Federal and State Government
An Analysis of Powers in Federal and State Government
The debate over having a strong central government or strong state government in the early days of the epublic seemed to fall on the side of the states. But as the years have proven, the Constitution, which extended very specific powers to the U.S. government, has come to be interpreted in ways that would extend even more power to the central government than at first seemed possible or even permissible. This paper will show what powers are actually extended to the federal government (according to the Constitution), what powers are extended to the state governments, the power limitations of both, and the powers that overlap.
As Ellis Katz (1996) states, "The Constitution, as written and ratified, creates a system of dual federalism in which both the national government and the states are sovereign in their respective spheres of competence" (p.…...
mlaReference List
Katz, E. (1996). United States of America. Retrieved from http://www.federalism.ch/files/categories/IntensivkursII/USAg2.pdf
McClellan, J. (2000). Liberty, Order, and Justice. IN: Liberty Fund.
U.S. Constitution. Retrieved from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_transcript.html
As a result, private schools will teach above and beyond the minimum state standards. Where, students will learn the basic subjects and then specialized skills that they can use later on in life. (Messerli, 2009)
The school vouchers program has its fair share of drawbacks the most notable would include: they are a violation of the separation of church and state. ecause the majority of private schools are religious orientated, means that any kind of public funding that is used in these schools is a violation of this principal. This affects the overall education that students are receiving, because of the increased amounts of influence that religion will play in their education. (Messerli, 2009)
A second criticism that many opponents make about the school voucher program is: there is a lack of regulation for these types of schools. The public school system is highly regulated; this means that all standards for…...
mlaBibliography
Messerli, J. (2009, May 24). Should Government Vouchers Be Given to Pay for Private Schools. Retrieved March 13,
2010 from Balanced Politics website: http://www.balancedpolitics.org/school_vouchers.htm
NYBudget
The current fiscal crisis facing American states has led to some drastic changes in state budgets. Throughout the country various states have been struggling to balance budgets without cutting vital services to citizens. In many states this quandary has caused a great deal of debate and has proven to be a major hurdle for governors. The purpose of this discussion is to examine the New York State budget as proposed by New York's governor, Andrew Cuomo. The research will focus on how the budget affects the public policy especially in the health care field. The discussion will also evaluate the advantages of the proposed budgetary cuts.
Proposed Budget
On February 11, 2011 the governor of New York released the 2012 budget proposal. There are several cuts that are expected to take place as a result of this budget. The governor explains that
"New York is at a crossroads, and we must seize this…...
mlaWorks Cited
Early Medicaid proposal calls for fee on hospitals. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 19, 2011 from: http://online.wsj.com/article/AP84c3dac38bcd42eeac9eccbd44f1dee8.html
Future of NY schools, teachers online in budget. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 19, 2011 from; http://online.wsj.com/article/APe14813e825014b1f81f3f9fbf7f95188.html
Medicaid and New York's Budget. New York Times. Retrieved February 19, 2011 from: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/19/opinion/19sat1.html?src=twrhp
Cuomo, A. State Budget. Retrieved February 19, 2011 from: http://www.governor.ny.gov/press/020111transformationplan
Domestic Violence Legislation
Federal and State Governments Fight Domestic Violence
Although numerous federal and state laws sanctioning domestic violence exist in the United States, the incidences of domestic violence remain substantial. The federal government has undoubtedly taken significant steps over the years to protect the victims of domestic violence through legislation. One such Act is the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). The Act, at the time of its enactment in 1994, focused on providing funding to victims, services to victims, and training to judges and law enforcement officers. Still, as the number of domestic violence cases remained constant, the Act was re-enacted in 2000 and once again in 2006. The latest re-enactment extends services to domestic violence victims by addressing the issue of domestic violence related homelessness. The 2006 re-enactment guarantees that victims will not be evicted from government funded housing. Still, the VAWA has drawn criticism due to its gender specific…...
mlaReferences
Barton, A and Bartol, C. (2007). Criminal Behavior and Psychosocial Approach. Upper Saddle
River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
California Penal Code, section 273.5. Retrieved from: leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-
bin/calawquery?codesection=pen&codebody=&hits=20
Letter Requesting Permission to Rent Space
Alhaji Lai Mohammed, Hon. Minister of Information & Culture
Radio House, Herbert Macaulay Way (South), Area
P.M.B. 247, Garki, Abuja
Mallam Yusuf Abdallah Usman
National Commission for Museum and Monuments (NCMM)
Plot 2018 Cotonou Crescent, Wuse Zone 6, Abuja.
Abubakar Malami, SAN
Attorney-General of the Federation and Minister of Justice
Federal Ministry of Justice
Shehu Shagari Way, Central Area, Abuja, FCT Abuja
Dear Sirs:
EbonyLife TV and EbonyLife Films are currently filming a new movie, The Royal Hibiscus Hotel at the Lagos State Old Secretariat.
We are proposing a private public sector partnership.
We love the building and want to revive and make use of the space. Specifically, we would like to rent the lobby area with 3 offices of the Lagos State Old Secretariat, currently occupied by the Lagos Federal Ministry of Justice, 7 Marina Street, Lagos. Our desire is to turn the available space into a gallery and cafe. This would bring a vibrant spirit to…...
Environmental Ethics
US Government and Environmental Ethics
The United States government has had a long history with the environment, beginning with the very beginning of the settlement of the Pilgrims, through the industrialization era, forming the beginning principles of having national parks, and to today with the onset of climate change and the environmental hazards of the 21st century. (National Park Service, 2012) Compared to other countries, the U.S. has had a more favorable view towards the use of the environment for business matters, often leaving entire communities scarred by the unprotected use of machinery and pollution to retrieve coal minerals, build six lane highways through forests, and even building massive subdivisions of buildings so close together that they represent risks of fire and natural disaster. There are several government agencies that have been created through the years to govern the vast territories that have been preserved, but the amount of funding…...
mlaWork Cited
American Farmland Trust. (2012). "History of the Farm Bill." Retrieved from, http://www.farmland.org/programs/farm-bill/history/usfarmsubsidies.asp .
The Encyclopedia of Earth. (2008). "Roosevelt, Franklin D. And his Environmental Policies." Retrieved from, http://www.eoearth.org/article/Roosevelt,_Franklin_D ..
The Environmental Protection Agency. (2012). "About Us." Retrieved from, http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/ .
BBC News. (2011). "What is the Kyoto Treaty?." Retrieved from, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2233897.stm .
The Supreme Court is the most powerful body of men in the United States, contrary to what many people believe.
The powers of the three branches of government are enumerated in the three charters of freedom: The Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, and the Bill of ights. Together, these documents enumerate the rights and freedoms of the citizens of the United States, inherent by virtue of their citizenship; and they enumerate and limit the powers of the three branches of government in such a way as to create a system of checks and balances that cause the actions to be scrutinized by the other branches, and, if the office of the President, or the president, does not agree with legislation crated by the House of epresentatives, sent to the United States Senate for approval, the president can veto the bill containing the legislation. Likewise, the president's veto…...
mlaReference List
U.S. Federal Government, located online, found at retrieved 1 February 2008.http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml ,
4 trillion and $3.6 trillion, an impressive boost to the U.S. economy in those years, the IPC explains. A study conducted by Arizona State University determined that when a person has a bachelor's degree that person earns about $750,000 more over the course of a lifetime of earning than a person with just a high school diploma earns.
The data from that study indicates that as of 2006, those working without a high school diploma earned approximately $419 per week and had an unemployment rate of 6.8%, the IPC explains. Those with a bachelor's degree earned approximately $962 per seek and their rate of unemployment was only 2.3%; over their careers college graduates earn "in excels of 60% more than a high school graduate, and workers with advanced degrees earn two to three times as much as high school graduates" (IPC, p. 2).
The Dream Act would remove the uncertainty of undocumented…...
mlaWorks Cited
Associated Press. (2011). Court rules against Arizona immigration law. Justice Department filed suit to block law it says violates U.S. Constitution. Retrieved May 4, 2011, from http://www.msnbc.msn.com .
Barreto, Matt. (2010). Senators who opposed DREAM Act may fact Latino roadblocks in 2012.
Latino Decisions. Retrieved May 7, 2011, from http://latinodecisions.wordpress.com .
Bennett, Brian. (2011). GOP drafts legislative assault on illegal immigration. Los Angeles
1990, United States government passed the Hate Crimes Statistics Act. This mandated that state, local and federal law enforcement agencies report data on crimes that reflected a bias against a person's race, religion, sexual orientation, and/or ethnicity/national origin. Several years later, people with disabilities were added to this list. Data collection was placed under the auger of the FBI, which complied by publishing an annual report through its Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. This program started to publish a review of national hate crimes in 1990 entitled Hate Crime Statistics, 1990: A Resource Book. By 1992, the publication reflected the reported data of all states. Because certain states, such as Wisconsin, penalize perpetrators more for the same crime if the motivation for that crime is thought to be categorical hatred, statistics reflect the opinions of law enforcement agencies.
Because of this wealth of new data, in addition to the data…...
The ar on Drugs was likely bad public policy from the beginning. It was an over-reaction to what politicians believed was a major social problem. The major social problem was society's method of dealing with the perceived problem and not the actual problem of drug use. Through the Controlled Substance Act Congress created a whole new class of criminal and a black market industry that makes the bootlegging of the 1930's look amateur in comparison.
Drug abuse is a problem just like alcoholism is a problem. Prohibiting the sale of alcohol did nothing to affect the rate or treatment of alcoholism and, as history has now shown us, prohibiting the sale of certain drugs has not affected the rate or treatment of drug abuse either. Such treatment is best left to the experts educated to provide such treatment and criminalizing the behavior only serves to make a bad situation worse.
Since 1997…...
mlaWorks Cited
Drug Enforcement Admininstration. U.S. Drug Enforcement Admininstration. 1999. 18 May 2011 .
Encylopedia Brittannica. "Prohibition." 2011. Encylopedia Britannica. 18 May 2011 .
Frone, Kristin E. Voelkl and Michael R. "Predictors of substance abuse at school among high school students." Journal of Educational Psychology (2000): 583-592.
Global Commission on Drug Policy. War on Drugs. Research. Rio de Janiero: Global Commission on Drugs, 2011.
CONFEDEATION & CONSTITUION
Confederation & Constitution
The author of this report is charged with answering several questions relating to the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. The original Constitution was hard enough to pull off but the Articles of Confederation were also a challenge and were in response to the economic challenges of that day. Different issues and weaknesses that came up were the Western problem, the slave vs. slave states, eastern vs. western states, Sherman's Plan, the Great Compromise and so forth. The debates that raged with the Federalists and the anti-Federalists will be covered as well as how the Bill of ights debate developed. Finally, the relative success of the Bill of ights will be summarized. While no single constitutional document is going to placate all sources and address all problems that could come to pass, the compromises and debates that raged about these two major parts of American legislative…...
mlaReferences
Archive.gov. (2014, August 1). Constitution of the United States - Official. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved August 1, 2014, from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/constitution.html
Archives.gov. (2014, August 2). Bill of Rights. National Archives and Records
Administration. Retrieved August 2, 2014, from http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights.html
Library of Congress. (2014, July 31). Primary Documents in American History. The Articles of Confederation: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual
French Government, State, and Regime: An Overview
Vive le Difference! The French phrase, 'long live the distinction or difference,' was coined to celebrate the supposedly innate difference between men and women. These differences were supposed to created a sense of positive tension and excitement between the opposite sexes. However, there is a profound sense between not only the United States, but also the French and many of their European national counterparts, that there is also a substantial cultural, political, and economic 'difference' between France and even her closest allies. And neither France nor America nor the European Union necessarily wants such 'differences' to exist in their current form, as the current century of economic globalization unfolds.
To examine why this is so, it is worth examining how the current structures and operations of the French government, function, how and, when and why (or if) they work to further the aims of…...
mlaWorks Cited
Carcassonne, Guy. "The French Constitution." May 2002. France from A to Z. http://www.ambafrance-uk.org/asp/service.asp?SERVID=100&LNG=en&PAGID=83
Education in France: The School System." June 2002. France from A to Z
http://www.ambafrance-uk.org/asp/service.asp?SERVID=100&LNG=en&PAGID=92
Ferry, Jean Pisani. "Employment in France." June 2001. France from A to Z. http://www.ambafrance-uk.org/asp/service.asp?SERVID=100&LNG=en&PAGID=346
Government Regulations and Hospice
Government Regulations Affecting Health Care in Hospice
Hospice
Regulations Affecting Health Care in Hospice
Impact of rules on Hospice services
Annotated Bibliography
This paper focuses on how government regulations impact hospice. The paper starts off with an introduction to the hospice system that was revived by a nurse, Cecily Saunders, who then went on to become a physician, establishing one of the first modern hospices. The concept of total pain is explained in some detail. The body of the paper then includes the studies that have been conducted on patients and caregivers in hospice systems as well as on people who died after they were diagnosed with terminal illness resulting in death in six months following the prognosis. The overall conclusion that can be drawn here is that while in Japan there is a marked need for improving the Day hospice system, the American hospice industry is acting as a mature competing…...
mlaWorks Cited
American Medical Directors Association. (n.d.). White Paper on Palliative Care And Hospice In Long-Term Care. Retrieved March 10, 2012, from American Medical Directors Association: http://www.amda.com/governance/whitepapers/palliative_care.cfm
Carlson, M.D., Morrison, R.S., Holford, T.R., & Bradley, E.H. (2007). Hospice Care: What Services Do Patients and Their Families Receive? Health Services Research, 42(4), 1672-1690.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (2008). Medicare and Medicaid Programs: Hospice Conditions of Participation; Final Rule. Federal Register, 73(109), 32088-32220.
Christakis, N.A., & Escarce, J. j. (1996). Survival of Medicare patients after enrollment In hospice programs . The New England Journal of Medicine, 172-179.
First Amendment Cases
There are several provisions in the First Amendment to the United States' constitution, all of which have been implemented in various court cases. In Engels v. Vitale, which centered around the legality of a mandated school prayer in New York state, many would perceive the issue as one of a "freedom of religion." More specifically, however, this case involved the First Amendment's clause that, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion," which was applied to state governments by the Fourteenth Amendment. This is known as the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, and is quite distinct from the provision allowing the free exercise of religion.
In Oregon v Smith, it was determined that a state employee could indeed be terminated and denied unemployment benefits for the use of an illegal substance (in this case peyote) even when its use was part of a religious ceremony. This…...
There are limitations on the destruction of wiretap records. The numbers of crimes for which wiretaps can be used, the types of judges who can authorize taps have both however, been expanded.
What Does the Constitution Say?
The United States Constitution states many principles of constitutional law that must be present in for Democracy to truly exist. Democracy is characterized by freedom and liberty to think and believe individually and the freedom to express those beliefs through speech that does not trod upon or offend others. The travesties against justice n committed in the name of Democracy is an affront to all that was intended, fought, and died in attaining in America.
Freedom, liberty and justice not only in America indeed, for the entire world. ut there are limitations within the realm of freedom and justice, for it is not freedom or justice in the forcing of what is termed Democracy upon…...
mlaBibliography
Preamble to the Constitution of the United States (nd) Legal Information Institute [Online] available at; http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.preamble.html
Dirck, Brian R. (2002) Posterity's blush: civil liberties, property rights, and property confiscation in the confederacy. Civil War History; 9/1/2002 [Online] available at;
PubMed is a great place to search for sources on healthcare. Other good choices include sites for Universities that have medical programs and sites for state governments. IntelligentHospitalToday.com has healthcare articles, as well. Also consider WorkcareGroup.com, as they have healthcare articles, too. Journals and textbooks can be excellent choices for information on the continuum of healthcare. If you have access to a large library, you can find information that shows how the continuum has evolved over time, and how that helps providers avoid duplication. Example papers will be more difficult to find than sources, but you can order an example paper....
1.Texas's vast size and economic power afford it significant influence in federal policymaking, with its congressional delegation often wielding outsize clout in shaping legislation and securing federal funding for the state.
2.As a major oil and gas producer, Texas plays a pivotal role in shaping federal energy policy, with its representatives advocating for deregulation and increased domestic production.
3.Texas's conservative political culture has a profound impact on federal governance, as its elected officials consistently push for lower taxes, reduced government regulation, and a strong military.
4.Texas's border with Mexico makes it a key player in shaping federal immigration policy, with....
The Evolution of Due Process in America
Due process, a fundamental principle of American jurisprudence, has undergone significant evolution since its inception. Its origins can be traced back to the Magna Carta, signed in 1215, which established the concept of "the law of the land." This principle implied that no one could be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process.
Early Formulations
In the United States, due process protections were incorporated into the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. The Fifth Amendment secures individuals against being "deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." The Fourteenth Amendment....
Existing literature plays a crucial role in informing federal program evaluations for government efficiency and effectiveness. Evaluation studies provide valuable insights into the performance of government programs and help policymakers make evidence-based decisions to improve their effectiveness. In this literature review, we will explore the different ways in which existing literature informs federal program evaluations and contributes to enhancing government efficiency.
One way in which existing literature informs federal program evaluations is through the use of evaluation methodologies. Various evaluation methodologies, such as cost-benefit analysis, performance measurement, and randomized control trials, are employed in the literature to assess the efficiency....
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