for accomplishing the objective, then it would probably be a no-brainer, even based on the businessman's viewpoint.
Peter Coy states; "A few polluters that cannot easily reduce emissions will pay a substantial cost, but those with the technology to cut emissions cheaply will have a far greater incentive to do so than they would have under traditional regulation." The same technology used to accomplish a cleanup, can also be used for other reasons, which is an additional benefit to the corporations.

Another…...

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Works Cited

Coy, P. (1997) Clean Air in an Era of Cheap Oil, Businessweek, November 3, 1997, pg 144

Hoerner, J.A., (2005) Tax Waste, Not Work,   Accessed Sept 15, 2007http://www.tompaine.com/articles/tax_waste_not_work.php ,

Kripke, G., Dunkiel, B., (1998) Taxing the Environment: Corporate tax Breaks to Promote Environmental Destruction, Multinational Monitor, Vol. 19, Number 9, pp 9-15

Morris, D., (2005) Restructuring Minnesota's Tax System: Taxing Pollution Rather Than Work and Investment, Testimony before the Minnesota House of Representatives Committee on Taxes, February 23, 1995,   Accessed Sept 15, 2007http://www.ilsr.org/ecotax/gtaxtest.html ,

d.).
Presently the government manipulates the books around in order to compensate for any tax cuts that they give. In reality, the vital thing for the government to do is to discontinue spending money. While this is not always reasonable, it is essential to make sure that the people and corporations of the nation can flourish. Tax cuts, when put into practice for long-term consequences, will offer a momentous increase in the market (How Do Tax Cuts Help the Economy, n.d.).

Due to the model of fairness, cutting taxes is by no means an easy task. There are two distinct notions that are at play. These are horizontal equity and vertical equity. Horizontal equity is the scheme that all people should be taxed uniformly. An instance of horizontal equity is the sales tax, where the quantity paid is a proportion of the object being bought. The tax rate remains the same whether…...

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References

Cloutier, Richard. (2011). Do Tax Cuts Stimulate The Economy? Retrieved from  http://www.investopedia.com/articles/07/tax_cuts.asp 

How Do Tax Cuts Help The Economy? (n.d.). Retrieved from  http://www.taxforuminfo.com/how-do-tax-cuts-help-the-economy/

Income Tax Deduction
Taxes have existed in the United States for all of its existence but they took on many forms prior to the modern income tax. The income tax was not finalized and permanently ensconced in the United States law until the 1910's. The tax rates, at its normal levels, have been adjusted upwards and downwards depending on the economic cycles with the most recently developments being the "Bush Tax Cuts" of the 2000's and the recent tax spikes under the Obama Administration. While income taxes affect some more than others, nearly all people are affected based on the assets/income they possess and earn as well as the familial structure they maintain.

Common Tax Deductions

As noted in the introduction, familial status and assets/income are far and away the biggest determinants on how much tax is paid, if any. Indeed, some people actually get money from the government and technically have a…...

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References

IRS. (2014, February 28). Internal Revenue Service. 401(k) Plans. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from  http://www.irs.gov/Retirement-Plans/401 (k)-Plans

IRS. (2014, February 28). The Health Insurance Marketplace. The Health Insurance Marketplace. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from  http://www.irs.gov/uac/Newsroom/The-Health-Insurance-Marketplace 

IRS. (2014, February 28). SOI Tax Stats - S Corporation Statistics. SOI Tax Stats - S Corporation Statistics. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from  http://www.irs.gov/uac/SOI-Tax-Stats-S-Corporation-Statistics 

IRS. (2014, February 28). EP Abusive Tax Transactions - S Corporation ESOP Abuse of Delayed Effective Date for Section 409(p). EP Abusive Tax Transactions - S Corporation ESOP Abuse of Delayed Effective Date for Section 409(p). Retrieved February 28, 2014, from  http://www.irs.gov/Retirement-Plans/EP-Abusive-Tax-Transactions-S-Corporation-ESOP-Abuse-of-Delayed-Effective-Date-for-Section-409 (p)

Economic Implications of Tax Cut
ith Clinton set to make tax cuts part of her platform for the 2016 election campaign, the implications of a tax cut on the U.S. economy are something to consider (Meckler). However, the fact that the political elite are using "tax cuts" as a stumping platform should indicate exactly how much "impact" that would really have on the economy. Considering the history of the U.S. economy, the system of state-sponsored usury that exists, the tight control of the Fed over interest rates (the control of which effects the economy a great deal more than "tax cuts" -- a point which will be discussed in this paper), the trillions of dollars of debt currently being carried by taxpayers, and the relationship between the financing giants of all Street and the political staples of ashington who supposedly represent "Main Street" but in reality represent the vested interests…...

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Works Cited

Durden, Tyler. "All of ZeroHedge." ZeroHedge. 13 July 2015. Web.

Gale, William G., Samwick, Andrew A. "Effects of Income Tax Changes on Economic

Growth." Economic Studies at Brookings. September 2014. Web.

Johnston, David. "Tax Cuts Can Do More Harm Than Good." AlJazeera America. 18

Dividend Tax
Capital gains and dividend taxes were both initiated in the early 1970's, by the Democratic Party. efore dividend taxes were enforced, the government made its money through higher aftertax yields, The dividend tax was originally supposed to be a progressive measure, so that the wealthiest paid correspondingly more than the poorest because they had benefited more. At this time, only the wealthy invested in stocks. This is no longer true. Most middle-class people today are investors in the market and they do not have the expensive accountants hired by the rich to shield their investments from tax.

Investing in the stock market has become far more widespread over the last two decades, as 84 million people - representing nearly half of all American households - owning stock. Tax-deferred investment tools such as 401(k) plans and individual retirement accounts (IRAs) have placed millions of Americans who make $60,000 or less per…...

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Bibliography

Beach, William. (January 23, 2003). Just what our economy needs. San Diego Union-Tribune. (Berlau, John. *February 6, 2003). Accounting firm fights dividend-tax cut. WorldNetDaily. Retrieved from the Internet at http://civilliberty.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp%3FARTICLE%5FID=30894.

Centre for International Co-operation and Development. (2003). Corporate Income Tax. Retrieved from the Internet at  http://www.gzs.si/ENG/busenv/financ61.htm .

Edwards, Chris. (January 7, 2003). Nearly All Major Countries Provide Dividend Tax Relief. The Cato Institute. Retrieved from the Internet at  http://www.cato.org/dailys/01-07-03-2.html .

Hall, Joshua. (January 31, 2003). Dumping fed dividend tax practical on several levels. Columbus Business First. Retrieved from the Internet at  http://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/stories/2003/02/03/editorial3.html .

orks Cited

Thorndike, Joseph J. "The IRS Is Hiding Its History." The ashington Times.

December 19, 1997, p. A23. February 18, 2008. http://www.taxhistory.org/thp/readings.nsf/cf7c9c870b600b9585256df80075b9dd/9de7fcd59915a3be85256e430079327d?OpenDocument

Question

After 9/11, the Federal Reserve Bank, then led by Alan Greenspan, used monetary policy reduced the interest rate, or the rate that consumers must pay to borrow money. This did encourage individuals to spend more. However, it is still debatable if this was the most vital component in extricating America from the throws of economic recession. Government spending, or fiscal as opposed to monetary policy, is often seen as a more direct and superior way to rapidly change economic conditions. Fiscal policy was required to stimulate America's recovery from the Great Depression, according to conventional wisdom, although some still argue that it was the Hoover administration's monetary policy that was ineffective, not that monetary policy was ineffective altogether.

But most economists believe that, to get the economy 'moving' again, spending by…...

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Works Cited

Heakal, Reem. "What is fiscal policy?" Investopedia. October 22, 2008.  http://www.investopedia.com/articles/04/051904.asp 

Question

Fairness does matter when creating a tax system. In terms of a consumption tax, the poor often consume more than the rich, at least in terms of a percentage of their income. While for a wealthy individual, much of his income can be locked up in assets, making money off of money, for a poor individual, the bulk of his or her income is devoted to buying necessary goods, including rent and food. The consumption tax taxes everyone equally on the surface, regardless of how someone has benefited from the economic system of a particular society, and actually favors those who can allocate their income to sectors of the economy that are not taxed (such as investments, which are not technically consumption).

A flat tax, where everyone pays the same amount, has similar problems in terms of allocating wealth. 15% of a poor person's income, a person who must pay for his or her rent, food, and necessities out of his or her weekly paycheck, means more to that individual than 15% of an income where much of that income can be devoted to investments and luxuries. While not as unfair as a consumption tax as investment income is also taxed, a flat tax is still unfair, and finding the right percentage to finance government operations yet not to be prohibitively costly for the poorest members of society is a difficult balance to strike. The only good thing about the flat tax is its simplicity, as along with the consumption tax as it requires less bureaucracy to enforce. Bureaucracy is expensive as well as frustrating (as anyone who has ever had to fill out a tax form beyond the standard EZ-file well knows!).

American Tax System vs. Other Countries
The federal government first imposed an individual income tax in 1862 as an emergency means of financing the Civil ar. It also established the Bureau of Internal Revenue, predecessor of the Internal Revenue Service. Tax rates were 3% on income from $600 to $10,000 and 5% on income above $10,000. Later in the war the maximum rate increased to 10% of income." (Encarta)

My how times have changed. This paper will compare the tax systems of four different countries to the American tax system. The four countries that have been chosen are South Africa, Mexico, Hong Kong, and New Zealand..

First lets attempt to briefly (if that were possible) explain the American tax system.

The American Tax System

America has a progressive tax system meaning the greatest tax burden is on people who have the most income. The American tax system can be described as long and complicated. The…...

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Works Cited

Corporate Service Center. "Federal Tax Rates." April16, 2002http://www.corporateservicecenter.com/Corp/federal_tax_rates.htm.

Film New Zealand. "New Zealand's tax Environment." Jan. 2002  http://www.filmnz.com/filmnz/Content/Production/Development/Taxation/Taxation.html 

Flags of the World.   April17, 2001http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/mx.html .

Henry, Aaron. "The South African Tax System: A Nation is Microcosm." Dec. 6,1999:

Consumer Confidence and Economic Growth

Consumer confidence serves as a vital indicator of the overall economic health of a nation. It measures the level of optimism and trust consumers have in the economy, directly influencing their spending patterns and investment decisions. Changes in consumer confidence can have a profound impact on economic growth.

Positive Changes in Consumer Confidence

When consumer confidence is high, individuals are more likely to spend money on discretionary items, such as travel, entertainment, and durable goods. This increased spending stimulates economic activity, leading to higher production, job creation, and overall economic growth.

Increased Consumer Spending: Consumers with strong confidence....

The Impact of Diverted Profit Tax (DPT) on Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in the United Kingdom has been a topic of debate and research in recent years. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing studies and research on this subject, focusing on quantitative analysis.
One study by Alstadsæter et al. (2017) analyzed the impact of the UK's introduction of DPT on MNCs. The study found that the tax had a significant effect on the behavior of MNCs, leading to a decrease in profit shifting activities. However, the study also highlighted some unintended consequences, such as a decrease in....

Topic 1: The Rhetorical Strategies of Donald Trump

Analyze Trump's use of language, imagery, and emotional appeals in his speeches and public statements.
Examine the effectiveness of his rhetorical devices in shaping public opinion and influencing policy.
Discuss the impact of Trump's rhetoric on American political discourse and the role it played in his electoral success.

Topic 2: The Impact of Donald Trump on American Foreign Policy

Trace the evolution of Trump's foreign policy from his isolationist campaign promises to his actions as President.
Analyze the effects of Trump's "America First" doctrine on U.S. relations with allies and adversaries.
Examine the....