Apple Supplier Code of Conduct
Apple Inc.'s Supplier Code of Conduct delineates the company's high standards for generating safer work settings, treating employees equitably, and making use of environmentally responsible practices. The company has made significant strides to form one of the most stringent codes of conduct within the industry and more often than not necessitates practices that go above and beyond the local rules and regulations. The company's suppliers are obligated to be in compliance with the Code of Conduct by meeting the strict requirements in Apple's Supplier esponsibility Standards (Apple Inc., 2017). This paper discusses the distinctive changes that Apple has made to its Code of Conduct in the past few years.

Accountability

Through audits, Apple is able to build the competencies of its suppliers. The company does this through an established four-phase procedure to facilitate them in being compliant with the Code of Conduct. The first phase is audit prioritization.…...

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References

Apple Inc. (2017). Supplier Responsibility. Retrieved from:  https://www.apple.com/supplier-responsibility/ 

Apple Inc. (2017). 2016 Progress Report. Retrieved from:

Global Business Environment
Ongoing challenges in the global business environment are mostly attributed to unethical business practices, failure to embrace technology advancements, and intense competition among businesses. Apple Inc. is an example of a company that has faced challenges in the global business environment because of unethical business practices with regards to its suppliers' compliance with the company's code of conduct. Despite safety being one of the major components of Apple's operations, the company is renowned for having suppliers that are abusive to their workers. For instance, Wintek and Foxconn are among the firm's electronics suppliers with factories characterized by terrible working conditions. However, when Apple's supplier code of conduct is raised, the situation with these suppliers remains the same and contributes to numerous concerns regarding compliance. As a result, Apple has made several changes to its Code of Conduct in recent years, which have generated new standards for suppliers…...

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References

Kaiser, T. (2012, January 27). Report: Apple's Suppliers Continuously Violate Code of Conduct,

Apple Does Nothing to Change It. Retrieved March 7, 2015, from http://www.dailytech.com/Report+Apples+Suppliers+Continuously+Violate+Code+of+Conduct+Apple+Does+Nothing+to+Change+It/article23867.htm

Nova, S. & Shapiro, I. (2014, March 25). Assessing the Reforms Portrayed by Apple's Supplier

Responsibility Report. Retrieved March 7, 2015, from  http://www.epi.org/publication/assessing-reforms-portrayed-apples-supplier/

Organizational Theory #1
Create a code of ethics for an organization of your choice. For each point in the code of ethics, describe an ethical dilemma that would be resolved using the code of ethics.

All employees will conduct business honestly and ethically. We will constantly improve the quality of our services, products and operations and create a reputation for honesty, fairness, respect, responsibility, integrity, trust and sound business judgment. (Provides a clearly stated, over-arching business philosophy for honesty and fair dealings that every employee can follow).

No illegal or unethical conduct on the part of company employees or affiliates is in the company's best interest. All are expected to adhere to high standards of personal integrity -- not allowing their personal interests to conflict with the interests of the company, its clients or affiliates. We will not compromise our principles for short-term advantage. (Encourages all employees to seek the company's interest first).

All…...

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References

Beauchamp, L., & O'Connor, A. (2012). America's most admired companies: A descriptive analysis of CEO corporate social responsibility statements. Public Relations Review, 38(3), 494-497. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2012.03.006

Jones, G. (2010). Organizational theory, design, and change (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Raytheon Corporation: Code of conduct and ethics
Prelude:

Raytheon Company is a well reputed technology and innovation company which deals in security, defense and civil marketson a global scale. It has a rich and bright history of 92 years and continuing, Raytheon can provide top of the line electronics, integration of mission systems as well as other capabilities indicated below:

• Sensing capabilities

• Effects

• Command and control

• Communications

• Intelligence systems

• A diverse array of mission support services

Raytheon was one of the first startups, which were founded in Cambridge in Massachusetts Institute of Technology on July of 1922. It was started as an American appliance corporation (Raytheon Company, 2014).

The founder of the company was three associates namely:

• Vannevar ush (future dean of engineering department of MIT)

• Charles G. Smith (scientist notable for his work on electrical characteristics of gases)

• Laurence Marshall (an engineer)

Their initial innovation was nothing short of extraordinary. It was S.…...

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Bibliography

Akamai Technologies. (2014). Code of ethics. Retrieved from www.akamai.com/html/policies/code_ethics.html

Corrections Corporations of America. (2005). A guide to our code of ethics and business conduct. Retrived from https://www.cca.com/Media/Default/documents/Social-Responsibility/Fostering-Meaningful-Careers/Code_of_Ethics.pdf

Chunhua, C., & Yihan, N. (n.d.). How to Motivate Employees' Ethical Behavior-Based On Management Control Theory. Retrieved from http://www.seiofbluemountain.com/upload/product/201010/2010qychzh05a2.pdf

Department of Education, Training and the Arts. (2011). Code of conduct. Retrieved from  http://deta.qld.gov.au/right-to-information/pdf/codecond.pdf

Corporate Conduct
Global corporations are often difficult to control because they operate in various countries throughout the world. As such actions that may be illegal in some countries are perfectly legal in others. Furthermore law enforcement officials and governments do not have the power to enforce laws that are outside of their jurisdictions. These issues call into question the effectiveness mechanisms that exist to control global corporate conduct. The purpose of this discussion is to Assess the effectiveness of various mechanisms that exist to control global corporate conduct and recommend a mechanism that I believe is the most effective.

Survey of Mechanisms and their Advantages/Disadvantages

Private Regulation

Private regulations employ civil regulations to compel transnational corporations to operate according to a certain set of standards. According to the "defining feature of civil regulation is that its legitimacy, governance and implementation is not rooted in public authority. Operating beside or around the state rather than…...

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Bibliography

Fritsch, S.(2008) The UN Global Compact and the Global Governance

of Corporate Social Responsibility: ComplexMultilateralism for a More Human Globalisation? Global Society, Vol. 22, No. 1, pg. 2-26

Haufler, V. 2003 "Globalization and Industry Self-Regulation," in Governance in A Global Economy: Political Authority in Transition, Miles Kahler and David Lake, eds. Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 226

Haufler, V. 2002 The Public Role for the Private Sector, and The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance Rodney Hall and Thomas Biersteker, eds. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Apple Case Study
Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) is a global leader in the development, design, manufacturing and marketing of smartphones, tablets, media devices, personal computers, operating systems, services, peripherals and network solutions. As of December 2014 the company is operating in 16 nations, with 444 open Apple retail outlets (Apple Investor Relations, 2014). The company has 92,600 employees and generated $182 in revenue during their latest financial or fiscal year that ended September 31, 2014 (Apple Investor Relations, 2014). This was a 7% increase over the previous year. The company is very profitable, generating $52.5 in profits in their latest financial reporting year, also increasing 7.2% over 2013. Countries the company operates include Australia, razil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United Kingdom with the majority of stores in the United States (Apple Investor Relations, 2014).

Analysis of Market Systems

The nations that Apple operates in…...

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Bibliography:

Apple - Investor Relations (2014). Retrieved December 27, 2014, from  http://investor.apple.com/ 

Brustein, J. (2014, Oct). New iPads, iMacs, and apple pay: Nine things we learned from Apple. Business Week, 1.

Coy, P. (2014, Nov). Inside Apple's gigantic rewards program for shareholders. Business Week, 1.

Domanico, A. (2014, 11). New iPhones: Roomier, thinner, and speedier. Macworld, 31, 28.

Organizational Ethics
Ethics

In life and in business, there are situations that challenge, question, and test an individual's set of personal and professional ethics. Ethics is a crucial element to sustain a society as well as an organization. This paper will discuss several issues regarding the practice of ethics and the practice of leadership within organizations. The kind of leadership an organization maintains and models for employees plays a significant role in the practice of ethical conduct within the organization as well as ethical conduct during business practices with parties outside of the organization, including suppliers and consumers. As part of this discussion, the paper identifies prominent issues regarding leadership ethics in organizations, factors that directly contribute to the practice or lack of ethics on the individual and organizational levels. With analysis and references to relevant texts, the paper proposes an ethical code for a fictitious company such that there is…...

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References:

Dorasamy, N. (2010) Enhancing an ethical culture through purpose -- directed leadership for improved public service delivery: A case for South Africa. African Journal of Business Management, 4(1), 56 -- 64.

Stanwick, P.A., & Stanwick, S.D. (2009). Understanding business ethics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Waggoner, J. (2010) Ethics and Leadership: How Personal Ethics Produce Effective Leaders. CMC Senior Theses, Available from:   30 June 2012.http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/26 .

Apple (the computer company) with relation to China. The paper will need to focus on the company's product development and supplier relations within the Chinese market.
Apple

"Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL; formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) is an American multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. The company's best-known hardware products are the Macintosh line of computers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. Its software includes the OS X and iOS operating system; the iTunes media browser; and the iLife and iork creativity and production suites. Apple is the world's third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia. Established on April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California, and incorporated January 3, 1977… Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012" (ikipedia: Apple Inc.)

The following essay describes Apple's relationship with China focusing specifically…...

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Wikipedia. Apple Inc.

 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc .

Rathee, J. (2012) Could Apple's China Love Affair Be Over?  http://wallstcheatsheet.com/stocks/could-apples-china-love-affair-be-over.html/

Apple Inc. Ethics
The Apple Inc. has grown exponentially from the years when it diversified from being strictly a computer manufacturing company to production of consumer electronics. It has then had several firms across the world and in some areas places where the labor cost is very low, hence predisposing the organization to possibility of labor abuse. This has then called for strict ethical policies followed by implementation of the same.

According to Apple Inc. (2009), the organization has strived to make sure the employees and those with whom Apple is associated with like the suppliers show appropriate conduct at all times. Its ethical foundation is that all the workers are treated with maximum respect and dignity and that the manufacturing processes are environmentally friendly from the start to the end of the chain. According to Apple, there are four components of integrity; honesty, respect, confidentiality and compliance. To ensure that this…...

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References

Apple Inc. (2009. Apple Supplier Code of Conduct. Retrieved October 22, 2012 from  http://images.apple.com/supplierresponsibility/pdf/Supplier_Code_of_Conduct_V3_1.pdf 

Christina Warren, (2011). Apple Gives Back-to-School Promotion a Mac App Store Twist. Retrieved October 22, 2012 from  http://mashable.com/2011/06/16/mac-app-store-back-to-school/ 

David Murphy, (2011). Apple to Match $10K in Charitable Contributions Per Employee. Retrieved October 22, 2012 from  http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2392762,00.asp

Ethics
With the Starbucks code of conduct, there are a few goods things. First, it touches on a wide range of subjects. There are actually several different reports such as human rights, social responsibility, health care, animal welfare and supplier code of conduct (Starbucks.com, 2014). Second, I like the fact that it addresses the farmers from whom the company buys its beans -- these are people doing manual labor in hot countries, band often do not receive a living wage. So that is good. Third, I like that the company has targets and tracks some of its social responsibility outcomes. This will help the company to improve its social responsibility performance, as well as its ethical performance.

As for the McDonalds statement the company also reflects social responsibility in its statement. This is something that McDonalds has been forced to address by protests and negative publicity and there isn't any real indication…...

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References

McDonalds. (2014). Standards of business conduct for employees. About McDonalds.com. Retrieved April 11, 2014 from  http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/investors/corporate_governance/codes_of_conduct/standards_of_business_conduct.html 

Starbucks.com (2014). Starbucks on the issues. Starbucks. Retrieved April 11, 2014 from  http://www.starbucks.ca/responsibility/learn-more/policies

Corporate esponsibility and Marketing Strategies
Apple Inc. Ethics and social responsibility

Apple is known across the globe for its quality products and up-to-date technology that allows the users to feel to be ahead of other brands hence forming an ardent brand community with great brand loyalty. In order to achieve these technologies, Apple often outsources parts and even services from developing nations particularly in the Asian world. The reason for the preference of the Asian workforce is due to the ability to achieve unprecedented turn around time on new products with speed and flexibility unlike any other regions. They also prefer the sourcing for the production of parts in China which helps them to be close to the hundreds of the manufacturers of components that may be needed as well as the engineers who are central in the production of the final products (Harjani A., 2014). This model of business has proven…...

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References

Apple Inc., (2012). Apple Supplier Code of Conduct: Version 4.0. Effective Date-January 1, 2014. Retrieved January 20, 2015 from  https://www.apple.com/supplier-responsibility/ pdf/Apple_Supplier_Code_of_Conduct.pdf

Arthur C., (2012). Apple supplier audit begins with Foxconn plant. Retrieved January 20, 2015 from  http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/feb/13/apple-supplier-audit-foxconn 

Campbell M, (2013). Apple terminates contract with supplier after audit finds underage labor violations. Retrieved January 20, 2015 from  http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/01/25/apple-severs-ties-with-chinese-supplier-after-audit-finds-74-cases-of-underage-worker-violations 

Harjani A., (2014). Apple manufacturing partner looks to build factory in the U.S. Retrieved January 20, 2015 from  http://www.cnbc.com/id/101364554# .

Nike consistently underreacted to these concerns and as a result created an even larger public relations challenge for themselves by not internalizing it equivalent to a threat to profitability. As with any crisis that gets ignored, the critics only get louder the more they perceive their voices not being heard. For Nike, this continued on for years until they began to aggressively attack the problem as if it were one impacting profits, including the development of auditing and independent monitoring programs, and an open-door policy to Congressional critics who had the power to initial investigations and define if any U.S. laws were being broken or not.
Many of Nike's competitors subcontract production to Asian factories similar to those used by Nike. What was Nike singled out by human rights and labor activists?

Nike was singled out for a variety of reasons. First, the company's lack of seriousness in response to human…...

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References

Vidhi A Chaudhri. (2006). Organising Global CSR: A Case Study of Hewlett-Packard's e-inclusion Initiative*. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship,(23), 39-51.

Kristen Bell DeTienne, and Lee W. Lewis. "The Pragmatic and Ethical Barriers to Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: The Nike Case. " Journal of Business Ethics 60.4 (2005): 359.

Lim, S., and J. Phillips. "Embedding CSR Values: The Global Footwear Industry's Evolving Governance Structure. " Journal of Business Ethics 81.1 (2008): 143-156.

Nadvi, R. "Global standards, global governance and the organization of global value chains." Journal of Economic Geography: Global Production Networks: Debates and Challenges 8.3 (2008): 323-343.

Responses Week 1: One strategic control would obviously be the budget. The budget is one of the main strategic controls. The company determines its spending on R&D, new market entry, marketing for different products, and this spending is indicative of what the company's priorities are for the coming year. If there is no money for something, it is not a priority. If General Mills sees innovation as a pathway forward, it will spend on R&D. If it sees an acquisition as a key strategic pathway, it will put itself in a position to absorb a rival.
Another major strategic control is the rewards system. The rewards a company sets out for its employees will orient the employees towards the specific activities that are being rewarded. If the rewards are general – say, net profit-based- they will orient employees to perform their duties well in a general sense, but that's it, because employees…...

Apple Inc. Investment Analysis and Recommendations
Apple Inc. is an American multinational company specializing in designing and producing mobile telecommunication devices that include iPhone, computer software and hardware, Apple TV, Apple Watch, iPod, and other electronic devices. Apple was incorporated and publicly registered in 1977. Headquartered in California, Apple is one of the most successful American companies in term of revenue with the annual revenue reaching $233.7 billion at the end of 2015 fiscal year. On February 2016, Apple recorded $521.3 billion worth of market capitalization. While Apple designs the bulk of their products in the United States, the company's manufacturing plants are located in China. Apple also operates in Europe, Japan, Canada, and Latin America. (Apple Inc. 2015).

Board of Directors

Apple Inc. Board of Directors is overseeing by the company CEO (Chief Executive Officer) and other competent senior management. The Board oversees the day-to-day operations of the company as well as…...

The second step is to initiate a supplier code of conduct. The greatest potential for ethical violations falls with suppliers such as agricultural firms or offshored service providers, and these violations can result in negative publicity for the company.
Ultimately, it is not expected that these ethical standards will form a competitive advantage for the company. Having high ethical standards is more of a hygiene factor in that it is something a company needs to have to avoid negative impacts, but few companies get any particular competitive mileage from their ethical policies. There is little impetus to join the fair trade or organic businesses for most of the products we sell. hile many consumers are willing to pay more for said products, it remains a niche category especially in Europe and the UK. This usually means that the volumes are too low to justify the effort. Overall, the best approach…...

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Works Cited:

FAO. (2001). Ethical issues in food and agriculture. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved March 22, 2011 from  http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X9601E/X9601E00.htm 

HRW. (2010). Hellish work. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved March 22, 2011 from  http://www.hrw.org/en/node/91458/section/3 

Hussein, M. (2009). Hiring and firing with ethics. Human Resource Management International Digest. Vol. 17 (4) 37-40.

Van Tulder, R. & Kolk, a. (2001). Multinationality and corporate ethics: Codes of conduct in the sporting goods industry. Journal of International Business Studies. Vol. 32 (2) 267-283.