Download stock prices companies - 22 daily closing prices company. You database obtain prices e.g. datastream, yahoo finance . Use prices September 2013 onwards. 2.Present a table companies, dates, prices returns ( %).
The 22 daily closing prices for IM, Microsoft and Apple reflect the period from October 1 to October 30. In order to calculate the price return for each stock, the previous day closing price has been subtracted from the present day closing price and the result was divided by the present day value. The result has been multiplied by 100, to reflect a percentage price return. The formula below resumes this calculation:
R% = ((Rt-Rt-1)/Rt) * 100
The table below shows the closing prices for the three selected companies (IM, Microsoft and Apple), as well as the percentage price returns for each of these companies, for the interval October 1 -- October 30.
IM
Microsoft
Apple
Close Price
Price Return
Close Price
Price Return
Close Price
Price
(a) efore…...
mlaBibliography
1. Levy, H. And Post, T. (2005), Investments, Prentice Hall [LP]
2. Cuthbertson, K. And Nitzsche, D. (2008) Investments -- Spot and Derivative Markets, Wiley [CN].
3. Elton, E., Gruber, M., Brown, S. And Goetzmann, W. (2010) Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis, Wiley [EGBG].
4. Fama, E. (1991) Efficient Capital Markets II, Journal of Finance, 46 (5), 1575-1617 [F].
Accounting
Snags' stock price has been cut in half the past few years. Investors are concerned that almost every reliable measure of the company's financial health has declined in that period. The worst area is with profitability, as the company's margins have declined sharply at all levels. If current trends in profitability persist, Snags will lose money in FY2013. Along with the decline in profitability and therefore investment returns, other ratios have also suffered. The company's operating efficiency remains poor to mediocre, its liquidity has improved but only because of inventory and receivables sitting longer than usual, and the gearing ratio has increased as the company has borrowed to offset the decline in operating cash flow.
Body
This report will focus on the areas of concern with respect to the profitability, efficiency, liquidity and capital structure of Snags Ltd. Financial ratios will be used as the basis of this analysis. All of the…...
determinants of stock prices, to explain why stock prices fluctuate. There are a number of models that seek to explain stock valuation, including the dividend growth model and the efficient market hypothesis. For many investors, capital gains are the key to a company's value, and EMH would thus apply. Stock prices reflect the aggregate sentiment about the future prospects of a company. These sentiments constantly change, based on new information being released and applied to what is already known about the company, its industry, its competitors and the economy at large. The constant stock price adjustments reflect this collective analysis of all information regarding a stock and the interpretation of its future prospects.
Introduction
A stock is a share in ownership of a company. In theory, a share entitles the holder to a proportional share of future income. There are different schools of thought as to what exactly this entails --…...
mlaReferences
Basu, S. (1977). Investment performance of common stocks in relation to their P/E ratio: A test of the efficient market hypothesis. The Journal of Finance. Vol. 32 (3) 663-682.
Cherewyk, P. (2015) Valuing firms using present value of free cash flows. Investopedia. Retrieved April 30, 2015 from http://www.investopedia.com/articles/fundamental-analysis/11/present-value-free-cash-flow.asp
Elton, E., Gruber, M. & Busse, J. (2002). Are investors rational? Choices among index funds. New York University. Retrieved April 30, 2015 from http://archive.nyu.edu/fda/bitstream/2451/26489/2/02-45.pdf
Kirilenko, A., Kyle, A., Samadi, M., Tuzun, T. (2011). The flash crash: The impact of high frequency trading on an electronic market. Sloan School of Management. Retrieved April 30, 2015 from https://business.nd.edu/uploadedFiles/Academic_Centers/Study_of_Financial_Regulation/pdf_and_documents/2011_conf_Andrei_Kirilenko.pdf
JC Penney Acquiring Kohl's
Kohl's Financials
Often, a firm that is taken over is struggling financially. One of the reasons is entirely pragmatic -- a struggling firm likely has a lower stock price, making the takeover more affordable. Over the past four years, Kohl's has seen its revenues flatline. evenues were $19.2 billion in FY 2016. The company's cost of goods sold is steady as well, at 63.8%. So in that sense, Kohl's is a very stable firm financially. This stability should actually mean that its stock price fairly accurately reflects the present value of future cash flows, making it difficult for the acquiring firm to earn profit from the transaction, given that they have to pay a premium to Kohl's shareholders.
The company has seen its selling, general, and administration expenses increase gradually over the past couple of years, which has resulted in shrinking operating income. The operating profit margin was 9.8%…...
mlaReferences
Kohl's 2015 Form 10-K. Retrieved January 17, 2017 from http://corporate.kohls.com/investors/financial-information
MSN Moneycentral: Kohl's (2017) Retrieved January 17, 2017 from https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/stockdetails/financials/fi-126.1.KSS.NYS
Vasel, K. (2016). JC Penny, Kohl's, Macy's and Sears sued over misleading prices. CNN. Retrieved January 17, 2017 from http://money.cnn.com/2016/12/09/pf/price-scheme-jcpenney-kohls-sears-macys/
Economics
The author of this report is asked to assessed the financial fortunes and business decision-making of a firm named Autoedge. For the longest time, Autoedge was in a good niche in that they were providing auto parts and upgrades for all three of the major automakers. There was indeed an extra costs and such associated with the upgrades but many people trusted the name of Autoedge and were more than willing to pay the extra cost associated with the upgrades. However, there came a point where costs and competitiveness became a concern and manufacturing operations were shifted overseas to South Korea. This decision came with a staggering cost as quality fell sharply and there has been great damage to Autoedge's image. The question becomes now whether Autoedge should persist in keeping manufacturing operations overseas or whether Autoedge should try to take advantage of the fact that the job situation in…...
mlaReferences
Edmunds. (2015). Edmunds.com. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from http://www.edmunds.com/car-buying/how-to-buy-an-american-car.html
Isidore, C. (2015). Walmart's imports from China cost 400,000 jobs, says study. CNNMoney. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from http://money.cnn.com/2015/12/09/news/companies/Walmart-jobs-china-imports/
Jamieson, D. (2016). It's About To Get Harder For Companies To Hide Union-Busting. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/union-busting-persuader-rule_us_56f1bdcbe4b0c3ef52172770
Kerr, D. (2013). Apple to build made-in-the-USA manufacturing plant in Arizona. CNET. Retrieved 22 August 2016, from http://www.cnet.com/news/apple-to-build-made-in-the-usa-manufacturing-plant-in-arizona/
Price Call Models
Black-Scholes Model and the Binomial Model are some of the widely used price call options. Despite the fact that these two models share the same theoretical foundation and assumptions like the Brownian motion theory and risk neutral valuation, they happen to have some notable differences (endleman & Bartter, 1979).
The Black-Scholes model is basically used to calculate a theoretical call price. This call price ignores dividends paid during the life of the call option. Some of the determinants of the option price include stock price (S), strike price (X), volatility (v), time to expiration (t), and short-term interest rate (r) (endleman & Bartter, 1979). This model has got some assumptions. One of the assumptions is that the stock pays no dividend during the option's life. This assumption is a serious limitation of the model considering that companies do pay dividends to their shareholders (endleman & Bartter, 1979). The fear…...
mlaReferences List
Conroy, R.M. (2003). Binomial Option Pricing. Retrieved August 27, 2013 from http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/conroyb/derivatives/Binomial%20Option%20Pricing%
20_f-0943_.pdf
Rendleman, R. & Bartter, B. (1979). Two State Option Pricing. Journal of Finance, 34 (1979),
Stock Stats
Statistics in the World of Stocks
Many students at various levels in mathematics at times find themselves asking the question, why do I need to learn this? It is admittedly true that many people will never really use algebra in their daily lives, and the complex world of statistics and probability also goes unutilized by many. Algebra, probability, and statistics can all be useful to everyone, in actuality, and more importantly there are specific instances where these areas of mathematics prove absolutely invaluable. When it comes to the stock market, many people try to use statistical models to predict when certain stocks are good values, or when they are poised to skyrocket investors to new fortunes, but there are also more sensible applications of certain probability and statistics concepts that are reasonable means of influencing stock-buying decisions. Applying a few basic methods of analysis to some elements of various business…...
That being said, the overall risks to the portfolio will vary, depending upon the type of stock that is purchased and how much diversification is being utilized. ("What are the Main Types of Stock.," 2010)
How much does a stock contribute to the return of a portfolio?
Historically the average return of the S&P 500 has been 9.8% a year. (Swedroe, 2009) However, the overall impact of the return will depend upon: the underlying amounts of growth and dividends that are received. These two factors are important, because they can cause the total return of the portfolio to vary. As a result, the overall contribution of stocks, on the return of the portfolio; will depend upon the type of equity securities that are being purchased and the holding period.
Clearly, the underlying amounts of risks and rewards will depend upon a number of different factors. As far as risks are concerned, the…...
mlaBibliography
Diversification. (2010). Invest Words. Retrieved from: http://www.investorwords.com/1504/diversification.html
How Far Have We Fallen. (2009). Ritholz. Retrieved from: http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2009/02/bear-market-comparisons-1929-2009/
What are the Main Types of Stock. (2010). MSN Money. Retrieved from: http://moneycentral.msn.com/quickref/quickref.asp?Cat=10&SelCat=3&RefType=0&QAMode=2&Topic=7&Sub=9
Swedroe, L. (2010). Are Stocks a Good Buy. Money Watch. Retrieved from: http://moneywatch.bnet.com/investing/blog/wise-investing/are-stocks-a-good-buy/1465/
("Gates, Bill," 2007) the company is in fact considered a regional financial backbone, in the Seattle-edmond area where its world headquarters are. The whole region and to some extent the whole world takes notice when Microsoft announces financial strategies and changes or when stocks rise or fall.
The software maker said it would buy back $20 billion through a tender offer set to be completed on Aug. 17. The company said that its board of directors has also authorized the company to buy back up to $20 billion worth of stock through June 2011. The company said it has completed the $30 billion stock buyback announced two years ago. "With our share repurchase programs announcement today, we reaffirm our confidence and optimism in the long-term future of the company and continue to execute on our strategy of returning capital to shareholders," Microsoft Chief Financial Officer Chris Liddell said in a…...
mlaReferences
Bolten, S.E. (2000). Stock Market Cycles: A Practical Explanation. Westport, CT: Quorum Books. Retrieved August 29, 2009, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29180460
Fried, I. (July 20, 2006) Microsoft plans massive stock buyback, CNET News
http://news.cnet.com/Microsoft-plans-massive-stock-buyback/2100-1014_3-6096631.html
Gates, Bill. (2007). In the Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. Retrieved August 29, 2009, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=112860479
The Golden Cross is when a security's short-term moving average breaks through its long-term moving average. This would indicate a bull market on the horizon. ight now the 15-day moving average is 16491 and the 50-day moving average is 16370. The 100-day moving average is 16250, so unlike many of the other indicators, the Golden Cross indicates a bull market.
2.
The graph tells me little, actually. It's better to regress these numbers to understand the nature of the correlation than to play the guessing game with a graph that covers the last forty years. The graph does tell me, however, that the growth rate of M1 does not correlate much with recessions. There are two major growths in M1 (in 2011 and in the mid-80s) that had no link to recession. There are also three that were linked, and in each there was a runup in M1 prior to the…...
mlaReferences
IndexIndicators. (2014). NYSE Composite vs. Average 14-day RSI for NYSE stocks. IndexIndicators.com. Retrieved May 8, 2014 from http://www.indexindicators.com/charts/nyse-vs.-nyse-stocks-avg-14d-rsi-params-3y-x-x-x/
McClellan, T. (2014). Coppock Curve turns down. McClellan Financial Publications. Retrieved May 8, 2014 from http://www.mcoscillator.com/learning_center/weekly_chart/coppock_curve_turns_down/
It was first proposed in 1979 and uses a "discrete time" or lattice-based model of the way price varies over time -- without using closed form solutions (Cox, et al., 1979). In actual usage, the BOPM is quite widely used because it handles a wide variety of conditions that other models do not account for -- largely because it is based on the description of an underlying instrument over a longer period of time, as opposed to a single point without a large number of variables. Scholars say that it is computationally slower than the Black-Scholes formula, but more accurate, specifically for longer-dated options on securities that have dividend payments, trade in multiple securities, or have a number of complicated features within their variables. The BOPM model works by tracing the options key underlying variables through a lattice tree, which identifies steps between variables over time. For example, each…...
mlaREFERENCES
Black, F. And Scholes, M. (1973). The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities. Journal of Political Economy. 81 (3): 637-54, Retrieved May 2013 from: http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall09/cos323/papers/black_scholes73.pdf
Conroy, R. (2003). Binomial Option Pricing. Darden Graduate School -- University of Virginia. Retrieved May 2013 from: http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/conroyb/derivatives/Binomial%20Option%20Pricing%20_f-0943_.pdf
Cox, J., et al. (1979). Option Pricing: A Simplified Approach. Journal of Financial Economics. 7 (2): 229-63. Retrieved May 2013 from: http://fisher.osu.edu/~fellingham_1/seminar/CRR79.pdf
Friedman, D. (1990). Price Theory. Retrieved May 2013 from: http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Academic/Price_Theory/PThy_ToC.html
alt Disney Company (DIS)
• Fundamentals - the company's business, is it financially sound? Is it growing?
Per their earnings amounts for Disney, the answer is that they are growing. They are indeed fairly financially sound, but their overall revenues are not doing all that well. Over the last three full years, revenue has grown at a clip of about $3 billion a year as they were at $42.2 billion in 2012, $45 billion in 2013 and $48.8 billion in 2014. Gross profit grew at a good clip over that same time frame, going from $18.8 billion in 2012, $20 billion in 2013 and $22.3 billion in 2014. The proportion of gross profit to total revenue did edge up slightly, albeit by about one percent. Net income has grown at about a billion per year, so it too is looking good. Total assets are growing (about five billion a year over the…...
mlaWhile the Dow sank and then recovered to its original levels, Immunogen has both done the opposite and it has NOT returned to its original level, although that would be a good thing since the raise in price is a good thing. The price started in the $12.75 range five days ago and then shot up quite quickly until it peaked at nearly $15 a share (a raise of nearly a fifth as compared to the starting point) and then fell very quickly on Tuesday until it bottomed out at $14.00. The price then fluttered a bit between $14.00 and $14.50 and sits at $14.23 as of June 10th. It's about half a buck (or 4.2%) higher it was five days ago but it's been higher very recently. Zooming out to six months tells a very different story. The stock price absolutely soared (it rose about five bucks….about a third) in early June before tapering off and has bounced between $14 and $15 then. Prior to that huge spike, its highest price since the turn of the year was about $10. The reason for the spike is revealed in the headlines about Immunogen in that they apparently had very positive results with one of their ovarian cancer treatments. This news breaking happened on June 1st…right when the spike happened. Not much has been said about them since so this explains why the price is fairly stable but does not explain its activity that is different from the Dow average.
Part 8
In regard to the organizational structure, al-Mart Stores can be said to be organized by divisions. In this regard, we have al-Mart supercentres, Sam's Clubs etc. Currently, the company's president is Mr. Mike Duke. Other key management positions in the firm include the position of chief financial officer, vice chairman, chief executive officer-international operations, and chief executive officer- al-Mart U.S.. These key positions are currently held by Mr. Charles M. Holley Jr., Mr. Eduardo Castro-right, Mr. Doug McMillon and Mr. illiam S. Simon respectively.
Part 9
Headline 1
"Stagnant ages, High Unemployment Slam al-Mart U.S. Sales: Domestic Sales at orld's Largest Retailer Post Two-Year Slump." (5/17/2011). (MSN n.p.)
Impact and Reason
In my own opinion, the news item above will bring about a decrease in the price of al-Mart's Store Stock. My reasoning in this case is that based on a decline in sales, investors will not be so keen on buying the stock…...
mlaWorks Cited
LaRocco. L. "Wal-Mart's Quiet Tax Haven." CNBC. N.p. Sept 23rd 2011. Web. 18th Oct 2011. http://www.cnbc.com/id/44627207
MSN. "Stagnant Wages, High Unemployment Slam Wal-Mart U.S. Sales: Domestic Sales at World's Largest Retailer Post Two-Year Slump (5/17/2011)." MSN. N.p. May 17th 2011. Web. 18th Oct 2011.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43058535/ns/business-retail/#.Tp-zZrLPzoM
Rappeport, A. "Wal-Mart has First U.S. sales Rise in Two Years." Financial Times. N.p. Oct 12th 2011 Web. 18th Oct 2011.
Because of this, I would expect that U.S. Energy would have performed better, but that has not been the case. None of the individual holdings are overly dependent upon energy costs, such as we would see in the airline industry, so the performance of the portfolio does not seem to have been overly affected by the rise in energy prices.
The proper approach to investing involves diversifying, not only across different companies, but also across different sectors of the economy. In a given year, one sector of the economy will be up and another will be down. One-year large cap growth stocks will be up and foreign stocks will be down. The next year real estate will be up and large cap growth may be down. If we knew in advance which sectors would be on top, investing would be easy, but we don't. As a result, diversification across different…...
Stock Exchanges
NYSE & NASDAQ
Generally speaking, and with many notable exceptions, the fundamental difference between the companies listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange and the NASDAQ is that the NASDAQ is home to many technology firms and other more volatile companies, while the NYSE is where most of the major industrial companies and so-called "blue-chip" companies are traded. here is a broad price range and performance record for the stocks of both exchanges, and their ups and downs are most often in alignment (increasingly so as the period of examination is extended), meaning that the perceived differences and the real differences in the companies that make up each exchange might be exaggerated in terms of the effect they have on the actual performance of the stocks being traded. A look at two individual companies, each listed on one of these exchanges, yields more contrast than an overview of…...
mlaTim Hortons, Inc., a Canadian-based donut and coffee chain, is traded on the NYSE under the symbol THI. On September 13th, 2011, THI stock had a closing price of $45.92, a 52-week price range of $35.80 to $51.04, and a volume of 481,700 was traded; the P/E Ratio was 12.39 and the Earnings-per-share were $3.71. On the Nasdaq, the chip maker Nvidia (which trades as NVDA) is a fairly typical stock in many ways; the same figures for this stock on the same date of September 13th are a closing price of $14.52, 52-week price range of $10.30 to $26.17, trading volume of 44,257,800, a P/E Ratio of 16.17 and Earnings-per-share of $0.90. Tim Hortins trades at a higher price with much higher earnings and at a lower volume; Nvidia is more volatile and has a much higher trading volume with lower earnings and a higher P/E Ratio.
The balance sheet of a given company tells us about its current liquidity -- what its assets are compared to its liabilities and its equity. In other words, the balance sheet breaks down (into rather large components) the various holdings of the company in terms of its cash, property and equipment, collectable accounts, and other elements of the company worth a real dollar value, compared with the companies outstanding debts, losses from depreciation, and the amount of money that has been invested in the company from its owners -- the equity it would need to theoretically pay back to investors if the company were to sell all of its assets to pay its liabilities. The general rule of accounting is that assets always equals liabilities plus equity. The income statement helps to inform the balance sheet to some degree by presenting information regarding how money comes into and goes out of the company, listing (again in rather large components) the sources and amounts of revenue as well as the expenses that the company incurs during its operations. This can help investors determine how profitable the company is and is likely to be, based on how revenues compare to expenses and what projections are for changes in both areas of the income statement.
It is impossible to predict with any real certainty what companies will post returns over any period of time, or how consistent those returns will be. Selecting three individual stocks that will have increasing weekly returns through October would take a great deal of experience and calculation, and even then would ultimately rely on at least some level of guesswork.
A comparison and contrast essay on two specific service providers is a little different from comparison and contrast essays on ideas or people because you are going to always want to focus on the customer’s experience. However, if you are writing the essay for a business class, you would be focusing on different aspects such as corporate structure, stock price, etc. So, keep that in mind when writing your essay. Are you providing more of a user review or a business analysis and structure your essay accordingly.
It is also important to keep in mind that the COVID-19 pandemic has really....
Right now, it is impossible to discuss the financial markets without looking at what happened with GameStop stock, so we are going to focus our example essay outline on this event. To understand how a bunch of small investors organizing on social media were able to disrupt hedge fund managers and traditional ways that they profit off of failing companies, it is important to understand the concept of shorting stocks.
I. Introduction
A. Stock shorting
B. Why businesses fail from stock shorting
C. Why GameStop was vulnerable
D. The impact of purchasing GameStop....
I. Introduction
A. Brief background information on PepsiCo
B. Thesis statement: This essay will explore the history, products, and corporate social responsibility initiatives of PepsiCo.
II. History of PepsiCo
A. Founding of PepsiCo by Caleb Bradham in 1898
B. Merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay in 1965
C. Expansion into other beverage and snack categories
III. PepsiCo's Products
A. Beverages
1. Pepsi-Cola
2. Mountain Dew
3. Gatorade
B. Snacks
1. Lay's
2. Doritos
3. Quaker Oats
IV. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives
A. Environmental Sustainability
1. Reduction of water usage
2. Recycling initiatives
B. Community Engagement
1. PepsiCo Foundation's grants and donations
2. Volunteering programs
....
Do Computers Think?
Defining Thought
Before delving into the question of whether computers think, it is essential to define what we mean by "thought." Thought is a complex and multifaceted process that involves various mental operations, including:
Cognition: The acquisition, storage, and retrieval of knowledge.
Reasoning: The ability to draw logical conclusions from given premises.
Problem-solving: The ability to find solutions to problems by applying known information and strategies.
Decision-making: The ability to evaluate options and select the best course of action.
Consciousness: The subjective experience of being aware of one's own thoughts, feelings, and surroundings.
Capabilities of Computers
Computers are powerful machines capable....
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