S. Law." Stem Cells at the National Academies. 2008. March 27, 2008. http://dels.nas.edu/bls/stemcells/ethics.shtml
Thomson, James a., et al. "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells." Science Express. Vol. 318. no. 5858, pp. 1917-1920: November 20, 2007.

Yamanaka, Shinya, et al. "Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors." Cell. 131: 1-12.. November 30, 2007. March 27, 2008. http://images.cell.com/images/Edimages/Cell/IEPs/3661.pdf

hat are the potential uses of human stem cells?" National Institute of Health: Stem cell information. February 20, 2008. March 27, 2008. http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics6.asp

Cells that have the ability to develop into other types of cells are called pluripotent cells.

The 'adult' stem cells can be derived from children as well as adults. The term 'adult' refers to the mature stage of their development when the unspecialized cells have transformed into specialized cells which are designed to perform specific functions.

Very recent research has shown that it may be possible to change…...

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Works Cited

About Stem Cells." Institute for Stem Cells. January, 2006. March 27, 2008. http://www.iscr.ed.ac.uk/outreach/about-stem-cells-Jan06.htm

Ethics, Moral Values, and U.S. Law." Stem Cells at the National Academies. 2008. March 27, 2008.  http://dels.nas.edu/bls/stemcells/ethics.shtml 

Thomson, James a., et al. "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells." Science Express. Vol. 318. no. 5858, pp. 1917-1920: November 20, 2007.

Yamanaka, Shinya, et al. "Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors." Cell. 131: 1-12.. November 30, 2007. March 27, 2008. http://images.cell.com/images/Edimages/Cell/IEPs/3661.pdf

Conclusion

This Technology Should Be egulated and Controlled by Government

There is not really much argument that stem cell research, regardless of its origin as embryonic or otherwise should be controlled to some degree by the government as the development of this research demonstrates a potential for abuse that is startling and could essentially be highly abused. The abuse of this type of research would likely be sourced in the desire of scientists to make more rapid breakthroughs in the development of treatments for diseases and injuries that human kind has found particularly devastating and extremely hard to treat with any real success. Yet, it is clear that a rush to breakthroughs has often caused devastating effects in and of itself and that controls are needed, to create at least a moderate ethical consensus to control the potential pitfalls of progress. Though as has been noted previously there is much in science…...

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References

Campbell, M.K. & Farrell, S.O. (2009) Biochemistry 6th Edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson, Brooks/Cole.

Kaplan, K. (November 05, 2010) Scientists to congress: Pass the stem cell law ... while you still can, Los Angeles Times Web.  http://articles.latimes.com/2010/nov/05/news/la-heb-stem-cell-letter-to-congress-20101105 

Lehrman, S. (2010). Undifferentiated ethics. Scientific American, 303(3), 18-20. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Meyer, M.N. (2010). The national individual health insurance mandate. Hastings Center Report, 40(5), 10-11. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

In utilitarianism, the focus is on outcomes, or the ends of an action; in deontology the actions themselves must be ethical and moral, or the outcome is moot. Deontology argues that there are norms and truths that are universal for all humans; actions then have a predisposition to right or wrong, moral or immoral. Kant believed that humans should act, at all times, as if their individual actions would have consequences for all of society. Morality, then, is based on rational thought and is the direction most humans innately want. Roughly, deontology is "the means justify the ends" (Kamm).
Thus, one must ask first if the definition of human life begins at conception, and if those groupings of cells constitute legal and moral protections. Then, depending on the answer, one must decide; do the tremendous benefits already proven by science constitute a reason to continue research -- the alleviation of…...

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Works Cited

Beauchaine, J. "The Next Frontier of the Stem Cell Debate." 17 June 2009. The Village Voice. December 2010 .

Espo, D. "Senate Approves Embryonic Stem Cell Bill." 13 April 2007. The Washington Post. December 2010 .

Haydn, P. The Philosophy of Human Rights. New York: Paragon Press, 2001.

"International Consortium of Stem Cells, Ethics and Law." March 2010. The Hinxton Group. December 2010 .

This means that while there are tremendous amounts of promise. The preferred method of embryotic cells is still the most utilized approach. However, in the future this could change dramatically. The reason why is because scientists have been aggressively pursuing this method. This is based on the fact that there are no ethical issues when conducting this kind of research and there is a possibility of having a major breakthrough. In the future, this will lead to many scientists focusing on this approach over using embryos. The biggest reasons are it does not have the controversy and it can deliver the same results. Once this happens, is when there will be shift in the debate about ethics among both sides. (Yidrim, 2011, pp. 11 -- 17)
How New Techniques can Avoid Ethical Debates

There are a number of techniques that will allow scientists to conduct stem cell research without violating any…...

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References

Chad, C. (2004). Derivation of Embryotic Stem Cells Lines. New England Journal of Medicine, 350, 1353 -- 1356.

Pence, G. (2007). Recreating Medicine. Plymouth: Rowan and Littlefield.

Plunkett, J. (2007). Plunkett's Advertising and Branding. Houston, TX: Plunkett Research.

Qingyun, M. (2007). Derivation of Human Embryotic Stem Cells, 17, 1008 -- 1019.

Unlike any specific adult cell, embryonic stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to form any adult cell, and can proliferate indefinitely in culture (Embryonic pp). Using fourteen blastocysts obtained from donated, surplus embryos produced by in vitro fertilization, James Thomson and a group of University of isconsin biologists established five independent stem cell lines in November 1998, the first time human embryonic stem cells had been successfully isolated and cultured (Embryonic pp). The embryos used in the work were originally produced to treat infertility and were specifically donated to the project with the informed consent of donor couples (Embryonic pp).

Embryonic stem cells are of greatest interest due to their ability to develop into virtually any other cell produced by the human body, thus in theory, "if stem cells can be grown and their development directed in culture, it would be possible to grow cells of medical importance…...

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Works Cited

Group Calls for Stem Cell Research Rules.

AP Online; 4/26/2005

Schieffer, Bob; Kaledin, Elizabeth. "Stem Cells May Create Miracles."

CBS Evening News; 5/10/2005

Protecting the rights of the one and sacrificing the lives of many is a sensitive subject, especially when the sides cannot even agree upon whether or not the one should have rights or not. It would seem that the establishment of researching guidelines that prevents the harming of a subject, for research purposes, has set a precedent, and that this violates right to know laws, as there is no informed consent from the embryo. This protocol is completely absent.
The promises of embryonic stem cell research are great though.

However, would science be able to live up to these promises? At what point is it playing at God? At what point are doctors doing no harm? At what point do physicians and scientists waiver the rights of what may or may not be human beings? At what point is the cure of disease so great that the moral scales tip in…...

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References

Advanced cell technology. (2006, October). Aging & Elder Health Week. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from Proquest database.

Do no harm. (No date). Retrieved October 5, 2006, at  http://www.stemcellresearch.org/ .

Dunlop, E. (2006, October 3). Stem cell hope for heart patients. The Yorkshire Post. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from Proquest database.

Goldman, J. (2006, October 2). Leukemia: Recent findings from the United States and Scotland illuminate research in leukemia. Stem Cell Week. Retrieved October 5, 2006, from Proquest database.

Stem Cell
The recent discovery of stem cell usefulness in helping cure persistent disease and medical problems presents an interesting dilemma for society and those interested in exploring this technology. efore rushing into using this tool, it is my opinion that the defining terms of this topic should be fully understood. The difference between adult stem cell and embryonic stem cell applications are differing along with the moral and ethical implications that accompany these terms. In order to truly understand this problem this distinction needs to be addressed before answering the question of its value in general terms.

Understanding the differences between these two parts of the discussion has led me to take a stance against using embryonic stem cells for research purposes. The use of adult stem cells and the full range of applications that this more humane and kindly approach utilizes seems to best suit the human situation in today's…...

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Bibliography

Mayo Clinic Staff (n.d). Stem cells: What they are and what they do. Mayo Clinic Health Information. Retrived from  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/stem-cells/CA00081 .

Pardal, S. et al. (2003). Applying the principles of sten-cell biology to cancer. Nature, 3. Retrieved from  http://web.mit.edu/7.31/restricted/pdfs/F05_and_earlier/morrison.pdf 

Mclaren, A. (2001). Ethical and social considerations of stem cell research. Nature, 41. Retrieved from EthicalAndSocialDimensions-Nature.pdfhttp://www.coloradodjlabs.org/research/antiintellectualism/2001StemCell/McLaren-

National Institutes of Health (n.d.). Stem cell Information. The National Institutes of Health Resource for Stem Cell Research. Retrieved from  http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics /basics5.asp

o this end, scientists are studying the fundamental properties of stem cells, including:
determining precisely how stem cells remain unspecialized and self renewing for many years; and identifying the signals that cause stem cells to become specialized cells ("Stem Cell Basics").

his research will allow them to help the multitude of people afflicted with a variety of diseases.

Stem Cell Application:

his is perhaps the most important potential application for human stem cells - the generation of cells and tissues that can be used for cell-based therapies. Approximately 25.6 million Americans currently have diagnosed heart disease ("Heart Disease"). Stem cells may be utilized to generate healthy heart muscle cells, for patients with chronic heart disease. "Preliminary research in mice and other animals indicates that bone marrow stem cells, transplanted into a damaged heart, can generate heart muscle cells and successfully repopulate the heart tissue ("What are the Potential Uses").

hose with diabetes can be…...

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Those with diabetes can be helped with stem cell therapy, potentially, as well. 10% of the adult American population (20 years of age and older) has diabetes - both diagnosed and undiagnosed ("Diabetes").

For patients suffering from type I diabetes, the pancreatic cells that normally produce insulin for the body, are destroyed by the person's own immune system. "New studies indicate that it may be possible to direct the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells in cell culture to form insulin-producing cells that eventually could be used in transplantation therapy for diabetics" ("What are the Potential Uses").

Although scientists have only been able to experiment with human embryonic stem cells since 1998, with

" He argues that it is wrong to use these embryos even though they will just be discarded and wasted anyway. For this reason, people with grave diseases and disabilities argue that Bush needs to change his stance.
CONCLUSION

Stem cell research is incredibly important and should be fully examined so that we can do as much as possible to find cures and alleviate human suffering (Feinstein, 2004). It is important that the government make every effort to expand the current policy so that federal funds will be available for more embryonic stem cell lines.

Basically, the controversy over stem cells involves just one specific type of research -- research using stem cells from human embryos (Fox, 2005). Currently, these types of stem cells are taken from frozen embryos left over in fertility clinics, but they can also be made using the same cloning technology that created the infamous Dolly the sheep. The…...

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References

Neergaard, Laurie. (April 26, 2000). Master Cell' Research Spurs Debate. Associated Press.

Medical Health Encyclopedia. (2005). Stem cell research. Retrieved from the Internet at http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/007120.html.

Feinstein, Dianne. (2004). Senator Feinstein's Embryonic Stem Cell Research Petition. Retrieved from the Internet at  http://feinstein.senate.gov/stemcell.html .

Fox, Maggie. (May 19, 2005). Stem cell bills head for showdown in U.S. Congress. Reuters.

In a talk delivered to the Johns Hopkins Medical Center he stated, "...we don't want to let politics, philosophy, and theology intrude on science." However, he goes on to qualify, "science qua science cannot set its own ends... Scientists left to themselves may not always make the best ethics decisions (Nizza, 2004)."
Here, Fukuyama alludes to another angle that is less often mentioned -- that is that scientists and doctors alike can at times put their own personal interests foremost in any ethical issue, including this one. Further, this is often financially motivated, "with a possible personal financial stake in a biotech company to worry about, for example (Nissa)." However, he also chides those who imagine that "government" or in the case of the United States, Congress can or should regulate stem cell research, saying "by and large most Congressmen know nothing about science...(Nissa)."

Instead, many on the front lines of…...

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Works Cited

Berger, Eleni. "Research Avenue adds fuel to stem cell controversy." CNN.com. July 18, 2001. Retrieved from Web site on November 29, 2004, from  http://archives.cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/07/11/stem.cell.fact/ 

NIH. National Institutes of Health. "Stem Cell Information." Web site. Retrieved from Web site on November 28, 2004, from  http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/faqs.asp#whatare 

Nizza, Suzanne. "Fukuyama discusses biotechnology." Johns Hopkins Newsletter April 16, 2004. Retrieved form Web site on November 29, 2004, from  http://www.jhunewsletter.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2004/04/16/407f343de8285 

Shannon, Thomas a. "Cell Research: How Catholic Ethics Guide Us." Web site. 2004. Retrieved from Web site on November 29, 2004, from   Researchhttp://www.americancatholic.org/Newsletters/CU/ac0102.aspStem-Cell 

Patients are instead at the mercy of their insurance companies for determining the extent of care they receive and where they receive it. Any patient who wants a procedure or a medication not covered by their plan and any patient whose insurance company denies coverage of certain procedures is forced to foot the bill themselves. In most cases the bills are outlandish and only the very wealthy could afford to avail themselves of desired services.
Global competition makes medical procedures and pharmaceutical interventions available for a wider range of people. The lower price tags on medications and the cheaper surgeries offered by doctors in foreign countries has encouraged patients to seek medical attention abroad rather than in the United States. Because physicians in foreign countries are frequently well-trained, even trained in the United States, patients are becoming more open to medical tourism. Global competition has yet to affect American healthcare…...

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References

Employer-based health care erodes U.S. global competition: A New America report. 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2008 at  http://www.healthpopuli.com/2008/05/employer-based-health-care-erodes-us.html 

Herrick, D.M. (2007). Medical tourism: Global competition in health care. NCPA Policy Report No. 304. Retrieved June 24, 2008 at http://209.85.215.104/search?q=cache:PSdJmcyYxKMJ:www.ncpa.org/pub/st/st304/st304.pdf+global+competition+healthcare&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us&client=firefox-a

Stem Cell Basics."(2008). National Institutes of Health. Retrieved June 24, 2008 at  http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics /basics3.asp

Wacher, G.W. (2002). Malpractice and Telemedicine Liability: The Uncharted Waters of Medical Risk. Retrieved June 24, 2008 at http://tie.telemed.org/articles/article.asp?path=articles&article=malpracticeLiability_gw_tie02.xml

In fact, the Senate in general is more strongly in favor of expanding federal funding for stem cell research. If the current bill passes in the House of Representatives, it will likely not receive the two-thirds majority that would permit an overturning of a Presidential veto. Prominent Republicans, including senator Orrin Hatch of Utah, are strongly in favor of the bill, in direct opposition to the President's position.
Although embryonic stem cells can become any human cell or tissue, permitting cell and tissue regeneration, they are harvested from human embryos. It is a small step in the wrong direction to permit taxpayer monies to be diverted to such controversial research. Permitting an expansion of stem cell research sends the wrong message and creates an ethically ambiguous society. President Bush's assertion that embryonic stem cell research is morally wrong is an admirable stance, especially given the divisiveness the measure is causing…...

More research has to be undertaken for increasing our understanding of the tissue growth factors, translation protocols and control parameters to harness the full potential that stem cells therapy has to offer. This, it is hoped, would be realized in the near future with the rapid strides in the biotech field. While embryonic stem cells, considered to be the potential panacea for many deadly diseases is steeped in ethical controversies and awaits further research for its safety, the successful therapy with umbilical cord stem cells is already considered a huge victory. Further, the promising possibility of a new and novel method of stem cell generation such as Induced pluripotent Stem cells (IPSC) opens an entirely new dimension for stem cell research offering researchers a source of stem cells which does not have any ethical or moral stigma attached to it. Stem cell therapy could very well change the face…...

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Bibliography

The White House, 'Advancing Stem cell Science Without Destroying Human Life', Jan 9, 2007, Available online at,  http://www.whitehouse.gov/dpc/stemcell/2007/stemcell_010907.pdf 

Maureen L. Condic, 'What we Know About Embryonic Stem Cells', January 2007, First Things, Available Online at,  http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=5420 

Jordan Lite, 'Spinal cord stem-cell trial could start soon, report says', Scientific American, Oct 20, 2008, Available Online at,  http://www.sciam.com/blog/60-second-science/post.cfm?id=spinal-cord-stem-cell-trial-could-s-2008-10-20 

JR Minkel, 'Human Embryonic Stem Cells Fix Stroke-Afflicted Rats', Scientific American, Feb 20, 2008, Available online at,  http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=stem-cells-fix-stroke-afflicted-rats

Introduction According to statistics, almost everybody today is affected by cancer either directly or indirectly, and everybody knows someone who is suffering from cancer, diabetes, or Alzheimer disease. How about if it was possible to successfully treat these diseases and save lives of our loved ones? Yes, it is now possible as medical researchers have found out a way to solve these medical conditions. The solution lies with stem cell technology. The most important feature for stem cells as it concerns stem cell therapy is that, they are cells that have not yet been differentiated into a specific type of cell (Hu et al., 2013). This therefore means there is the potential for doctors to use these cells as replacement for defective cells. Despite the promise that this technology holds for the medical field, it is still at its infancy and successful application is very limited. This paper presents a discussion…...

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References

Giachino, C., Orlando, L., & Turinetto, V. (2013). Maintenance of genomic stability in mouse embryonic stem cells: relevance in aging and disease. International journal of molecular sciences, 14(2), 2617-2636.

Hu, G., Cui, K., Northrup, D., Liu, C., Wang, C., Tang, Q., ... & Zhao, K. (2013). H2A. Z facilitates access of active and repressive complexes to chromatin in embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Cell stem cell, 12(2), 180-192.

Parry, B. (2018). The Social Life of “Scaffolds” Examining Human Rights in Regenerative Medicine. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 43(1), 95-120.

Passweg, J. R., Baldomero, H., Bader, P., Bonini, C., Duarte, R. F., Dufour, C., ... & Montoto, S. (2017). Use of haploidentical stem cell transplantation continues to increase: the 2015 European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplant activity survey report. Bone marrow transplantation, 52(6), 811.

Thompson, L. M., Ceja, M. E., & Yang, S. P. (2012). Stem cell transplantation for treatment of sickle cell disease: bone marrow versus cord blood transplants. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 69(15), 1295-1302.

Race and gender issues can influence medical treatment as many researchers have shown. The study by Benjamins and Whitman (2014), for example, showed that ethnic and racial discrimination is found in health care settings and results in health care services being limited to certain groups. The study surveyed 1700 individuals of white, black, Mexican, and Puerto Rican descent and found that 1/4th of respondents stated that they had experienced health care discrimination, and the skew showed that the discrimination was race-related. The types of discrimination cited by the respondents included not receiving the care they required, and not receiving quality of care. Another study, this one by Grace, Kara, Kennedy and McDonald (2014), found that racial disparities exist in pediatric kidney transplantation. The study took place in New Zealand and focused on what types of patients were most likely to be receive a kidney transplant before others in the same need.…...

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References

Benjamins, M., Whitman, S. (2014). Relationships between discrimination in health

care and health care outcomes among four race/ethnic groups. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37: 402-413.

Corbett, J. (2017). The rise of eugenics. Retrieved from

 

Grace, B.S., Kara, T., Kennedy, S. E., McDonald, S. P. (2014). Racial disparities in

pediatric kidney transplantation in New England. Pediatr Transplant, 18: 689-697.https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=218&v=EwZ8PDyHCr4 

Certainly! Here are some science essay topic suggestions:

1. The impact of climate change on the environment.
2. The role of renewable energy sources in reducing carbon emissions.
3. Exploring the potential health benefits of genetic engineering.
4. The effects of plastic pollution on marine life and ecosystems.
5. The future of space exploration and its potential for human colonization.
6. The ethical considerations of using animal testing in medical research.
7. The development and implications of artificial intelligence in various fields.
8. The challenges and benefits of using nanotechnology in medicine.
9. Exploring the effects of deforestation on biodiversity and climate change.
10. The impact of technology on human....

1. Bronchiectasis: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Introduction: Define bronchiectasis and highlight its prevalence, etiology, and risk factors.
Pathophysiology: Discuss the mechanisms leading to bronchiectasis, including impaired mucociliary clearance and chronic inflammation.
Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis: Describe the typical symptoms, physical exam findings, and diagnostic tests used to identify bronchiectasis.
Management: Review the current treatment options for bronchiectasis, including antibiotics, airway clearance techniques, bronchodilators, and surgical intervention.
Prognosis and Complications: Discuss the long-term outcomes and potential complications associated with bronchiectasis, such as respiratory failure and hemoptysis.

2. Role of Imaging in Bronchiectasis: CT, MRI, and Beyond

Introduction: Highlight....

1. The role of red bone marrow in hematopoiesis versus the role of yellow bone marrow in fat storage and energy regulation.
2. The differentiation process of hematopoietic stem cells in red bone marrow compared to the storage of adipose tissue in yellow bone marrow.
3. The effects of aging on red and yellow bone marrow composition and function.
4. The therapeutic potential of red bone marrow transplantation compared to the potential drawbacks of yellow bone marrow transplantation.
5. The impact of diseases such as leukemia on red bone marrow function versus the impact of metabolic disorders on yellow bone marrow function.
6. The relationship....

1. Comparison of Red Bone Marrow and Yellow Bone Marrow: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance:

Comparative analysis of the cellular composition and histological features of red and yellow bone marrow.
Elaborate on the functional differences between red bone marrow (hematopoiesis) and yellow bone marrow (energy storage).
Discuss the clinical implications of red bone marrow disorders (e.g., anemia, leukemia) and yellow bone marrow disorders (e.g., fatty marrow infiltration).

2. Red Bone Marrow Transplantation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges:

Provide an overview of the process of red bone marrow transplantation, including donor selection, harvesting techniques, and conditioning regimens.
Explore the mechanisms of engraftment and....