"
Olive's tactic, however, is accompanied by "indeeperism" -- that is, the more the pressure builds (and the more her stigma grows on both sides of the fence), the more she is prevented from disclosing techniques. Her lies build until her friendships are threatened. Even then she finds it difficult to overcome her stigma, since those who have helped her earn it refuse to testify to its illegitimacy (since they, of course, have benefited from it). Olive develops a case of away syndrome as she is more and more abandoned by both communities and forced to withdraw into herself (whereupon she resolves to come clean by telling the truth).

Thus a game between the "discredited" and the "discreditable" ensues (Goffman 57). Olive has been discredited by supposed normals, but in reality, she can easily discredit the discreditable who are only passing as normals (such as Mrs. Griffith, Marianne whose relationship with Micah,…...

mla

Works Cited

Gluck, Will, dir. Easy a. Los Angeles: Screen Gems, 2010. Film.

Goffman, Erving. Stigma. London: Penguin, 1963. Print.

Payne, Sarah. "The Effects of Stigma Applied to Depression." Interdisciplinary

Research Conference. Drury University. 8 Dec 2011.

The public face of stigma involves the general public's negative beliefs, feelings and behaviours directed toward those with a stigma" (¶ 4). Public stigma may contribute to a cycle of poverty by: a) Employers discriminating against obese individuals or those who may be HIV-infected or mentally ill. b) Being poor, per se, may contribute to even more public stigmatization.
Self-stigma and public stigma closely connect, eeder and Pryor (2008) stress . The degree an individual perceives that his/her employers, family, family, and landlords possess stigmatizing attitudes; he/she will likely experience the pain of self-stigma. One's awareness of public stigma frequently promotes self-stigma.

A stigma, similar to a disease may spread from one individual to another. The individual who decides to affiliate with a member of a stigmatized group may acquire a courtesy stigma. In a sense, as the individual gains admission into the stigmatized category, both the stigmatized group's members as…...

mla

REFERENCES

Jeanine B. et al. Poverty and Social Assistance in Transition Countries Journal of Comparative

Economics, Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages 188-189

Katsiaouni, O. & Gorniak, J. (2001). Globalization and rural poverty in transition economies.

Paper for Expert Group Meeting on Globalisation and Poverty Reduction: Can th Rural Poor Benefit from Globalisation? organised by Division for Social Policy and Development, United Nations, 8-9 November 2001, New York.

Schizophrenia, Dissociative Disorder and Bipolar Disorder While some symptoms of schizophrenia, dissociative disorder and bipolar disorder might seem similar, prompting individuals to suspect that the three different mental health disorders are interchangeable, the reality is that these three problems are quite distinct. This paper will discuss the broad differences between them as well as way to educate the client about his or her disorder, his or her family about it, and ways to reduce stigma.
As the DSM-5 points out, schizophrenia a mental disorder that causes the patient to experience hallucinations, delusions, irrational speech patterns, anti-social behavior, a loss of willpower/motivation, or even a possible catatonic state at times. Symptoms include incoherent speech, paranoia, distorted perceptions, confused or disordered thinking, and an inability to concentrate. This broad spectrum of symptoms should be seen for at least a month, with behavior being monitored for up to six months (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Bipolar disorder,…...

imdb.com).
hat Mrs. Pell says to agent Anderson is both poignant and ironic: "Hatred isn't something you're born with. At school, they said segregation what's said in the Bible...Genesis 9, Verse 27. At 7 years of age, you get told it enough times, you believe it. You believe the hatred. You live it...you breathe it. You marry it" (Pell, (www.imdb.com).This movie was not a documentary albeit it did follow the plot of a real life civil rights tragedy. But the lines in the film reflect the reality of life in segregated, Jim Crow-dominated Southern towns during that time in our history.

In "Dances ith olves" the protagonist, John Dunbar, who has been banished to a wilderness post because he tried to commit suicide, has a newfound appreciation for Native Americans. In his life and his army career he has been given the propaganda that all native peoples are criminals and low lives.…...

mla

Works Cited

Lion's Gate Home Entertainment. "Crash." (2005)

Crash Script. "Dialogue Transcript." Retrieved October 22, 2008, at  http://www.script-o-rama.com .

IMDb. "Dances With Wolves." Retrieved October 21, 2008, at  http://www.imdb.com .

Ebert, Roger. "Crash." Retrieved October 21 at  http://rogerebert.suntimes.com .

Women with Mental IllnessPart 2: Context for PracticeThe inequalities experienced by women with mental illness have been shaped by forms of oppression, such as moral exclusion (social stigmatization and marginalization) and cultural imperialism (gendered norms that do not allow women to seek help for mental illness). Moral exclusion occurs when a person is made to feel inferior to or separate from others. This happens with women experiencing mental illness because society condemns them as weak and imperfect (Boysen & Logan, 2017). In general there is a stigma of seeking help for mental health because there is too little understanding about what mental illness is, its prevalence, and why it is important to view it with understanding (Lopez, Sanchez, Killian & Eghaneyan, 2018). For women there is the idea that if they have mental illness, they are not in control of themselves and may act out in a way that harms…...

mla

ReferencesAl-Rousan, T., Rubenstein, L., Sieleni, B., Deol, H., & Wallace, R. B. (2017). Inside the nation’s largest mental health institution: A prevalence study in a state prison system. BMC public health, 17(1), 1-9.Boysen, G. A., & Logan, M. (2017). Gender and mental illness stigma: The relative impact of stereotypical masculinity and gender atypicality. Stigma and Health, 2(2), 83.Kam, P. K. (2021). From the Strengths Perspective to an Empowerment–Participation–Strengths Model in Social Work Practice. The British Journal of Social Work.Lopez, V., Sanchez, K., Killian, M. O., & Eghaneyan, B. H. (2018). Depression screening and education: an examination of mental health literacy and stigma in a sample of Hispanic women. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1-8.Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.Nyahunda, L. (2021). Social work empowerment model for mainstreaming the participation of rural women in the climate change discourse. Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 1-10.Rowe, R., Andrews, E., Harris, P. R., Armitage, C. J., McKenna, F. P., & Norman, P. (2016). Identifying beliefs underlying pre-drivers’ intentions to take risks: An application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 89, 49-56.Shooshtari, S., Abedi, M. R., Bahrami, M., & Samouei, R. (2018). Empowerment of women and mental health improvement with a preventive approach. Journal of education and health promotion, 7.Taylor, D., & Richards, D. (2019). Triple jeopardy: Complexities of racism, sexism, and ageism on the experiences of mental health stigma among young Canadian Black Women of Caribbean descent. Frontiers in Sociology, 4, 43.Tseris, E. (2019). Social work and women’s mental health: Does trauma theory provide a useful framework?. The British Journal of Social Work, 49(3), 686-703.

African-American Mental Health Problems
The article I selected for this assignment is Smith's "Mental health care services for African-Americans: Parity or disparity?" It predominantly addresses the social determinants of culture -- specifically African-American culture and experiences with mental health care services in the United States. Additionally, this article also addresses the social determinant of social norms and attitudes of African-Americans in regards to mental health care services. One of the principal points examined in this article is the stigma that African-Americans have about mental health care -- which, in certain instances, also includes a stigma about health care services in general.

The article's fundamental premise is that there is a disparity in mental health care services provided to African-Americans. This disparity stems from the fact that the very field of mental health was largely pioneered by Caucasians from the western section of Europe, whose "theories, strategies, and techniques…were based on Western European…...

mla

References

Smith, J.R. (2015). "Mental health care services for African-Americans: Parity or disparity?" The Journal of Pan African Studies. 7(9): 55-63.

Impacts of Stigma, Health Policy and Family Support on Asthma Asthma - Impacts of Stigma, Health Policy and Family Support on Chronic Illness ExperiencesCommon chronic respiratorydisorders are a set of illnesses that damage the lungs\\\' tubes and other components. Hundreds of thousands of people worldwide experiencerespiratory disorders that are avoidable. espiratory difficulties are one of the most common reasons for visits to outpatient clinics. Specifically, asthma is the world\\\'smost frequent respiratory disease (Yadav et al., 2018). Despite substantial advancements in asthma care and check, most peoplewithAsthma have limited control.Nevertheless, management can be implemented in most individuals using countermeasures and suitable medication therapies. For a significant proportion of patients, inhaled corticosteroidsconstitute the mainstay of therapy. Many people globally who do not achieve control with inhaled corticosteroids use its other combination inhalers (Yadav et al., 2018). Pharmacologic medicines that aim for immunoglobulinhave recently been added to asthma therapy in most countries globally,…...

mla

ReferencesAssociation, A. lung. (2022, February 10). Asthma Policy & Advocacy. Www.lung.org.   J. L., Veeranki, S. P., Ameredes, B. T., & Calhoun, W. J. (2017). Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Adults. JAMA, 318(3), 279.  https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.8372 Miles, C., Arden-Close, E., Thomas, M., Bruton, A., Yardley, L., Hankins, M., & Kirby, S. E. (2017). Barriers and facilitators of effective self-management inAsthma: systematic review and thematic synthesis of patient and healthcare professional views. Npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, 27(1).  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41533-017-0056-4 Understanding Asthma. (2022). Understanding Asthma. Respiratory Health Association.  https://resphealth.org/healthy-lungs/asthma/understanding-asthma/ Yadav, A., Mosquera, R. A., & Rojas, W. D. J. (2018). Asthma, Airway Hyperresponsiveness, and Lower Airway Obstruction in Children with Sickle Cell Disease. In www.intechopen.com. IntechOpen.  https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/51382https://www.lung.org/policy-advocacy/healthcare-lung-disease/asthma-policy#:~:text=A%20key%20component%20of%20the%20National%20Asthma%20Public McCracken,

Situation Analysis: NAMI El Paso Public elations CampaignClient Background and ServicesThe National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) El Paso chapter is a non-profit organization established in 1986 that focuses on improving the lives of those living with mental illness. It offers them and their families resources, support, advocacy, and education. NAMI El Paso has various programs, support groups, educational workshops, and community engagement events, all of which are oriented towards helping to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness.Problem CircumstancesNAMI El Paso certainly has an established presence. It offers valuable services to the public, and its array of programs are carefully designed to address the issue of stigma. However, the organization also has a communication problem in terms of getting its message out and raising awareness more impactfully. Public awareness of mental health issues and of NAMI El Paso\\\'s resources (help and assistance programs) is considerably low in El Paso.…...

mla

ReferencesKTSM. (2024). El Paso. (2022).  https://www.namiep.org/mission-vision Niederkrotenthaler, T., Metzler, H., Laido, Z., Till, B., Lake, A. H., Noble, E., Chowdhury, S., Gonzalez, F., Garcia, D., Draper, J., Murphy, S., & Gould, M. (2024). “Breaking the Silence” suicide prevention media campaign in Oregon, April 7–14, 2019: Content analysis of broadcast, print and online media items, and social media footprint.. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000955Scott, D. M. (2022). The New Rules of Marketing and PR (8th ed.). Wiley Professional Development (P&T).  https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9781119854296 Wilcox, D. L., Reber, B. H., Shin, J., & Cameron, G. T. (2022). Public Relations: Strategies and Tactics (12th ed.). Pearson Education (US).  https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/books/9780137847624https://www.ktsm.com/local/el-paso-hits-100-suicides-last-year-experts-offer-warning-signs/NAMI

Stigma and Disability
The self-sufficiency of any person or group largely depends on the capacity to maintain a certain level of financial stability. As a group, people with disabilities are among those with the highest poverty rates and lowest educational levels despite typically having some of the highest out-of-pocket expenses of all other groups. Educational level is strongly related to financial status and independence in most of the studies performed on these variables. Despite regulations to attempt to provide an equal and fair education to students identified as having disabilities, the research indicates that the majority of these individuals do not reach the educational levels and financial status of their non-disabled peers. The limitations of a failed system of assistance for these individuals that creates a double-edged sword in the form of stigmatizing these students has resulted in it being next to impossible for this group to obtain even an "average"…...

mla

References

Artiles, A., Kozleski, E., Trent, S., Osher, D., & Ortiz, A. (2010). Justifying and explaining disproportionality, 1968-2008: A critique of underlying views of culture. Exceptional Children, 76, 279-299

Bjelland, M.J., Burkhauser, R.V., von Schrader, S., & Houtenville, A.J. (2011). 2010 progress report on the economic well-being of working-age people with disabilities. Retrieved on July 10, 2012 from   ct&seiredir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fhl%3Den %26q%3Ddisabilities%2Band%2Bpoverty%26as_sdt%3D0%252C23%26as_ylo%3D20 10%26as_vis%3D1#search=%22disabilities%20poverty%22.http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1284&context=edicolle 

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)"

Burkhauser, R.V. & Houtenville, A.J. (2006). A guide to disability statistics from the current population survey - annual social and economic supplement (March CPS). In Rehabilitation research and training center on disability demographics and statistics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Retrieved on July 10, 2012 from  http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/edicollect/1233/

The problems faced by gays and lesbians are multiplied or intensified because stress cannot be reduced in the way it can be by other minority groups. In other words, while other minority groups would find support from families, the same is not true for gays or lesbians who fail to find any support especially if they have been in the "closet."

Harper et al. 2003 writes: "Minority stress has particular manifestations for LGBT people who cope with pervasive oppression, discrimination, and marginalization by remaining closeted. But unlike other marginalized groups, LGBT people often cannot find support in their family and community of origin. While the "closet" is safe it has its own problems -- the increased stress of hiding. Hiding means that ordinary daily interactions become minefields; it requires constant vigilance to avoid mentioning partners, same-gender attractions or dating experiences, as well as other activities that involve a LGBT community."

The lack…...

mla

References

Brooks, V.R. (1981). Minority stress and lesbian women. Lexington, MA D.C. Heath.

Donna Chrobot-Mason, Scott B. Button, and Jeannie D. Diclementi, (2001) "Sexual Identity Management Strategies: An Exploration of Antecedents and Consequences," Sex Roles: A Journal of Research

Gary W. Harper, Margaret Schneider; Oppression and Discrimination among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered People and Communities: A Challenge for Community Psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, Vol. 31, 2003

Gonsiorek, J.C. (1991). The empirical basis for the demise of the illness model of homosexuality. In J.C. Gonsiorek & J.D. Weinrich (Eds.), Homosexuality: Research implications for public policy (pp. 115-136). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Sociology
Erving Goffman and Stigma

In his book Stigma, sociologist Erving Goffman considers the issue of stigma, offering a detailed look at how people respond to others based on stigma, why people act the way they do towards stigmatized individuals, and how being stigmatized impacts those that have the stigma. Goffman's ideas are partly drawn from the work of George Herbert Mead and Georg Simmel. However, Goffman extends on their ideas and offers a more contemporary view of stigma. These issues will now be considered. This will begin by considering Goffman's definition of stigma. This will be followed by a consideration of how people respond to stigmas. Finally, Goffman's ideas will be compared to those of Mead and Simmel.

Erving Goffman (5) defines a stigma as "an undesired differentness from what we had anticipated." The idea of "differentness" means that something about an individual is different from what is considered ordinary and normal.…...

mla

Works Cited

Goffman, E. Stigma. New York: Touchstone, 1986.

Sexuality and Stigma in Cinema: Gay and Transgender Representation
According to the sociological theorist Erving Goffman, to bear a 'stigma' is to viewed by society as abnormal. "Stigmatized people are those that do not have full social acceptance and are constantly striving to adjust their social identities: physically deformed people, mental patients, drug addicts, prostitutes, etc." (Crossman 1). Until relatively recently, people in estern society who possessed same-sex desire were stigmatized as 'homosexuals' and deemed to be deviant. The films Maurice and the Naked Civil Servant show two different responses to stigmatization: in Maurice, the hero appears to do all he can to avoid living under such a stigmatized status while in Naked Civil Servant, the hero Quentin Crisp quite blatantly and proudly uses his stigmatized identity as a badge of honor. However, both men ultimately strive to reconfigure society's stigmatized attitude into something more positive and it may be Maurice…...

mla

Works Cited

Crossman, Ashley. "Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity."

Sociology.about.com. [12 Mar 2014]

 http://sociology.about.com/od/Works/a/Stigma-Notes-On-The-Management-Of-Spoiled-Identity.htm 

The Crying Game. Directed by Neil Jordan, 1982.

Evidence has been cited suggesting that ECT is particularly efficacious with psychotic depression. Experimental research and reviews of the literature tend to conclude that ECT is either equal or superior to antidepressant medication in the treatment of severe depression. In one study both depressed men and women were helped by ECT, but women tended to improve more with ECT than with imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant. Men tended to improve more with imipramine. Both men and women improved more with ECT than with phenalzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). It has been suggested that MAOIs and serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (SSIs) may be less clinically effective than heterocyclic antidepressants for severe depression. Thus, ECT's favorable comparison with imipramine is a strong endorsement.
Adverse Effects

The side effect of ECT that has received the most attention is memory loss. ECT results in two kinds of memory loss. The first involves quick forgetting of new…...

mla

References

Breggin, P.R. (n.d.). Electroshock: Scientific, ethical, and political issues. Retrieved from  http://www.sntp.net/ect/breggin1.htm 

Electroconvulsive therapy. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.minddisorders.com/Del-

Fi/Electroconvulsive-therapy.html

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). (2011). Retrieved from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/electroconvulsive-therapy/MY00129

Ethics, Terrorism, & the Future of Policing
The devastating attacks on United States soil that took place on September 11, 2001, became the turning point for all police activity. The police mission went from protecting people against day-to-day violence, to protecting a society from foreign attack. Terrorism is defined as "the systematic use of terror [fear] especially as a means of coercion" (merriam-webster.com). It was this idea that something that could not be fully understood, such as a terrorist attack, could indeed cause so many people to be afraid. However, this changed what it meant to be in law enforcement. Despite problems that do exist on a local level, the focus has shifted from making sure that any threat of a potential attack could be prevented. Personal liberties have been violated, discriminatory profiling has risen, and corruption within police force has elevated -- all in the name of terrorism prevention.

The concept…...

mla

References:

Baker, Al. (2012) Independent agency gets new powers to prosecute New York police officers. Retrieved from  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/28/nyregion/civilian-complaint-review-board-gets-new-powers-to-prosecute-new-york-police.html?_r=2&scp=1&sq=police%20abuse%20of%20power&st=cse 

Foster, C., Cordner, G., Frakes, K., Collins, P., & Mayberry, L. National Institute of Justice, (2005).The impact of terrorism on state law enforcement. Retrieved from The council of State Governments and Eastern Kentucky University website:  http://www.csg.org/knowledgecenter/docs/Misc0504Terrorism.pdf 

Nalle, D. (2011). Repeal or revise. Retrieved from  http://www.rlc.org/2011/01/31/repeal-or-revise-the-problems-with-the-patriot-act/ 

Rayman, G. (2010). New york's finest cover-up. Retrieved from http://www.villagevoice.com/2010-10-13/news/nypd-cover-up-cabbie/

Juvenile ProsecutionI think it would definitely be worthwhile to revisit how juveniles are prosecuted. The biggest issue is that the adolescent brain is still developing, particularly in areas related to impulse control, decision-making, and risk assessment (Mercurio et al., 2020). This means juveniles may not fully grasp the consequences of their actions in the same way adults do, which raises ethical questions about prosecuting them as adults. Moreover, incarcerating young people in adult prisons can expose them to higher risks of violence and abuse, leading to greater psychological harm and higher recidivism rates.Plus, the prosecution of juveniles, especially in adult courts, can have wide-ranging impacts on families and communities. The stigma of a criminal conviction can create barriers to education and employment for juveniles, which in turn can contribute to cycles of poverty and crime within communities (Harding & Harris, 2020). On top of that, racial and socioeconomic disparities exist…...

mla

ReferencesHarding, D. J., & Harris, H. M. (2020). After prison: Navigating adulthood in the shadow of the justice system. Russell Sage Foundation.Mercurio, E., García-López, E., Morales-Quintero, L. A., Llamas, N. E., Marinaro, J. Á., & Muñoz, J. M. (2020). Adolescent brain development and progressive legal responsibility in the Latin American context. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 627.

Homeless affects a community in a number of ways, including social, economic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Socially, there is a stigma associated with homelessness that implies the person is mentally ill, a drug addict, or an alcoholic. While a number of the homeless population do fall into one of these categories, there are other reasons for homelessness. It is also hard on the economy, because these people don't contribute financially to society. There is a cost to feeding them and allowing them shelter, and that cost can be a lot for a community to handle. Homeless people struggle in interpersonal and....

It is difficult to address the issue of lack of mental health funding for first responders without first acknowledging the general lack of appropriate thoughts about mental health.  While physical illness is treated as a legitimate illness and self-care to help avoid that illness is supported, mental illness is oftentimes still treated like a character defect.  People who seek assistance for mental health not only have to face a lack of funding, but often have to worry about whether the stigma that attaches to seeking such help will work against them in their future professional lives. For....

Child sexual abuse is one of the more pervasive social issues of our time. Child sexual abuse has a profound impact on the families it impacts and a lingering impact on adult survivors of child sexual abuse. RAINN is a great general resource for information and can provide you with some links to research as well as helpful links for adult survivors who are seeking help. If you are looking for primary sources, then you can look for two different types of sources: first-hand accounts by survivors or direct evidence, which can....

There are many reasons why it is important for school counselors to focus on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in elementary school.  Doing so gives children the best chance of success academically and socially, as children with ADHD can have a very difficult time working within the rigid structure of the average school day.  Children who are not diagnosed with ADHD, but who experience it, are often treated like they are “bad” kids, which not only causes them to fall behind academically, but can also stigmatize them with their peers.  With appropriate interventions, which....